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This study aimed to find out the implementation of bullying policy in Central Luzon State University by the use of information dissemination strategies. This research is a qualitative paper. 438 students served as respondents: The results were analyzed through descriptive analysis. This research used descriptive analysis. The study concludes that most of the respondents are slightly aware of regarding bullying policy of the university and print media plays a major role in this slight awareness, therefore it seems that the efforts of the administration to eliminate the bullying in the vicinity of the university are not enough because their activities do not reach the majority of the students and their information dissemination strategies are not effective enough to implement and/or promote the policy and to raise the awareness of the community.

Recent research in behavioural finance has shown the importance of investor sentiment to explain stock market returns. In light of the changes in the media scene from traditional print media towards social media platforms over the past decade, this paper analyses and compares the effect of sentiment indices obtained from different media sources in their ability to explain stock market movements. Using a large set of articles and reader comments covering the time from 2006 to 2020, we show that social media is better in capturing investor sentiment than traditional media outlets. The results of the paper highlight the importance of alternative media sources to understand market behaviour.

New millennium is exposed by Internet as a communication medium. There has been the new habit to consume information or news from conventional media to digital media. Conventional media only has two choices. First, it is challenged by technological developments. Then, it is shut down. Second, it joins developments to the improvement by converging into digital media. In fact, a digital media is not enough to get the existence of the media itself. Mobile digital applications are used as media to survive in the media industry these days. “POPULAR Now” is one of the start-up in digital mobile applications that are able to compete in the media industry in Indonesia. This application was launched at the end of 2017. It has been downloaded by more than one hundred thousand users worldwide. This research is a qualitative research through case study research method. “POPULAR Now” is one of the start-up in digital mobile applications that are able to compete in the media industry in Indonesia as adult men’s magazine. It developed from print media to the first digital adult men’s magazine in Indonesia. Thus, it is developed to mobile digital start-up that can be downloaded on smartphone.

News framing of events often restricts us to either ‘oppose’ or ‘favour’ a particular side/party involved in a conflict. This paper examines the print media framing of the Arab Spring in the editorials of The News International (NI) of Pakistan and Arab News (AN) of Saudi Arabia. The coverage sample consists of newspaper editorials published from January 2011 to December 2012 when the uprising received phenomenal attention from the media worldwide. Qualitative content analysis of 48 newspaper editorials (24 NI/24 AN), demonstrates how senior media workers constructed the Arab Spring as an international conflict. Specifically, the lexical choices of editorial writers reveal that mainstream newspapers in both the countries positively framed the pro-Arab Spring protesters (public), who reportedly desired to bring the ‘change’. On the contrary, the media framing of the uprising also reflects that the newspapers negatively framed the anti-Arab Spring authorities (ruling elite), who reportedly resisted the ‘change’. A future research is recommended to investigate readers’ perspectives, as well, on the media portrayals of the Arab Spring or other similar conflicts which can give insights into how language use can impact and is impacted by ideology, cultural nuances and identity of diverse individuals.

Russian abstract: XX век ознаменовался ростом количества печатных СМИ, появлением множества тематических журналов. Общество ощутило потребность в периодике как значимой силе общественной жизни. Угнетенное положение артистов цирка конца XIX – начала XX века привело к созданию профессионального союза, деятельность которого подкрепляется выпуском собственного журнала. Целью статьи стало исследование развития циркового искусства глазами отечественных СМИ, в частности тематических журналов. Проблема исследования заключается в том, какую информацию передают СМИ о цирковом искусстве, как происходит изменение социального статуса артистов цирк благодаря деятельности тематических журналов. В качестве метода исследования выбран контент анализ отечественных журналов и цирке 1914-1993 гг. В результате исследования выяснилось, что специализированные журналы имели разные цели в разные периоды. При царской России – это желание артистов единым фронтом защищать свои интересы, иметь возможность трудоустройства и социальной защиты. В период советской власти целью изданий становится популяризация циркового искусства, прославление достижений советского народа во всех сферах. Журналы публикуют статьи о жанрах циркового искусства, обзор программ. Со временем артист и его жизнь становятся темами выпусков. Цирк сам по себе является искусством, отражающим жизнь своего времени, события в стране. Артисты говорят со зрителем языком трюка, танца, пантомимой, пробуждая веру в силу человека, объединяя людей одной идеей. Меняются лидеры, меняются режимы, и искусство не может оставаться в стороне от этих изменений. Проведенное исследование будет интересно как историкам искусства, так и социологам. English abstract: The XX century was marked by an increase in the number of print media, the emergence of many thematic magazines. Society felt the need for periodicals as a significant force in public life. The oppressed position of circus artists of the late XIX - early XX centuries led to the creation of a trade union, the activity of which is supported by the release of its own magazine. The aim of the article was to study the development of circus art through the eyes of domestic media, in particular thematic magazines. The research problem is what kind of information the media transmit about circus art, how the social status of circus artists changes due to the activities of thematic magazines. The content analysis of domestic magazines and the circus of 1914-1993 was chosen as the research method. As a result of the study, it turned out that specialized journals had different goals in different periods. Under Tsarist Russia, this is the desire of artists to defend their interests with a united front, to be able to find employment and social protection. During the Soviet period, the goal of publications is to popularize circus art, to glorify the achievements of the Soviet people in all areas. Magazines publish articles on genres of circus art, a review of programs. Over time, the artist and his life become the themes of the releases. The circus itself is an art that reflects the life of its time, events in the country. Artists speak with the audience the language of trick, dance, pantomime, awakening faith in the power of a person, uniting people with one idea. Leaders change, regimes change, and art cannot remain aloof from these changes. The study will be interesting to both art historians and sociologists.

Even though now a day’s print media is well equipped in its research and operation yet it needs technology to become more efficient and at par with cut-throat competition. This research paper is an attempt to throw light on the adoption of technology and its positive side which strives to hold along in berserk environment. This research work unfolds the advantages of usage advanced technology as modeling, theories, complex competition, data collection and analysis and collaborative opportunities and issues. The present secondary data based research work put forth the keynotes and the technology which helps print media in its operations and enhancing effectiveness, brings cost-cutting models, time efficiency, work speed media and decision making in publishing print impressions. The standards and systematic implications of advanced technology which carries out operations and research in print media in every stage of execution right from budget planning, presentation, and conclusion.

We investigate the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) related news sentiment on the stock market performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) constituents. Relying on a large data set of news articles that were published online or in print media between the years of 2010 and 2018, we extract each article's sentiment with respect to ESG-related topics using a dictionary approach and calculate a polarity-based sentiment index. Estimating autoregressive distributed lag models reveals significant effects of both temporary and permanent changes in ESG-related news sentiment on idiosyncratic returns for the vast majority of the DJIA constituents. According to the models' results, we can assign the stocks to different groups depending on their investors' apparent predisposition towards ESG-news, which in turn seems to be linked with a stock's financial performance.

Time keeps on slipping and accordingly making the things to move or change from their present form keeping in mind the end goal of to take a new frame. This is true in case of censorship too, the extent of which was previously limited to print media. With the reach of internet at every nook and corner of the society, internet has moved toward becoming something which has turned out to be effective in drawing in an ever-increasing number of people thus resulting in increased tenfold of internet users from 1999 to 2013 according to a report of internet stats. At one end it is benefiting the society but at the other it is turning out into a center point of illegal matter which is harmful for the wellbeing of the society. In order to cooperate with the menace of internet use, there is a need to censor the internet. This research paper mainly focuses upon the concept of internet censorship in Indian context.

We translate print media coverage into a gauge of human sentiment and the equivalent advertisement value, and find that the tone of media coverage substantially impacts stock markets. The tone has a positive effect on both overnight and daily stock returns but not on intraday returns, while conditional variance and daily price gaps are negatively influenced. This effect is significant on days of sharp price declines. The coverage of negative events in the capital market is about double the coverage of positive events. This asymmetry is greater when distinguishing between professional and unprofessional financial print media.

Advertising campaign need lot of hard work. It is very challenging to find out the exact costs of what print media and billboard advertising would cost. Here, we selected the Huawei Mate 9 model of smartphone. The importance of smart objectives is to make it specific and measurable. Huawei are designed for the outdoors and deals with the different aspects of the smartphone.

The exponential growth in digital media has recently challenged the value of print media in the overall marketing mix. Across three studies, the authors evaluate the relative effectiveness of print ads versus digital ads. In Study 1, using eye tracking and biometric measures during exposure, the authors find stronger encoding and engagement for print ads over digital ads. A week later, participants showed no significant difference in recognizing ads across format, though they better remembered the encoding context of print ads. Notably, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors find greater activation in hippocampus and parahippocampal regions for print ads relative to digital ads. Extending these insights, Study 2 demonstrates that participants better remember print ads across contents, context, and brand associations when using snippets as retrieval cues. In addition to establishing the robustness of previous findings, Study 3 provides further evidence that the observed memory advantage for print ads is primarily due to superior encoding during initial exposure. From a practical perspective, these findings suggest that marketers should not discount the value of print media in advertising, despite the rapid growth of digital media and communications.

Developments in information and communications technology, infrastructure improvements and technology adoption in the last decade have significantly changed the lives of the people and provided new opportunities for consumers and businesses. It brings consumers online and familiarity and comfort with digital platforms increase and the continued growth of connected commerce is inevitable. Cross-border e-commerce continues to grow, as more of the world’s population becomes digital buyers, and retailers become better able to facilitate these transactions. Lack of proper policy standard and specific laws regulating electronic transactions of consumer and numerous cases reported through print media as well as electronic media necessitated the measures for the protection of electronic consumers. This paper analyze the issues related to the online purchase, global E-commerce, cross border sales issue, e-commerce environment and legislation in India. This article summarizes the findings of various corporate, global consumer forum and organisation.

Journalists are not only storyteller but also they are the watchdog of the society for different dimensions. In the era of globalization when everything is changing very fast, the status of all human being is also changing with the same pace, whereas the status of Journalists in India especially in Rajasthan are stagnant and comparatively not standard. The paper tries to find out the socio- economic status of the Print Journalist of Jaipur. The researcher also wants to study the role of socio-economic status on their profession through Media habit. The Media habits and Socio-economic backgrounds of the Journalists are identified by Questionnaire especially designed for this purpose. Data processing was done with the help of statistical tools and some manual calculations. It is recommended through this paper that the actions should be taken by the Print Media agencies to improve the Socio-economic of the Print Journalists of Jaipur. Government of Rajasthan should take appropriate measures in this direction. And finally the Journalist should be highly skilled to cover their beats and related stories with due compassion and sincerity.

Pharmaceutical firms continue to advertise more and more prescription drugs directly to consumers, advocating them to discuss the focal health condition and the efficacy of the advertised drug with their physicians. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of such direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) on different types of patients. Specifically, we examine the impact of DTCA on patients with different affliction levels and the effectiveness of television versus print ads as an influence on more severely versus mildly afflicted patients to visit their physicians. Briefly, using data from the erectile dysfunction category, we find that DTCA generates a stronger response from new patients with severer versus milder afflictions. We also find that DTCA in print media generate a stronger response from new patients with severer versus milder afflictions whereas DTCA on television is more effective for new patients with milder conditions. We discuss the implications of our findings for policy makers concerned with improving public health as well as for pharmaceutical firms seeking to target different types of patients through print versus television ads.

Intimate partners’ violence is a common occurrence in Pakistan. It has been affected by a host of factors, which are undergoing change with time. This paper is based on forty cases of married couples, some of whom are no more living together. The study highlights various aspects of IPV, including: economic abuse, drugs abuse, psychological complications, marital jealousies, consequences of love or arranged marriage, in-laws’ provocations, sexual jealousies, marital maladjustment, long-distance migration, disability, children’s issues, and tribal/feudal background. As more and more women are getting empowered through socioeconomic processes of change, they do find more options affordable in lieu of a violent and unhappy marriage. The new level of awareness has also helped non-earning women to step out of marriage if it becomes unbearable for them. In this way men also become aggrieved party, hence male victimization is also becoming noticeable. Male victims’ cases are now also highlighted in print media but these are not discussed in academia. This paper presents the IPV situation of a section of Muslim society, ethnically diverse, economically segregated, largely urban, having the aspiration of becoming a developed modern nation, thereby passing through a transition. The findings are presented in a model which may apply to similar social conditions elsewhere.

Newspapers are everywhere so the advertisements. Though challenged by the Internet, the print continues to be a credible media for the advertisers. The present media environment suggests that marketers and audiences have more choices and options than in the past. While the print industry suffers the onslaught of online journalism, the outlook for Indian print media remains favourable and vibrant. Newspapers still enjoy the trust and patronage of advertising brands. The leading national dailies are inundated with advertisements on every page and more recently even the very first page that is confined for breaking news and hard stories also carries the advertisements.

Digital preservation and digital archiving of print media resources in a newspaper organization is a challenging task as well as a rewarding opportunity. This paper makes an attempt to present the case study of the various digital preservation initiatives taken up and implemented by the Times Archives and Knowledge Centre (TAKC) of The Times of India Group. Apart from briefly profiling the TAKC and the features of its archival collection, this study lucidly presents the details of its various digital preservation activities, by highlighting the print media resources digitized; features of the digital archival contents; digital archiving processes; access facilities; usage of digital archives; challenges in digital archiving; opportunities and benefits of digitization, etc. Further, this paper, based on the successful digitization experiences at the TAKC, highlights a number of best practices, which could be useful for similar kind of digitization projects in any newspaper archives and libraries.

This paper argues that European competition law does not allow for the definition of gratuitous markets, and that it is highly unlikely that free products/services can be included in markets with paid products/services. It is also argued that competition law does not apply to truly gratuitous exchanges (“de gratis non curat lex”). This does not mean, however, that free products should not be taken into account in the enforcement of competition law to paid products (e.g. when assessing market power). The conclusions rest on an overall analysis of the highly divergent and contradictory judicial and administrative practice, predominantly from EU legal orders, relating to a wide range of sectors, including TV, radio, print media, online services, software, telephone directories and payment cards.

How is inner city space represented and by whom? Drawing from an extensive framing analysis of print media portrayals of Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside between 1996 and 2008, we offer a detailed assessment of the predominately negative portrayal of the neighbourhood, and the centrality of three frames: medicalization, criminalization, and socialization. Certain social actors are given a privileged position in the media in the representation of the inner city. Outsiders are privileged over insiders, with the neighbourhood constituted as a problematic space and its residents as passive victims. The effect is to further the stigmatization of an already marginalized neighbourhood, and to accentuate the disempowerment of its residents.

This chapter provides an overview of the rise of women and women leaders in the Australian news media and outlines aspects of newsroom culture that continue to hamper women’s career progression. The chapter draws on a recent global survey and literature on the status of women in the news media. The most recent and wide ranging global data shows that while women’s position in the news media workforce (including reporting roles) has changed little in fifteen years, women have made small inroads into key editorial leadership positions. Nevertheless, the relative absence of women in these senior roles remains glaring, particularly in the print media, and points to a hegemonically masculine newsroom culture that works to undermine women’s progress in the industry.

Growing practice of electronic transactions includes both e-commerce and e-consumers. Lack of proper policy standard and specific laws regulating electronic transactions of consumer and numerous cases reported through print media as well as electronic media necessitated the measures for the protection of electronic consumers. In the process of e-commerce e-consumers are looking forward for appropriate consumer protective regulations for the protection of their rights on e-transactions. In this article endeavour has been made to assess and device or improve the existing laws or policies apart from analysis and comparison of usefulness of e-consumers protective mechanism for the protection of consumer’ rights and keeping in view of Consumer Protection Act, 1987 and Contract Act, 1872 in India the article attempts to find out the possible ways for the protection of e-consumers’ rights in general and rights of Indian e-consumers in particular. The article also suggests possible measures to protect the right of consumers during transactions in the virtual world called electronic world, which demonstrates the need for a model that uncompromisingly protect the needs of consumers for their safe electronic transactions.

The UK held its second nationwide referendum, on reform of the electoral system, in May 2011. This paper analyses the quality of debate that preceded the referendum in the print media. It begins by considering how debate quality in the context of a referendum campaign may best be conceptualized. Then, using content analysis of media coverage and drawing where possible on international comparisons, it investigates three aspects of that debate: its quantity; the balance between Yes and No arguments, and the quality of reasoning. It finds that the quantity of debate was comparable to other recent electoral reform referendums. The coverage was balanced overall but not, on the whole, within individual newspapers. The different indicators of the quality of reasoning present a mixed picture. The paper concludes by considering how the analysis could be developed further, notably through more detailed comparison with other cases.

When lobbyist communicator Niira Radia’s conversations were published in print media, industrialist Ratan Tata approached Supreme Court of India seeking blockade of remaining unpublished tapes, invoking right to privacy. The nation and people in general have right to know the public affairs of public persons and murky operations by industrialists, their PR lobbyists, and those in media who subserve their vested interests cannot be secured as ‘privacy’ under Article 21 of Indian Constitution. Public Interest overrides right to privacy.

In this paper we examine the presence of agenda-setting effects by the print media in Argentina from June 2003 to December 2008. Using previously unavailable monthly data on newspapers mentions we test two hypotheses about the relationship between the different agendas. We find support for the hypothesis that there were media effects during our period of analyisis. More specifically, we find that the total number of newspaper mentions of the President positively influenced public confidence in the government. Finally, there is also evidence of a strong and stable relationship between the total number of economic news and leading economic indicators.

In a time of dramatic and rapid change in the global media industry and when technological advances and media concentration are shaping the way news is produced and consumed, little research has focused on how the producers of news are affected by such change. This paper explores narratives of confidence and cynicism as told to me by Australian print news media journalists. I am interested in journalists’ memories and experiences of personal change that arise from an intensified workplace and how neoliberal discourses affect newsroom culture. How do the journalists I interview experience and speak of changes in the newsroom? In what ways is being a journalist different now to when they entered the industry? In effect, how have journalists changed as a result of journalism’s changes? The interviews with 17 print media journalists contain rich narratives with which to explore how participants remember and make sense of industry changes.This paper finds that the intensification of work practices, ethical constraints and gender bias, underpinned by neoliberalism, have aided in creating a cynicism among many of the journalists interviewed. Nevertheless, the majority of interviewees suggest that a career in journalism has increased their personal and/or professional confidence. There are, however, gendered differences in this experience.

Print media coverage of vice presidential candidates is examined from 1984 through 2008 to determine whether gender differences exist in the amount, type, tone, and content of coverage. We find persistent gender differences in mention of dress/appearance, mention of candidate family, gendered policy coverage, and negative tone that disadvantage female candidates. Additionally, female candidates are four times more likely to receive sexist media coverage, and the intensity and volume of sexist coverage increased dramatically from Ferraro’s run in 1984 to Palin’s run in 2008. We also compared Palin’s coverage in Old Media (print) and New Media (blogs) and found that sexist coverage and negative coverage are more pronounced in this new medium. This does not bode well for female candidates considering that New Media is eclipsing Old Media in readership.

Previous literature has provided mixed views on the role of press coverage on market efficiency. On the positive side, it can function as an external disciplinary mechanism that improves corporate governance or as an information intermediary that provides relevant information to a wide audience. On the negative side, media coverage may be inherently biased or a source of judgment biases and sentiment. Using a large hand-collected database of newspaper articles from 1995 to 2004, we find that abnormal press coverage of public firms significantly exaggerates mispricing. Collectively, these results are consistent with the notion that abnormal press coverage generates strong sentiment among investors that is likely to cause the firm's stock to be mispriced. We find that, among firms with uncharacteristically high print media coverage, underpriced firms outperform overpriced firms by more than one percent per month on a risk adjusted basis. When we examine signed mispricing, we find that the effect of abnormal press coverage is more pronounced for overpriced than for underpriced firms, which is consistent with both media bias and the combination of media generated sentiment with binding short-selling constraints. We show that even though both effects co-exist, the media sentiment effect is more pervasive.

Just like private companies depend crucially on their ability to reach customers, policymakers must communicate with private agents to be successful--and much of this communication is channeled through the media. This is especially true for central banks because the effectiveness of monetary policy depends to a large degree on their credibility among the general public. Using the case of the European Central Bank (ECB), the paper analyses the favorableness with which monetary policy decisions are reported upon in the print media. We find that media coverage is, among other things, influenced by the amount of information communicated by the ECB. There are, however, also indications of a critical monitoring role assumed by the media, which tends to report more negatively on ECB policy decisions when inflation exceeds the inflation target.

This brief article discusses the Supreme Court’s decision in Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Tornillo, where a unanimous Court struck down a state law granting a right to reply to political candidates whose personal character or official record have been attacked by newspapers. This right-of-reply statute permitted the attacked candidate to demand that the newspaper print free of charge any reply that the candidate wished to make to the newspaper’s editorial criticisms. By giving the print media a constitutionally protected editorial autonomy, Tornillo dramatically differed from the Court’s treatment of the broadcast media.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the pricing behaviour of print media firms when consumption on reader markets is addictive or habituated. However, not only the reader but also the advertising market has to be considered by a publisher optimising profits. Because print media markets are highly concentrated a monopoly-monopoly model is built, where both markets are of monopolistic structure. Moreover, a monopoly-duopoly model is considered, where only the reader market is monopolistic but the advertising market is of duopolistic structure. To compare the results from the models regarding habit effects, simple static models are presented as a benchmark.

Actors on print media markets face two different (and interrelated) demand curves: the demand for copies and the demand for advertising space. This paper develops a realistic, yet simple, model of print media industries. In contrast to earlier studies, it takes into account that print media firms can neither set advertising space nor its price. A main finding of this paper is that competitive concerns regarding recent concentrations in print media industries are likely to be overstated since a print media firms? cover pricing is limited by its feedback on advertising demand.

This study tests the hypothesis that non-domestic cross-listing is associated with increased firm visibility. We examine visibility changes on the two exchanges with the largest number of non-domestic listings: the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Noting that the costs associated with NYSE listing are greater than those for LSE listing, we also test the hypothesis that non-domestic cross-listing on the NYSE is associated with larger visibility increases than LSE listing. Our proxies for visibility are analyst coverage and media attention. Our tests using analyst coverage generally support our hypothesis that non-domestic cross-listing increases visibility, while tests using media attention provide partial support of the hypothesis. Further empirical tests support the hypothesis that non-domestic cross-listing on the NYSE is associated with a larger visibility increase than on the LSE, which partially compensates firms for the higher costs associated with NYSE listing. All of our results are robust to conditioning on the firm's home country capital market type (developed or emerging); the country's geographical region; analysts' tendencies to initiate coverage on firms with good prospects; and the popularity of a firm's industry or country.