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This article tells the story of University of Strathclyde Mediation Clinic through the eyes of its founder. Taking its first case in 2012, by the start of 2021 it will be providing a free mediation service in 16 of Scotland’s 39 sheriff courts,1 covering more than half the country's population. Yet it started with no plan, no budget and little theory. Writing in the first person, the author makes the case that mediation clinics, like mediation itself, call for improvisation. While mediators may plan and train, learning frameworks for action and a body of expert knowledge, they must then encounter complex, fallible people and the unpredictable dynamics of conflict. Responding well is arguably more important than reparation. And so it has been with the mediation clinic. The clinic was triggered by student demand and was shaped by its volunteers; it adapted to law clinic gatekeepers and negotiated with university administration; and it reinvented itself through contact with the courts, with hundreds of clients and, most recently, with a pandemic. Each interaction has shaped it. Strathclyde Mediation Clinic is a work in progress, as it must be if it is to fulfil the hope of pracademia: bringing the academy into the world and the world into the academy.

In light of recent managerial oversights such as those connected with the Challenger space shuttle disaster, having executives rely more on their professionals might serve to improve their organization's ethical consciousness. Although the professional record on corporate ethical behavior is by no means exemplary, the functional basis of the professions, especially the support rendered members through their professional associations and codes, is sufficient to make them potential watchdogs of corporate misconduct. The IEEE, for example, has taken steps to defend engineers who, in acting professionally to defend the public interest, are subject to arbitrary reprisals from employers. Executives, however, need to lead in encouraging professionals to follow their best instincts in supporting an ethical position within the enterprise. According to Raelin, three steps executives can take in this regard are (1) raising an ethical consciousness, (2) setting up an ethical process and structure, and (3) institutionalizing the structure. The first step involves a pronouncement from the CEO that the company is forever committed to a free and open exchange of ideas, including discretionary opinions from the professional staff. It also consists of an articulation of social and ethical goals that share the corporate agenda with economic goals. The next steps dictate how the organization goes about meeting those goals and what decision-making procedures and structures are to be adopted in carrying out such a social policy. By institutionalization, professionals and operating managers have incorporated ethical objectives into their day-to-day practice.

We examine academic research laboratories as examples of intractable governance sites. These spaces often elude regulatory warnings and rules because of the professional status of faculty members, the opacity of scientific work to outsiders, and loose coupling of policy and practice in organizations. We describe one university’s efforts to create a system for managing laboratory health, safety, and environmental hazards, thereby constraining conventional faculty habit to ignore administrative and legal procedures. We demonstrate the specific struggles safety managers face in creating system responsiveness, that is, feedback to re-channel noncompliant laboratory practices. We show how faculty members are buffered from the consequences of their activities, thus impeding the goals of responsibility and accountability. We conclude by asking where such pockets of intractability reside in other organizations and whether the surrounding buffer, if there is one, may nonetheless paradoxically create an effective margin of safety., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 0216815), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 0518118), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 0535870)

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify some of the most important issues pertinent to the emerging field of Islamic branding (IB). Namely, it answers the following questions: what does IB mean? Why is it important and what makes it different from conventional branding? What are its types? What is the future of IB?Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual research paper that builds on the author's vast expertise and knowledge of the Islamic market and Islamic marketing and branding practices, ethics, and motivations to answer the various research questions.FindingsAlthough IB is qualitatively different from conventional branding, international branding experts still view it from the same perspective and, therefore, use conventional branding techniques when branding to Muslims. The motivations to underlying IB are not fully appreciated and the concept remains bound by an abstract understanding of Halal and Haram.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual paper and, as such, it is subject to the same limitations surrounding similar conceptual academic works.Practical implicationsThe paper will be of great value to marketers because it will help them improve their branding strategies when targeting the Muslim consumer and engaging the Islamic market.Social implicationsThe IB practices have the potential to add a human touch to the exploitive conventional branding practices common among today's marketers.Originality/valueThis is the first paper of its kind that conceptualizes and clarifies the various facets of IB.

Though governments have been consumers of technology products for decades, new data- driven technologies (e.g. data analytics, surveillance technologies, database management systems) present new challenges and legal concerns that were not contemplated when most relevant procurement laws or policies were developed. This guidance offers high- level considerations and recommendations that can improve transparency, accountability, oversight and public trust in government technology procurement without legislative or regulatory reform (though modernization of procurement laws and policies is highly encouraged). The guidance focuses on best practices government officials can employ prior to a technology being used or formally implemented, and it includes an appendix that summarizes additional procurement resources and reports. This guidance can also be useful to advocates seeking to understand and engage in government technology procurement.

COVID-19 pandemic has forced schools and academic institutions all over the world to shift to remote online learning overnight. This is the longest disruption to the traditional face-to-face (physical) classroom learning ever. As the shift was unexpected, many stakeholders including teachers, administrators, parents and the students themselves have to embrace the Sudden Screen Learning (SSL) with or without sufficient resources, strategy and plans. As a result of social distancing in order to curb the spread of the pandemic, some students struggled to catch up with online learning challenges as family incomes deteriorated. This research intended to investigate the factors that push private university students to accept and adopt the sudden, remote online learning by applying the UTAUT constructs namely Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Subjective Norms (SN) and Facilitating Conditions (FC), taking into account the students’ Learning Styles as well as the moderating effect of Trusting Beliefs. The expected outcomes of the research will provide useful insights to the school administrators and regulators in understanding students’ SSL actual usage behaviour, thus, devising effective e-curriculums that will adhere to the same or even better quality of education as an assurance to the future of the younger generations.

A careerist expert advises a sequence of principals on their actions to match a hidden, randomly evolving state. The expert privately knows her competence. The principals learn about the state and the expert’s competence from past advice and past action outcomes, both publicly observable. I find that the equilibrium can feature a “crisis of expertise,” in which principals dismiss a competent expert’s correct advice, and rely only on public information. Notably, the crisis happens precisely when the quality of public information is low, and thus when expert knowledge is much needed. I discuss policy implications for alleviating the crisis.

Background: As a result of working inside homes, city housing inspectors witness hidden and serious threats to individual and community health. However, they lack systems and means to respond to the range of problems they encounter. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the impact and enabling environment for integrating a novel Social Service Referral Program within the Inspectional Services Department in Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA. Through this program, when inspectors identify a threat that cannot be resolved through code enforcement alone, they contact a local social service agency that provides support to residents in need. Methods: To evaluate the first eight months of the program (July 2019-February 2020), we used a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from 15 referrals and qualitative interviews with six key informants (inspectors, a case manager, and city leadership). Results: The most common services provided were for fuel, food, and rent assistance; healthcare; hoarding; and homelessness prevention. Referred residents received three types of services on average. Half of referred residents were not receiving other social services. Inspectors reported increased work efficiency and reduced psychological burden as a result of the program. Interviewees described how quality of life improved not only for referred residents but also for others throughout the surrounding neighborhood. Two primary enabling conditions of the program were identified: 1) A simple referral process that made inspectors’ jobs easier, and 2) a trusted, well-connected service provider funded to carry out the work. Conclusion: Housing inspectors’ encounters with residents present a unique opportunity to reach otherwise hidden populations and expand the public health impact of code enforcement. The study demonstrates how existing encounters and networks can be leveraged to connect at-risk populations with community resources and improve population health.

Research at the intersection of feminist organizational theory and techno-science scholarship notes the important role that gender plays in technology design, adoption, implementation, and use and how technology shapes and is shaped by gender and gendered work life. While governments are committed to advancing gender equity, feminist theory is rarely applied to the study of technology in government, thus limiting our ability to fully understand gendered outcomes of e-government. In this paper, we argue that e-government research and practice can benefit from drawing from three streams of feminist research: 1) studying gender as social construction, 2) researching gender bias in data, technology use and design, and 3) assessing gendered representation in technology management. Drawing from feminist research, we offer six propositions and several research questions for advancing research on e-government and gender. We contribute to research on gender and e-government by advocating for a feminist approach to the analysis of the adoption and implementation of technology in government settings from the perspective of public managers and employees.

This report compares the publication policy of Bulgarian periodicals in the health and social care field from the dawn of their publication history in Bulgaria, namely the end of 19 c and the beginning of 20 c century, with periodicals from the year in which the COVID-19 pandemic took over the news and has become a leading topic not only in medical journals. The choice of the type and theme of information sources is determined by the present-day relevance of the topic and by the fact that the specialized periodicals are the most reliable momentary reflection of the science achievements in the respective field. Periodicals, depending on the goals set by the editorial team, are a platform for presenting the most current and sometimes avant-garde practices of specialists and an opportunity to satisfy the interests of regular readers on health topics. It is according to the target group that publications are divided into two main categories: scientific and popular science. Of course, there are also the so-called “mixed” editions, but as a rule, compromises in this direction lead to their limited longevity.

Board chair in Finland is an important actor in the governance ecosystem not merely the most senior board member responsible for the latter’s effectiveness. The chairs not only represent their boards in relationships with the owners and the CEOs but build and maintain their own ties with these key stakeholders. Chairs in Finland see themselves as facilitators of collective discussions in the board room which lead to effective consensus-based decision making. They use several specific strategies to play a role of an effective ‘board conductor’. They bring directors into the game by reaching out before the meeting and focusing their attention at the opening, they ensure adequate level of understanding in the board room by providing adequate materials and learning the businesses for the board, they provide time and create safe space for collective discussions, they engage management and actively use technology. In Finland chairs often act as ‘senior partners’ of CEOs. The areas of collaboration between the chair and the CEO include planning, preparation and re-flection on board meetings, important business projects and decisions the CEO needs to make about investments, partnerships, people, products, communication with key stakeholders. Finland is one of the most technologically advanced countries in Europe, but even there until recently the board rooms remained islands of low-tech. The pandemic has changed it forever. In the years to come most of the board work will be done with the help of digital technology and board chairs will need to orchestrate that process. Technology will become an important enabler for chairs of Finish boards. It will liberate some of their time from routine operations and will allow to concentrate on what is really significant – improving the effectiveness of the whole governance system, making boards more strategic both in what they work on and how they think, sustainable development and risk management. Board leaders will become more engaging and less authoritative, will operate as moderators and speakers of their boards rather than semi-independent players.

The task of this study is the comparative analysis of the diffusion process of Blockchain into the national higher education systems as well as analysis of best-practice examples. It is part of the EU Erasmus+ project "BlockWASTE", which has as its overall objective to promote the application of Blockchain in municipal waste management through the development of targeted university curricula and study plans on the Circular Economy and Blockchain, training manuals and other educational tools. With this goal in mind, the first question to be answered is where there is a need for Blockchain. This again translates into questions like What is the status quo of the diffusion of Blockchain innovation in university education and research in the participating partner countries of the BlockWASTE project? What are the main drivers and reasons behind the fact that the diffusion process for the integration of Blockchain innovation in science and teaching is faster in some countries and slower in other countries despite good framework conditions? But the present study is not only intended to be a snapshot of the diffusion process of innovation in higher education of different European countries. A major focus of the study is to learn from best practice examples of university education in Blockchain. In the framework of the BlockWASTE project, this im-plies analyzing the innovation downstream and universities’ own development of curricular and educational material and tools.

Digital disruptions caused by the use of technologies like social media arguably present a formidable challenge to democratic values and in turn to collective intelligence. Challenges such as misinformation, partisan bias, polarization, and rising mistrust in institutions (including mainstream media) present a new constant threat to collectives both online and offline—amplifying the risk of turning ‘wise’ crowds ‘mad’ and rendering their actions counterproductive. Considering the increasingly important role crowds play in solving today’s socio-political, technological, and economical issues, and in shaping our future, it is vital to protect crowd-oriented systems against such disruptions. In this commentary, we identify time-critical challenges and potential solutions from emerging work on diversity, transparency, collective dynamics, and machine behavior that require urgent attention if future collective intelligence systems are to sustain their indispensable role as global deliberation instruments.

Project Mumbai is a non-profit organization that has been set up by like-minded individuals who are passionate about Mumbai and everything that matters. The CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND founder of Project Mumbai Mr. Shishir Joshi emphasized: “Social Transformation through Scale”. He firmly believed that uniting citizens through a cause can do a revolution. His Mumbai building project “Hamara Station, Hamari Shaan” which he undertook in his previous role as CEO of NGO Mumbai First saw 25000 plus volunteers supported by 100 institutions in a beautification drive across 36 railway stations in Mumbai within 7 days in October 2016, a project with Mumbai first and Making a Difference Foundation (M.A.D.). Project Mumbai through its various social-related projects IS ATTEMPTING TO build the next generation of leaders who feel a sense of ownership for Mumbai in the areas of Healthcare, Safety, Security, Environment, Governance, and Transport. Through its Public –Private-People (PPP) Models, Project Mumbai is upgrading the quality of life in Mumbai for Mumbaikars. Their week-long Mumbai Plastic Recyclothon, a mega plastic donation, collection, and recycling drive involving citizen groups, corporate institutions, housing societies, and school goers consider being a mass movement. Project Mumbai is working relentlessly and silently to bring social transformation and ownership among Mumbaikars through their selfless efforts. This paper is based on primary interviews as well as secondary resources available on the Project Mumbai organization.

Background: In recognition of the interconnected nature of complex challenges such as COVID-19, a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach, referred to as One Health, has been employed to address sustainable development and strengthen global health security. Although significant investments have been made to build global health capacity, there has not been a large-scale effort to capture the lived experiences of those working in One Health-related sectors. Methods: We collected and analyzed perspectives from students, graduates, workers, and employers in One Health through a multinational online survey across numerous health disciplines and sectors. Respondents were recruited through professional networks. Findings: A total of 828 respondents from 66 countries participated, representing governmental and academic institutions and students, among others; 57% were female, and 56% had completed professional health degrees. Interpersonal communication, communication with non-scientific audiences, and the ability to work in transdisciplinary teams were valued in the workplace. Employers indicated difficulty recruiting workers, while workers indicated limited availability of positions. Interpretation: Successful One Health workers use interpersonal skills and scientific knowledge to address complex health challenges. A misalignment in One Health definitions and expectations may be hindering the matching of job seekers and employers. As One Health has evolved to address food insecurity, emerging diseases, and antimicrobial resistance, it holds promise for supporting an interdisciplinary global health workforce that can make substantial progress on Sustainable Development Goals and improve global health security for all. Funding Information: This research was supported in part by and benefited from intellectual contributions from USAID’s PREDICT Project (JM and ET) and One Health Workforce -- Next Generation Projects (JM) Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The project was determined to be exempt by the University of California, Davis, Institutional Review Board (IRB ID: 1312001-1).

Coronavirus or COVID-19, from the earliest days of its appearance has affected our lives as human beings. The spread of COVID-19 in a short time affected every sector leading to the closure of majority. One of the sectors affected is the education system. Most governments have temporarily closed the educational institutions as an attempt to fight the spread of the pandemic. Due to the Coronavirus pandemic, in early 2020, universities and schools in the Republic of Kosovo were closed and moved online. By March 2020, it became clear that the academic and school year would continue virtually. Teachers all over Kosovo suddenly found themselves teaching in distance learning. The term Distance Learning in this study refers to learning that occurs either synchronously or asynchronously while students and educators are physically distant. This research paper aims to analyze and evaluate the distance learning process in Kosovo. Questionnaires were used to collect data on teaching during the pandemic. Also, the materials used in this research paper can be mail-based, internet-based, or broadcast. The results gathered from the research show that the non-digitalization of schools has been among the biggest challenges faced by teachers in Kosovo. It can be concluded that the distance learning period in Kosovo has revealed problems both in the content of the curriculum and infrastructural problems.

Preregistering study designs is broadly supported as improving scientific credibility but criticized for limiting the scope of what can be learned. The paper investigates this tradeoff in a model where a researcher conducts a study and aims to convince an evaluator that the results are worth publishing. When both begin equally informed, the aim to publish is closely aligned with producing informative research, leaving preregistration redundant. When better informed, the researcher can credibly signal confidence by committing to a hypothesis. Thus, whether preregistration should be the norm in a field depends on how critically private information plays in designing studies.

E-Contracts are no new to India, but the rigid mindset of the people has been a big wall that comes in the way of its application and execution. Currently, the ongoing global pandemic scenario has reached out different streams pushing India towards digitalization. India’s recent developments in digitalization are a far cry from what they used to be, in a noticeably short span of time. Instances like digital classrooms or to work from home job, it is all becoming a norm today. Offices are working on limited capacity which has caused the organizations to reevaluate the manner they execute their businesses. These instances now arise a question about the upcoming future of E-contracts in India. It is now a question for the legal system whether they are prepared for the upcoming challenges that will come when E-contracts will have a spurt growth?

This paper is a synthesis summary of an evaluation of the drama in Ogun and Oyo states. It is a four-phased Flexi Track survey and evaluation of the serial drama, which sought to assess the listenership, popularity and behavioural change impact of the radio drama among the target population.

The aim is to do a narrative review on the scope and implications of Mirror Journals in academic research. The following study has been done using searches based on databases, journals, and blogs such as Elsevier, PeerJ, Nature, Science, Hindawi, The Scholarly Kitchen, and also reports of OSI Global, a global network of high-level experts and stakeholders using a combination of the following keywords: Mirror journals, hybrid journals, Open access, double-dipping, transparency, feasibility. This review starts with a brief note on the open access movement, the advent of hybrid journals and Plan S, and the challenges associated with it. The review gives an analysis of mirror journals in alleviating major issues of ‘double dipping’, economic burden, and transparency by ensuring the prestige and reputation of the parent journal to which the mirror journal is affiliated.

We are grateful for the opportunity to participate in the Canadian Government’s consultation on a modern copyright framework for AI and the Internet of Things. Below, we present some of our research findings relating to the importance of flexibility in copyright law to permit text and data mining (“TDM”). As the consultation paper recognizes, TDM is a critical element of artificial intelligence. Our research supports the adoption of a specific exception for uses of works in TDM to supplement Canada’s existing general fair dealing exception. Empirical research shows that more publication of citable research takes place in countries with “open” research exceptions -- that is, research exceptions that are open to all uses (e.g. reproduction and communication), to all works, and to all users. Empirical research also shows that text and data mining research is promoted through exceptions that more specifically authorize text and data mining research. While these studies are preliminary and we are still improving on them, they provide evidence that supports the approach of combining a general research exception with a more specific data mining exception.

Business managers must oversee all aspects of the company’s operations and behave accordingly when there is a breach in the contractual obligations within the organization. Among the chief ebb and flow responsibilities of managers are the daily fiscal responsibilities. In the past, white-collar crime continues to be the Achilles heel that has brought many power-house organizations to their knees. Enron and several prominent Fortune 500 companies are cases of destructive leadership with grave consequences. Leaders with the highest degree of integrity possess the necessary qualities to effectively govern corporate institutions. The literature reveals a continuing trend that indicates there is a causal relationship between leadership styles and the predisposition to act in an unethical manner. The research will also show that many organizations are suffering from an acute crisis of leadership. This paper will investigate the efficacy of emotional intelligence in corporate leaders as it relates to fraudulent behaviors that leads to unethical behavior.

This research paper aims to fill a research gap on how opportunities for entrepreneurship are developed in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. The purpose of this research is to find out how education and social networks such as family, friends and business association influence opportunity development for youth entrepreneurship. A correlational research design is used and the study is conducted among 142 respondents. This study provides insights into what factors influenced the opportunity development for youth entrepreneurship. This research can be used by the future researcher to further identify and investigate the factors enhancing the opportunity development for entrepreneurship all across the nation.

This paper aims to explore the current status of online education and Covid-19 impacts on the educational system in Bangladesh. This paper is presented systematically by incorporating comprehensive literature on Covid-19 and education in Bangladesh from numerous secondary data sources. During the lockdown, the Bangladesh government has taken initiatives to continue classes through television and other online platforms. However, teachers and students experienced some challenges during the online education system. It was found that teachers were not well trained and had not sufficient knowledge about technology for conducting online classes. Alternatively, many students were unable to participate in online classes for not having digital devices and poor internet connection for living in rural areas. Even though some of the students had participated in online classes, they had a lack of concentration during online classes because of the new class format and poor lecture presentation of teachers. A major portion of the students faced financial crises and unable to bear educational expenses. The university final year students have suffered psychological pressure because they missed their opportunity to apply for several job circulars. The lockdown situation compelled the educational institute to close its academic activities throughout Bangladesh. The government is trying to take policies to solve the issues, but there have not enough published documents to incorporate this issue. This study will contribute to minimizing the research gap by supporting the policymaker by presenting the current education situation.

The impact of cyber-crimes is one, which the world’s economy cannot claim a blind eye to. This is evident as daily; institutions around the world and Cameroon in particular are suffering from this criminal practice. Nonetheless, stamping it out looks almost impossible and it leaves us asking if there are any steps taking to realize it complete eradication. Hence, this paper seeks to look at the practice of cyber-crimes, which permits us to look at the different forms of cyber-crimes as amongst many other aspects in Cameroon. It does so by reviewing existing literature relating to cyber-crimes. The ensuing results reveal the various different forms of cyber-crimes in Cameroon and what motivates most perpetrators of the crime.

Although international arbitration has become the preferred method for resolving business disputes across multiple jurisdictions and is used in virtually all parts of the world in a wide range of economic, social, and cultural environments, the arbitration community itself has long suffered from a lack of diversity amongst its members. The typical arbitrator has been described as “pale, male, and stale,” meaning a white man of a certain age. This paper represents a humble attempt to build a framework for understanding diversity and inclusiveness in the field of international arbitration. Although during the past two decades the subject has given rise to scores of articles in specialized publications and countless conferences, training programs, and workshops, we feel that academic literature still lacks a holistic approach to understanding the multiplicity of issues and objectives inherent in this topic. Such an approach should address four key questions: (i) What are the main aspects of diversity in international arbitration? (ii) When did this become an important topic in the literature? (iii) Why should we engage in a serious conversation about diversity and inclusiveness in international arbitration? (iv) How can we make the international arbitration community more diverse and inclusive?

For economic research activity at German universities, the USA structure is commonly taken as a role model. There, publications in the leading scientific journals, the "Top Five," are crucial for an academic career. Does this also apply to German universities? The empirical analysis shows several interesting differences between a survey among doctoral students; the requirements formulated in advertisements for professorial positions; and the actual appointments. The doctoral students share the view concerning the importance of the Top Five and believe that publishing in Top Five journals is necessary for an appointment at Universities of Excellence but not for other universities in Germany. Most advertisements for professorial posts state that publications in top journals are required or highly desired. In the case of appointments to assistant professorships, only at a few Universities of Excellence are the high publication requirements also reflected in the publications actually acquired. For appointments to permanent professorships (W3), the discrepancy is smaller in the case of Universities of Excellence but a large discrepancy exists for lower-ranked universities. When applying for an assistant professorship, a risk assessment should be made: A Top Five strategy is very risky, and it may be better to publish more in other scientific journals.

We use scientist-level panel data in order to estimate the effect which the number, type and source of research grants has on subsequent commercial contracts, publications and patent outputs. In so doing, we control for time-invariant factors including individual researcher preferences, the nature of the work and the business model of the researcher's laboratory. We find that, whereas Fellowships and Project or program grants had a positive effect on whether the scientist subsequently signed a commercial contract, Equipment and Development grants had the largest impact per grant. Finally, we find that International grants were negatively associated with the number of commercial contracts signed. The data were drawn from 488 biomedical researchers at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute over the period 2009–2012.

The dynamics of the life of the Indonesian nation currently face global challenges that must be addressed to find a solution so that this nation continues to exist in carrying out the mandate of the Constitution and that problem is separatism conflicts caused by radical movements. In order to tackle this problem, Schools as reformatory organizations that help develop the potential of students who have character, dignity and build civil society, are given the task to Strengthen the national insight in the education environment in order for students to then able to adapt and transform to make the society better. however, this raises the question of whether this could be achieved or not. Therefore the authors conducted this study That uses a qualitative descriptive type, and the results show that strengthening the national insight in preventing radicalism in schools is carried out through several strategies, namely integration in learning, socializing to all school members, and culture and empowerment. The results showed that strengthening the national insight should be interpreted as an effort to stimulate the process of stimulating students' awareness to be curious and continue to learn; Efforts to strengthen national insight require a process of time, accuracy of methods, and suitability of activity materials.

Consumers with multicultural experiences are increasingly involved in the process of value creation, yet there is a lack of understanding of how multiculturalism affects consumer creativity. Based on the dual perspectives of multiculturalism and loose-tight culture, this paper illustrates the mechanism of multicultural experience on consumer creativity and the moderating effect of loose-tight culture on this relationship. Two studies were conducted to validate the theoretical model. The results revealed that multicultural experiences enhance consumer creativity, cognitive complexity mediates the relationship between the two, and loose-tight culture moderates the relationship between multicultural experiences and consumer creativity. The results provide a new perspective about culture and consumer creativity, expanding the study of culture and consumer creativity from the cultural value dimension to the social norm dimension, enriching the research on creativity as a cognitive process at the consumer level, providing guidance and reference for companies to better stimulate and utilize consumer creativity.

In March of 2017, when we were blissfully ignorant of what was to come in that same month a few years later, an associate professor of political science named Robert Kelly was being interviewed on BBC from his home office in South Korea. About a minute into the interview, his four year old daughter pranced into the room, in the most literal sense of the word, followed by her little brother in a baby walker and, shortly thereafter, Kelly’s horrified spouse, Kim Jung-A, who scrambled to collect the kids and close the office door. That viral BBC interview, which now has tens of millions of views on YouTube, took place long before our collective experiment in working from home. While Kelly’s experience was truly novel in 2017, it feels like just another day at the office in 2020. If we have not personally had a kid “bust down the door,” as my toddlers like to say, during a Zoom call, then we have seen someone else’s kid do the same. While Kelly’s interview may have still gone viral if it had happened today—this was live on BBC, after all—the whole thing feels far more familiar than it once did. COVID-19 has upended the workplace as we know it. Employment experts widely speculate that certain industries have fast-forwarded in the direction of working remotely by years. If the future of work for many employees is primarily virtual, what challenges does this entail for employers? What new rights might employees have coming out of the pandemic? In industries that continue operating in person, how should employers accommodate vulnerable employees who request to work remotely? What about non-vulnerable employees who are simply afraid to come in? While analyzing these and related questions, this article explores the arguments for and against remote work. It goes on to show that the “hybrid workplace,” in which more people work from home more of the time, is our likely future. The article considers the new challenges this raises for employers and the new rights that it bestows on employees. The article concludes by arguing that giving employees choice about their work location is a mechanism for employers to avoid potential liability while boosting workplace morale and increasing productivity; creating a win-win for employees and employers alike.

We examine audit reviewers’ detection of conclusion deficiencies, which occur when preparers draw inappropriate inferences about the audit evidence set as a whole. These deficiencies are particularly concerning when the evidence set contains inconsistencies (i.e., items that do not uniformly support the client’s assertions). We argue that reviewers with a promotion focus detect more conclusion deficiencies than reviewers with a prevention focus. A promotion focus is a frame of mind that broadens attention and encourages big picture thinking, while a prevention focus narrows focus and encourages avoiding mistakes. In two experiments, we provide evidence that a promotion focus improves reviewers’ detection of conclusion deficiencies when considering inconsistent evidence. Specifically, we find that a promotion focus increases reviewers’ holistic thinking, documentation of inconsistencies among evidence items, and the communication of significant issues to the engagement manager, which increases the likelihood that the issues will be resolved appropriately.

This article reports on perceptions of internationalization by institutional stakeholders at a Vietnamese public university. The study utilized document analysis, interviews and questionnaires, revealing a noticeably different view of internationalization that commonly found in the global literature. In particular, the university’s internationalization efforts tended to take a more inward focus on internationalizing domestic factors, placing more priority on enhancing the knowledge of domestic students and encouraging higher qualifications for staff, rather than a more outward focus on broader goals such as attracting international students and expertise. Ultimately, the contemporary context of Vietnamese higher education was identified as having a key influence on the institution’s internationalization strategies.

Are today’s students able to discern quality information from sham online? In the largest investigation of its kind, we administered an assessment to 3,446 high school students. Equipped with a live internet connection, the students responded to six constructed-response tasks. The students struggled on all of them. Asked to investigate a site claiming to “disseminate factual reports” on climate science, 96% never learned about the organization’s ties to the fossil fuel industry. Two thirds were unable to distinguish news stories from ads on a popular website’s home page. More than half believed that an anonymously posted Facebook video, shot in Russia, provided “strong evidence” of U.S. voter fraud. Instead of investigating the organization or group behind a site, students were often duped by weak signs of credibility: a website’s “look,” its top-level domain, the content on its About page, and the sheer quantity of information it provided. The study’s sample reflected the demographic profile of high school students in the United States, and a multilevel regression model explored whether scores varied by student characteristics. Findings revealed differences in student abilities by grade level, self-reported grades, locality, socioeconomic status, race, maternal education, and free/reduced-price lunch status. Taken together, these findings reveal an urgent need to prepare students to thrive in a world in which information flows ceaselessly across their screens.

In 2020, programs in all sectors underwent an unprecedented push towards virtual communication, enhanced accessibility and, in effect, the evolution of service delivery networks. In order to assess the effectiveness of virtual mediation as an additional option to in-person and phone mediation options, a research team conducted a case study of M.A.R.C.H. Inc. – Mediation Achieving Results for Children – a non-profit that provides mediation services to help parents resolve disputes involving custody, access and visitation, and child support throughout Missouri. The study utilized administrative data, client and mediator surveys, and interviews with mediators, parties, and parenting court stakeholders to compare quality, accessibility, engagement, outcomes, and satisfaction. The data indicates that the various formats of mediation offered by M.A.R.C.H. mediators met the needs of different clientele and were largely preferentially chosen by parents and mediators based on case characteristics. The study can also initiate conversations around measures of mediation and parenting court success, accessibility, and best practices in an age of technology.

The legal and compliance departments in organizations have more influence than ever before. Why then are companies so vulnerable to legal liability? The problem may not be with talented legal professionals, but with the lack of legal knowledge held by MBAs and other business school graduates that make day-to-day decisions in modern organizations. Firms can close this knowledge gap and minimize legal liability by training their managers in legal astuteness, the ability of a manager to successfully address legal issues, by instilling four essential traits: respecting the rule of law, recognizing legal issues, resolving problems proactively, and reporting complex legal issues to experts. Job candidates should also be screened for traits of legal astuteness. A legally astute candidate, especially a graduate of a business school that requires legal education for all its students, can be a cultural ambassador for legal astuteness and a valuable liaison between legal and compliance departments and the candidate’s functional area. A legally ignorant candidate will require significant training and a frank assessment of the legal risk they bring to the organization. Modern firms in today’s legal environment face two choices: hire a legally astute manager now or deal with a compliance headache later.

While every business school discipline (accounting, business law, communication, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, management, marketing, organizational behavior, and strategy) each possess scholarly trends and momentary fashion, scholarly research and writing has developed over the years in a manner that lends itself to some useful generalizations. Particularly for young scholars who are new to the challenges of research methods, a clear picture of at least one acceptable approach to the articulation of a research problem seems useful. We have drafted this introductory reading with a view toward providing just that, some initial thoughts to prod the thinking about the research and writing process. We seek to provide a quick read of thirty minutes or less to set the stage for all the hard work, dismissed ideas, and blind alleys that inevitably confront the PhD student about to embark on a journey that will hopefully lead, just a few years later, to a relatively quick (maybe a year or two less than the norm) completion of a thoughtful, cogent, and important dissertation having “real world” scholarly impact.

This is a qualitative comparative study on the results of two surveys on managerial perceptions about new technologies. The first survey dealt with the perceptions of curators about new technologies in their museums and the second survey dealt with the perceptions of managers about new technologies in their hotels. The surveys employed a similar questionnaire and their comparison of results generates important implications for the further education and training that is necessary for managers in order to embrace new technologies and their adoption in the relevant industries. Consistent to their theoretical educational background, curators need familiarization with basic economic principles, while hotel managers with their business administration background, need to widen their outlook and become acquainted with all the new technological possibilities available by leading competitors worldwide.

The understanding of teaching and learning, jointly with training along with decision methodologies, was the primary to be alive valuable through these conclusions. Merely a scattering of classified schools possibly will take up the online training process. Their less-income of private plus government school complements, therefore, on the other hand, include a total blackout meant for not having the right of entry in the direction of e-learning way-outs. The learners, inside adding together on the way to the let passed chances for knowledge, no more longer have entree to in tasty physical shape meals for the duration of this time and are area under discussion matter to monetary and communal strain. Objective- To discuss the current impact of COVID-19 on education and to explore the difficulties in network connectivity. Method-The method was used for this study is the online survey by the investigator. Result-The researcher received the suggestions for online teaching after the lockdown;only 10% of respondents were in the favour of continuing online teaching.

The Enactment of Republic of Indonesia of Act Number 5 of 2017 about the Advancement of Culture states that the central government and local government are required to undertake the maintenance of cultural advancement objects. Good cooperation is needed so that the cultural ecosystem can run synergistically. Magelang Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia that have many art communities. The existence of various art communities in the Magelang Regency is a valuable asset in the advancement of culture. This research aims to answer how the strategy is applied by the organizer of the art community in supporting the advancement of culture In Magelang Regency. To conduct the advance study of the problems was used Qualitative approach by using the data collection of observation, interview, and literature study. Data resources were obtained in the research location by deciding the competent key person and written data resources that are appropriate and relevant. The results of this research showed that the art community needs to select the strategy in using the power (strength) to face all of the threats by understanding the markets, developing the creativity, and innovating the creation. In addition, the art community strategy also thought about the educational form of good engagement among local societies, governments and the organizers of the art communities.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a particularly urgent need for religions to take an active role in addressing the crisis. Although the pandemic is a time in which religious institutions are as much victims of the crisis as they are agents of addressing the problem, the conditions of the pandemic oftentimes disrupt the ability of religious leaders to engage with their followers and to communicate with one another. When we speak of religious engagement, we are really speaking of three fronts: (1) within the tradition; (2) with secular institutions; and (3) with other religious traditions. Within each individual set of engagement, there are specific issues to focus on. Here, I would like to focus on three matters that religious engagement can help address when it comes the coronavirus pandemic or other similar dilemmas: (1) communicating an interreligious message to religious adherents within and across traditions; (2) communicating truthful, scientifically sound information to the public; and (3) communicating examples of proper behavior to the people.

Dispute resolution experts have much to offer local leaders during a time of national division. They can provide ways for these leaders to: preserve and build trust, take advantage of the energy underlying protest to help the community deal over the long term with root causes of the concerns that residents raise, and prepare the community by making it more resilient and ready to deal with a divisive incident or conflict. In creating and using a “virtual toolkit” of resources for assisting local officials, several strategies emerged that will help dispute resolution experts reach these leaders. The strategies include: ask other local leaders to transform the dispute resolution practices into leader-to-leader counsel, omit alternative dispute resolution (ADR) jargon, fit leaders’ schedules, offer an engaging format that might be a change of pace for leaders, educate for discovery so that local leaders can tailor the concepts to local situations, and conduct the conversations quietly.

In November 2010, the International Standardization Organization (ISO) published the ‘International Guidance Standard on Social Responsibility - ISO 26000’ (ISO 26000). ISO 26000 is a voluntary international standard that provides guidance to companies and other organizations on social responsibility (SR) and sustainable development (SD). The guide provides a common understanding of SR, through agreed terms and terminology. SR is defined as the: responsibility of an organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behaviour that - contributes to sustainable development, including health and the welfare of society; - takes into account the expectations of stakeholders; - is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour; and - is integrated throughout the organization and practised in its relationships. ISO 26000 recognizes human rights as a core component of SR and identifies various human rights issues that business enterprises should consider in discharging this responsibility, inter alia, due diligence, human rights risk situations, and resolving grievances. According to Henriques, ISO 26000 is a ‘powerful statement of the moral and practical issues facing companies and organizations’ that can become influential and make valuable contributions to the realization of human rights, especially in developing countries. ‘Outside the West, where many companies are feted with numerous standards, initiatives and the lure of “corporate social responsibility”, ISO 26000 will be influential. It will be the main port for call for many companies in the South seeking to address their wider responsibilities, perhaps for the first time’. It should be underlined that ISO’s involvement in the project of ISO 26000 was disputed from the start. ISO is an international non-governmental organization whose membership base consists of National Standards Bodies (NSBs). ISO’s main activity has been the development of technical standards for products and processes to facilitate trade. ISO remains a ‘de facto monopoly’ in most domains of international technical standards permitting product interoperability. ISO went outside its comfort zone by entering the field of SR a public interest issue and developing a type of international standard that differs in various aspects from its predecessors, including the ISO 9000 – Quality Management System Standards (MSSs) and ISO 14000 – Environmental MSSs. ISO’s involvement in the field of SR, and furthering the SD agenda, was conditional upon ISO revising its modus operandi. To this end, carefully crafted procedures to ensure an equitable and balanced representation of traditional and non-traditional stakeholders and North-South interests, were put in place. The consultation of non-traditional stakeholder voices also resulted in ISO deciding that the future deliverable would be a voluntary ‘guidance document’, explicitly ‘not intended or appropriate for certification purposes or regulatory or contractual use’. The particular nature of ISO 26000 has triggered discussion among practitioners and academics alike. Scholars have taken a particular interest in the legitimacy and effectiveness of ISO 26000’s multi-stakeholder development process. This process involved 400 experts and 200 observers from 99 countries and 42 international organizations. Scholars have pondered the added value of ISO 26000 in the already crowded field of CSR in which other initiatives provide substantive guidance on SR, ISO 26000’s dissemination, potential and actual impact on the behavior of companies and on the overall development agenda. Less attention has been paid to the potential and actual effectiveness of ISO 26000 in relation to human rights. This chapter examines the effectiveness of ISO 26000 for human rights, 10 years after its publication. The effectiveness of ISO 26000 can be defined in various ways. Of particular relevance for the purpose of this chapter is how well ISO 26000 serves the goal it has set for itself and the achievements in relation to human rights, within the overarching objective of SD. Moreover, it discusses the relevance and suitability of ISO 26000 in contributing to resolving key challenges in the business and human rights domain. Hence, the manner in which ISO 26000 defines human rights responsibilities, its dissemination globally and the actual impact on business standards and practices will be important aspects to consider when determining its effectiveness. The first section of this chapter describes the origins and development of ISO 26000, and how it aims to contribute to human rights. The second section conducts a literature review of academic writing on ISO 26000, focusing on the effectiveness of ISO 26000, including in relation to human rights. The third section exposes current debates, emphasizing the linkage between ISO 26000 and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) , and identifies outstanding issues. The UNGP have been widely accepted as the framework to address the adverse human rights impacts of business enterprises. The final section provides an agenda for future research. This chapter concludes that, for a number of reasons outlined below, ISO 26000 has not been effective in leveraging business practices. ISO 26000 does not fully reflect the UNGPs and this undermines its effectiveness as a tool and its potential transformative effects on fostering respect for human rights within companies, as part of a broader solution to promote human rights protection against business related harms. Moreover, ISO 26000 risks losing its relevance compared to other initiatives setting international SR standards, mainly because it has not been updated since its publication in 2010. Whilst a revision should give it a new impetus, one should question whether efforts are better spent elsewhere, on initiatives and processes of business and human rights governance that bring actual change in the lives of people.

Online intermediaries are omnipresent. Each day, across the globe, the corporations that run these platforms execute policies and practices that serve their profit model, typically by sustaining user engagement. Sometimes, these seemingly banal business activities enable principal perpetrators to commit crimes; yet online intermediaries are almost never held to account for their complicity in the resulting harms. This Article introduces the term and concept of platform-enabled crimes into the legal literature to draw attention to way that the ordinary business activities of online intermediaries can enable the commission of crime. It then singles out a subset of platform-enabled crimes—those where a social media company has facilitated international crimes—for the purpose of understanding and addressing the accountability gap associated with them. Adopting a survivor-centered methodology, and using Facebook’s complicity in the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar as a case study, this Article begins the work of addressing the accountability deficit for platform-enabled crimes. It advances a menu of options to be pursued in parallel, including amending domestic legislation, strengthening transnational cooperation between international and domestic prosecutors for criminal and civil corporate liability cases, and pursuing de-monopolizing regulatory action. I conclude by acknowledging that the advent of platform-enabled crimes is not something that any single body of law is equipped to respond to. However by pursuing a plurality of options to address this previously overlooked form of criminal facilitation, we can make a vast improvement on the status quo.

This report provides a cross-sectional mapping of Arts integration within enterprises and organ-isations that relate to the digital transformation, in contemporary and emerging contexts, across Europe and beyond. This mapping indexes engagements between the Arts and enterprise across the three categories: Residing, Consulting and Embedding. In addition to these three formations, this report extends on the previous work, to formulate another level of scalar categorisation. This is in order to further capture the diversity of attributes between how enterprises and artists engage with each other. To this end, each instant of Arts-Enterprise engagement can be understood at some point across the spectrum of the following six scales: From Equal to Unequal Relationships Between Artists and Enterprise; From Highly Collaborative, Interdependent Artist/Enterprise Practice to the Independent Practice of Artist; From Long-term, Sustained Engagement to Short-term Interactions; From Practice as Highly Defined by Enterprise to that as Selfdefined by Artist; From being for the Benefit of a Specific Target Audience to Reaching Wider Publics and; From Arts Having a Strong Influence on Enterprise to Having a Weak or Minimal Impact on Enterprise.

In 1965, Gordon Moore came up with a prediction that technology will double itself in every two year. Though there has been certain volatility in his prediction but the essence of it still remains intact. After the invention of retail internet, the prospects of technological advancement have only skyrocketed and this can be seen, without doubt in the times of coronavirus pandemic. Due to COVID-19, educational institutions across the world have been suspended and virtual classes have replaced the traditional face to face lectures all over the world. In this current scenario, it seems that this trend is likely to continue and accelerate with time. Law is a subject which has diverse facets, and its intensity starts from the very beginning. Studying law requires immense reading habit, thirst for knowledge, teamwork, research skills, particularly at master's level, where there is special emphasis on research papers and dissertation. This is not possible without teacher-student interaction which provides a scope for immediate feedback and evaluation. This paper evaluates the use of technology and online classes in imparting legal education at master's level. The study captures and examines the perception of a master level law student about online classes. An Online survey has been conducted on 60 students pursuing LLM from Galgotia University. Students have been questioned about the strength and weaknesses of e-learning, ranging from internet glitches, preparedness to designing and effectiveness of learning in online classes. Educational challenges have also been addressed by analyzing how the structure of online education can be improved through one-on-one interaction. A recommendation emanating from this research is that the academic institutions need to explore the advance technology to reach more students more effectively.

Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.