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Based on the theory of Jones matrix and the condition of eigenmode self-consistency, we analyze the effect of linear stress birefringence of prismon the beam polarization (described with the ellipticity and loss of the eigenmodes) and null drift (described with the output frequency difference of the eigenmodes) in a TRP resonator. It is found that the linear stress birefringence of prisms can cause larger polarization ellipticity for both CW (clockwise) and CCW (counterclockwise) beams. The results may be useful for designing and optimizing the structure of super high precision TRP ring laser gyroscopes.

The safety of under-water risers in drilling platform is of great significance. A packaged fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for real-time stress monitoring is designed for the applications on oil drilling risers under 3000 meters deep water. A copper tube which is the main component of the sensor has a small hole along its axes and a groove at its each end. The bare FBG is passed through the small hole and fixed to its ends by epoxy resin. Then the copper tube is packaged by filling the groove with structural adhesive. In order to avoid that the outer water-pressure is applied on the epoxy resin through the structural adhesive, a gap between the two types of glues is left. The relationships between the stress of the riser and the tension, pressure, temperature of the single sensor are discussed, respectively. The measured tension sensitivity is 136.75 pm/KN while the minimum R-square value is 0.99997. The experimental results also show that there is a good linear response between water-pressure and the Bragg wavelength from 0 to 30MPa, and the sensor can even survive under the pressure more than 30MPa. In addition, the Bragg wavelength shifts linearly with the increasing temperature from 0 to 40°C. So, the pressure and temperature can be easily compensated if another sensor without tension is used.

It is very important to monitor the lateral and axial strains of drilling riser for evaluation its health in deepwater. An optical fiber strain sensing system based on optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) used for monitoring the strain of drilling riser is presented. The optical fiber strain sensors are made by embedding FBGs into thin columned fiber reinforced polymer which protect FBGs from seawater corrosion. Four optical fiber strain sensors are installed parallel to the riser axis and arranged at 90° angles around the riser by a home-made metal belt, at the same time, twelve resistance strain gauges are pasted near the sensors around the drilling riser at 30° angles as reference sensors. A scaled drilling riser about 1 meter long and 0.245m diameter is pressed in the lateral and axial direction in the range of 0-400KN, the experimental results show that the relative error between optical fiber strain sensors and resistance strain gauges is less than 6%.

Differential laser gyro is an ideal equipment to solve the "lock-in" behavior. The ring cavity must be low loss and the reflectivity of mirrors in gyro must be more than 99.99%. But the insertion of a piece of quartz glass and a Faraday cell in the cavity will broaden the "lock-in" area due to additional loss, so it is very important to measure ultra-high reflectivity of mirrors and the loss of transparent glass plate used in gyro. 632.8nm He-Ne laser is the most suitable light to travel around the ring cavity in gyro, so the traditional cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) must be improved by using continuous-wave (CW) He-Ne laser instead of pulsed one. The results show that the single-pass loss through the glass plate can be kept below 3.0×10 -11 cm -1 . Using combination of linear and folded cavity ring down spectroscopy, the loss such as absorption of gas in the cavity are counteracted due to the equalized length of cavity, so the reflectivity of the mirrors is measured with high accuracy. The ring down time of the cavity with and without a sample is obtained respectively, and then the total loss of the measured sample is calculated. The results show that the improved CRDS is suitable for accurately measuring low loss of medium and reflectivity of mirrors.