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Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) refer to military systems that employ human-made algorithms to independently identify, search for, and engage targets without human intervention. LAWS refer to autonomous weapons systems with total or at least near-total independence from human control after activation. Although they have existed for decades, in recent years that have been ongoing efforts to develop offensive LAWS, as opposed to defensive ones, in several of the world’s most militarily and technologically advanced countries. The purpose of our paper is to present six perverse consequences of using offensive LAWS. Because LAWS will transform warfare and policing with potentially high, negative costs on human wellbeing, it is crucial to consider these costs as part of the overall evaluation of LAWS.

An unmanned combat aerial vehicle (U.C.A.V), is an unmanned aerial vehicle (U.A.V) that usually carries aircraft ordinances such as missiles, ATGMs, and/or bombs and is used for drone strikes and other military operations. These UCAVs are always under real-time human control, with varying levels of autonomy. Aircraft of this type have no onboard human pilot keeping the safety point of view. As the operator runs the aircraft from a remote terminal, equipment essential for a human pilot is not needed, resulting in a lower weight and a smaller size compared to a manned aircraft. India, Israel, Turkey, and the United States are widely recognized as industry leaders in U.C.A.V technology. Several other countries have operational domestic U.C.A.Vs and many more have imported armed drones or have development programs underway. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle, its components, capabilities, missiles it carries along with its use, and future scope has been done.

Italian abstract: Un recente dibattito della dottrina statunitense a proposito della configurabilita di autonomous business entity sotto forma di Limited Liability Company stimola la riflessione circa la necessita che il diritto commerciale prenda coscienza della potenziale attitudine dei sistemi di AI ad agire quali imprenditori anche in assenza di controllo umano diretto. In questo quadro emergono vari spunti per ulteriori approfondimenti in tema di memberless company e circa i criteri per l’attribuzione della personalita giuridica nonche, piu in generale, in ottica di politica legislativa. English abstract: A recent debate in the US literature regarding the configurability of an autonomous business entity in the form of a Limited Liability Company stimulates reflection on the need for commercial law to become aware of the potential aptitude of AI systems to act as commercial entrepreneurs without direct human control. In this context, various ideas emerge for further insights on the subject of member-less companies and on the criteria for the attribution of legal personality as well as, more generally, in terms of legislative policy.

In this paper, I argue that there is no theoretical bar to the development of autonomous weapon systems, and that their practical benefits must be considered. Further, I argue that meaningful human control, as a guiding principle for the development of smart weapons, is based on fundamentally flawed arguments. I also argue that human control, in itself, is not an adequate check on such autonomous weapons. I finally argue that it is possible to hold an autonomous weapon system responsible for its actions, and that there is a way to enforce punishment and reward schemas.

For centuries human has tried to control the nature to their advantages and to some extent, they have achieved in harnessing the Mother Nature. During the prehistoric times, human had zero knowledge about the nature and its functioning. For them earthquake, storm, volcanic eruptions and other natural calamities were phenomenon beyond their logical comprehension. In those times, human were trying to manage with the nature. As the time passed, human started evolving physically as well as mentally and they started managing nature. The irony of this advancement is that, it brought along with it a series of disasters not known to human before around the world - man-made disasters. The latest man made disaster which comes to our attention is Fukushima Nuclear disaster on 11 March 2011. This man-made disaster was caused by the natural disaster (Tsunami) and this clearly reveals the how unsafe and harmful could nuclear plant be when it gets out of human control. Because of this incident, numerous questions were raised against the safety of the Nuclear Power Plant and number of nuclear powered countries started rethinking on the strategies to ensure safe and clean Nuclear Power Plant. For example Germany decided to shut down its nuclear plants operational by 2033.