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Background: Limited information is available on response to Covid-19 vaccines in autoimmune rheumatic disease patients(ARD) previously exposed to the SARS-CoV-2. We compared the dynamics of vaccine induced antibody production after immunization with CoronaVac in SARS-CoV-2 - seropositive ARD patients(ARD+) with two age/sex balanced groups: SARS-CoV-2 naive ARD patients(NAIVE-ARD) and SARS-CoV-2-seropositive control group(CTRL+). Methods: Participants of this phase 4 prospective controlled study were vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac(28-days interval). Primary objective was immunogenicity dynamics evaluated by median neutralizing activity(NAb-activity)/anti-SARS-Cov-2 ln(IgG) titers[ln(IgG)] from D0-D28 and from D28-D69. Secondary objectives included safety and other immunogenicity parameters. Findings: Disease and therapy were similar in ARD+ and NAIVE-ARD groups(p>0·05). A comparable dynamics was observed for ARD+ and CTRL+ with a plateau increase occurring from D0-D28[ARD+, NAb-activity:59·1% to 81·8%, mean difference -12·1%,p=0·002 and anti-S1/S2-GMT:52·3 to 128·9, ln(IgG) mean difference -0·9,p 0·999) and anti-S1/S2-GMT(p 0·999 and D69:-12·3%,p=0·167/0·32%,p=0·258 with minor difference at D28:-13·6%, p=0·067/-0·45,p=0·006. Interpretation: ARD+ patients mount a robust plateau response after a single dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, independent of pre-existing ARD/therapy, whereas NAIVE-ARD patients require the second dose to ensure a moderate antibody production. Our findings raise the possibility of a single dose regimen in ARD patients previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2.[clinicaltrials.gov#NCT04754698] Funding: FAPESP/CNPq/B3-Bolsa de Valores-Brasil. Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval: The protocol was approved by the National and Institutional Ethical Committee (CAAE: 42566621.0.0000.0068)

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) may have a poor or delayed response to vaccines, mainly when CD4+ T cell counts are low. There are limited data concerning the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH. Methods: This prospective controlled study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine CoronaVac in PLWH compared with controls with no known immunosuppression. Immunogenicity was assessed with SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion (SC), neutralizing antibodies (NAb) activity, and factor increase in IgG geometric mean titers (FI-GMT). We also investigated if levels of CD4+ T cell counts (< or ≥500 cells/mm3) were associated with CoronaVac immunogenicity. Findings: 511 participants (215 PLWH and 296 controls) were eligible for the immunogenicity analysis. At vaccine completion (D69), although the percentage of participants with SC and NAb positivity was high for both PLWH and controls, it was somewhat lower in PLWH. CD4+ T cell was identified as a relevant factor for immunogenicity, with lower SC and NAb positivity in PLWH with CD4+ counts