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The question of the origin of earthquakes is still not amenable to solution, and geophysicists, having guilty glances, only shrug their shoulders. Time goes by, the Earth flies along its orbit in the milk of the Milky Way, but people still suffer from seismic disasters. The problems of seismologists are particularly acute in simulating the occurrence of earthquake foci and forecasting these terrible phenomena. Finally, the secret of the dungeon made seismologists stop in their hopeless race for success, look around and wonder: what have they studied over the past 100 years if there is still no clear and consistent theory of the origin of earthquakes? Doubts about the results of their work penetrated the world of ordinary people, and it became clear that explaining the process of earthquakes, the scientists wandered into such a jungle that they got lost. As a result, it turned out that the fruit of the era of the classical interpretation of earthquakes, developed by the patriarch of seismology Mr. Reid, turned out to be a deaf dead end. Moreover, it turned out that the theory of elastic deformation of Raid tectonic plates contradicts the fundamental laws of physics [4] and cannot explain the most important thing - where the energy of tremors is taken in the earth's crust and how the battery of earthquakes works. The purpose of this paper is to describe the theory of earthquakes not for seismologists; we no longer have hope for them, but for ordinary people. Moreover, we want to do it in an ordinary language, so that all people far from geophysics would understand what an earthquake is and where nature takes energy for such disasters. We want people to say when mentioning the mysteries of seismology - a piece of cake!

The main finding of this report is that Bulgaria has replaced a system of large, old orphanages with newer, smaller buildings that are still operating as institutions. While the new facilities are officially referred to as “family-like” residences or “small group homes,” DRI’s investigation finds that they are neither small nor are they family homes. In fact, they are mostly 14 bed facilities.1 Many group homes are run by one local authority, leaving a few administrators responsible for dozens of children. In one case, DRI investigators observed three houses grouped together to create what was effectively a congregate living arrangement for 42 children. Some “group homes” are placed in the deserted corridors of the same old orphanage buildings that were supposed to have been closed. These institutions separate children with disabilities from society and contribute to their continued social isolation – leading to a lifetime of segregation for a new generation of people with disabilities. As this report shows, placement in Bulgaria’s group homes exposes children to emotional neglect, inappropriate and potentially damaging models of behavior, and, in some cases, violence, bullying, and other forms of abuse that are common in institutions.

The aim of this paper is to show that general jurisprudence is in no need of reinvention. The sentiment shared by many contemporary legal philosophers that theories about the nature of law have reached a dead end is challenged here by showing that the debates about the ontology of law and about the determinants of legal contents leave many interesting questions open for serious debate. The paper argues that traditional legal positivism is best seen as a theory about the ontological grounding of legal facts, and that a reductive account of this grounding can be provided with a more sophisticated account of the artifact nature of law, aided by some ideas derived from fictionalism. The paper also acknowledges that such a reductive ontology of law faces serious challenges, particularly from the view point of theories about determinants of legal contents. By explaining these challenges and pointing out how they may be met, the paper aims to show that some the age old debates about the nature or law are very much alive and worthy of serious philosophical inquiry.

The confidentiality of international arbitration proceedings and awards is one area with a crying need for corrective hands today. The conflicting needs of confidentiality and transparency in arbitration have compelled badly the courts and law makers to come with the innovations to harmonize the conflict. The road of confidentiality in international arbitration meets a dead end after crossing the barrier of ‘privacy’ as no national or institutional laws provide expressly for confidentiality (barring few exceptions like New Zealand) because of its inherent complications. This article attempts to strike a balance between virtue and vice of confidentiality in the area of arbitration.

Affinity is a term that is bandied about without much thought behind it. So what is an affinity?Affinity is a liking for or attraction to a person, thing or idea.In short, it’s a connection and our connection to our clients is instrumental in our business success. Affinity is what keeps our clients returning … the feeling that we understand them and they us.It is a team feeling, one of common ground and understanding. It’s when someone says, “I know exactly what you mean!”Ideally, affinity should be a two-way street not a dead end, one way road. And when it’s at its best, the client/business relationship is joyful and symbiotic. We care about our clients and they care about us. Everyone should view their clients this way and be proactive in caring for their core concerns.When affinity is at its lowest – the client doesn’t care and neither do we – it’s like ill-fitting dentures. Nothing is right and it’s always painful to deal with. We get to the point where we’re asking why we bother keeping this client around when it’s clear that we are of no value to them.

In the new eugenics, the end of our species as we know it is eagerly anticipated. We are fast approaching an evolutionary dead end and only the miracles of genetic engineering will save us from extinction. But while the new eugenicists approach these innovations with joy and optimism, many others look to them with dread and repugnance. This essay examines reprogenetics from the viewpoints of its most ardent advocates and its most damning critics. The kind of future we envision says much about who we are today, and whether we will embrace or condemn these new possibilities.

"Using representative linked employer-employee data of the German Federal Employment Agency, this paper shows that just one out of seven full-time employees who earned low wages (i.e., less than two-thirds of the median wage) in 1998/99 was able to earn wages above the low-wage threshold in 2003. Bivariate probit estimations with endogenous selection indicate that upward wage mobility is higher for younger and better qualified low-wage earners, whereas women are substantially less successful. We show that the characteristics of the employing firm also matter for low-wage earners' probability of escaping low-paid work. In particular, small plants and plants with a high share of low-wage earners often seem to be dead ends for low-wage earners. The likelihood of leaving the low-wage sector is also low when staying in unskilled and skilled service occupations and in unskilled commercial and administrative occupations. Consequently, leaving these dead-end plants and occupations appears to be an important instrument for achieving wages above the low-wage threshold." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

This paper uses panel data from the UK (BHPS) and Germany (GSOEP) to investigate the wage effect of entering the labour market with a temporary job. Further than the previous literature that studied the effect of the contract type on wage dynamics in the explained part of a wage regression, we also investigate the effect of the starting contract on the variance of unobserved individual effects and random earnings shocks. For this purpose, we decompose earnings into a component determined by initial unobserved earnings ability and experience-related heterogeneity and a component determined by earnings shocks. Our results for Germany, verify the existence of a wage penalty for entering the labour market with a temporary contract. This penalty disappears after 12.5 years for male workers and after 6.5 years for the female workers. In the UK, a similar wage penalty is found for male workers that persists over their working career. In contrast, no wage penalty is found for the British female workers. In the UK, the initial unobserved earnings capacity is higher for workers starting off with a permanent job, while no such difference emerges in Germany. However, this initial unexplained wage inequality decreases faster for workers starting their career with a temporary contract than their colleagues that entered the labour market with a permanent job. Finally, the persistence of earnings shocks is higher for workers entering the labour market with a temporary contract.

The purpose of racial integration was to ensure that African-American children obtained equal access to the quality of education received by whites and denied to Blacks because of their skin color. After Brown, civil rights activists assumed that school districts would capitulate to court-ordered desegregation and open allwhite schools to Black children. Integration, however, did not occur without struggle. Lives were lost. White segregationists terrorized Black children and their families who sought to enforce the desegregation principle. And now, recent studies suggest that racial mixing itself does not necessarily ensure the academic success of Black children; in some instances, it may hinder success. Therefore the question becomes: Are we at a crossroads or a dead end on the issues of whether and how to achieve school integration? If we are at a crossroads, what are the roads available and which ones should we choose? If we have reached a dead end, will we encounter the same circumstances when we turn back as we did on the journey forward?