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The software architecture plays an important role in distributed control system of astronomical projects because many subsystems and components must work together in a consistent and reliable way. We have utilized a customized architecture design approach based on “4+1 view model" in order to design INOCS software architecture. In this paper, after reviewing the top level INOCS architecture, we present the software architecture model of INOCS inspired by “4+1 model”, for this purpose we provide logical, process, development, physical, and scenario views of our architecture using different UML diagrams and other illustrative visual charts. Each view presents INOCS software architecture from a different perspective. We finish the paper by science data operation of INO340 and the concluding remarks.

Integrated Sensor Architecture (ISA) is designed in response to stovepiped integration approaches. The design, based on the principles of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) and Open Architectures, addresses the problem of integration, and is not designed for specific sensors or systems. The use of SOA and Open Architecture approaches has led to a flexible, extensible architecture. Using these approaches, and supported with common data formats, open protocol specifications, and Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) system architecture documents, an integration-focused architecture has been developed. ISA can help move the Department of Defense (DoD) from costly stovepipe solutions to a more cost-effective plug-and-play design to support interoperability.

In this paper we present a technical solution that provides microcontroller-scale devices with compatibility to the open-standard Lean Services Architecture used in the UK MoD Land Open Systems Architecture. The paper describes how low powered microcontrollers can achieve interoperability by using the Lean Services on-the-wire binary format. We show how the use of the Micro Services Architecture by microcontroller devices increases the number of systems available for integration by a factor of 20, providing interoperability from the largest enterprise system down to tiny devices in the tactical environment using a single and consistent technique. The variations between the Lean Services Architecture and the Micro Services Architecture are described. The rational is explained for the decisions made in adapting to the very low computing power available in some microcontrollers. The described technique provides; a) service orientated architecture interoperability for microcontroller-level devices; b) compatibility with the Lean Services Architecture; c) compatibility with LOSA allowing microcontroller devices to interoperate with other LOSA systems both on a local area network and across tactical radio links; d) roadmap for future enhancements; e) software toolkits to allow manufacturers to integrate the micro services architecture into their microcontroller driven devices. The architecture re-uses existing Lean Services techniques and leverages the UK MoD Generic Soldier Architecture and LOSA.

Grid architecture is the frame of the grid environment, and the grid security architecture is the indemnity of the grid architecture. The reasonable grid architecture is the core of the establishment of good grid. Only could they establish the reasonable grid architecture, they can design and build the good grid system. In this paper we put the security architecture into the small grid environment which is set up in a school’s lab. This experiment provides the useful experience for us to put the security architecture into the actual grid environment and make the big contribution for the further study of grid.

We present an architecture for layered sensing which is constructed on open source and government off-the-shelf software. This architecture shows how leveraging existing open-source software allows for practical graphical user interfaces along with the underlying database and messaging architecture to be rapidly assimilated and utilized in real-world applications. As an example of how this works, we present a system composed of a database and a graphical user interface which can display wide area motion imagery, ground-based sensor data and overlays from narrow field of view sensors in one composite image composed of sensor data and other metadata in separate layers on the display. We further show how the development time is greatly reduced by utilizing open-source software and integrating it into the final system design. The paper describes the architecture, the pros and cons of the open-source approach with results for a layered sensing application with data from multiple disparate sensors.

This paper presents a new reconfigurable architecture created in FPGA which is optimized for DSP algorithms like digital filters or digital transforms. The architecture tries to combine advantages of typical architectures like DSP processors and datapath architecture, while avoiding their drawbacks. The architecture is built from blocks called Operational Units (OU). Each Operational Unit contains the Control Unit (CU), which controls its operation. The Operational Units may operate in parallel, which shortens the processing time. This structure is also highly flexible, because all OUs may operate independently, executing their own programs. User may customize connections between units and modify architecture by adding new modules.

This paper introduces component based open middleware architecture implemented by ADD(Agency for Defense Development) to accommodate new technology evolution of unmanned autonomous system. The proposed open system architecture can be considered as a standard interface which defines the messages and operations between software components on application layer level, and its purpose is to ensure the portability of future technology onto multi-platforms as well as the inter-operability domains. In this architecture, the domain is defined as the space where several different robots are operated, and each robot is defined as a subsystem within the domain. Each subsystem, i.e., robot, is composed of several nodes, and then each node is composed of various components including node manager and communicator. The implemented middleware uses reference architecture from JAUS (Joint Architecture for Unmanned System) as a guidance. Among the key achievements of this research is the development of general node manager which makes it possible to easily accommodate a new interface or the new core technology developed on the application layer by providing a platform-independent communication interface between each subsystem and the components. This paper introduces reference architecture and middleware applied in XAV (eXperimental Autonomous Vehicle) developed in ADD. In addition, the performance of autonomous navigation and system design characteristics are briefly introduced.

The Airborne Network Definition (AND) project had the goal of creating and testing a robust, efficient network architecture networking all elements of the battlefield. This effort has since been generalized to fit the goals of the Mobile Edge Network System Architecture (MENSA) effort. The network is designed to be self-contained, attaching to fixed backbone infrastructure whenever possible. The fundamental building block of the architecture is the Small Combat Network (SCN), which integrates heterogeneous ground and air platforms, facilitating collaborative applications such as Blue Force Tracking, Cooperative Sensing and Targeting. The architecture uses the concept of an IP core to network unlike domains (radio types) and to connect the SCN to the backbone and the Global Information Grid (GIG). This paper describes the requirements of the network and outlines the technical design of the SCN architecture. We present step-by-step descriptions of a communication on the SCN which highlights some of the key features of the architecture. We present results of a simulation that applies our proposed architecture to realistic warfighting scenarios. Results show that the architecture enables cooperative applications and point to future work that will design and evaluate a deployable AN network architecture.

The concept of a new tree-based architecture for networked multi-player games was proposed by Matuszek to improve scalability in network traffic at the same time to improve reliability. The architecture (we refer it as "Tree-Based Server- Middlemen-Client architecture") will solve the two major problems in ad-hoc wireless networks: frequent link failures and significance in battery power consumption at wireless transceivers by using two new techniques, recursive aggregation of client messages and subscription-based propagation of game state. However, the performance of the TBSMC architecture has never been quantitatively studied. In this paper, the TB-SMC architecture is compared with the client-server architecture using simulation experiments. We developed an event driven simulator to evaluate the performance of the TB-SMC architecture. In the network traffic scalability experiments, the TB-SMC architecture resulted in less than 1/14 of the network traffic load for 200 end users. In the reliability experiments, the TB-SMC architecture improved the number of successfully delivered players' votes by 31.6, 19.0, and 12.4% from the clientserver architecture at high (failure probability of 90%), moderate (50%) and low (10%) failure probability.

We propose an application specific optoelectronic parallel computing architecture as a solution of the optical computing system to demonstrate the usefulness of optics in information processing system of near future. Solving optimization problems based on the genetic algorithm is studied as a target of the proposed architecture. The composition of the proposed architecture is described. Validity of the operation of the proposed architecture is verified by computer simulation. Processing performance of the system based on the architecture is analyzed and its advantageous conditions comparing with the electronic multiprocessor system are clarified. An optical image broadcaster is constructed to demonstrate the capability of optics in the system and the experimental results are presented.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

In spite of the simple classification concept, impressing performances have been reported using the n-tuple architecture in combination with a very simple training strategy. In general, however, the performance of the n- tuple classifier is highly dependent on the choice of input connections and on the encoding of the input data. Accordingly, the simple architecture needs to be accompanied with design tools for obtaining a suitable architecture. Due to the simplicity of the architecture, it is simple to perform leave-one-out cross-validation tests and extensions of the concept. Therefore, it is also possible to operate with design methods that make extensively use of such tests. This paper describes such design algorithms and especially introduces a simple design strategy that allows the n-tuple architecture to perform satisfactorily in cases with skewed class priors. It can also help to resolve conflicts in the training material. The described methods are evaluated on classification problems from the European StatLog project. It is hereby shown that the design tools extends the competitiveness of the n-tuple classification method.

Developments in the Data Fusion domain force the usage of a software architecture which provides reliable, modifiable, platform and operating system independent, distributed, and non-proprietary program development environments to test and realize the actual fusion system. With such an architecture, domain specific 'fusion' problems can be the focus of attention and new approaches can be applied easily to the existing systems. A preliminary evaluation of a software architecture based on Common Object Request Broker Architecture for Command and Control Systems has been presented from both performance and architectural point of view. Although CORBA and its implementations offer a platform, independent of operating systems with a non- proprietary software architecture for large scale system, there are still some important missing issues such as reliability, fault-tolerance and real-time/fast enough QoS behavior of the system. In this study, we present our experience and efforts in designing and implementing an infrastructure, and based on this infrastructure, a software architecture for data fusion and command and control systems, which provides a reliable, fault-tolerant, distributed and scalable programming environment by utilizing currently available Commercial of the Shelf products as much as possible.

We propose an optoelectronic parallel-matching architecture enhancing processing capability of parallel computing systems. The parallel-matching architecture provides concurrent data search and synchronization as well as fast communication capability.

Kodiak is a new member of StorageTek's Online+ family of cached direct access storage devices (DASD). Kodiak attaches to large scale IBM 370/390 architecture and compatible computers, provides exceptional performance and capacity and is fully fault tolerant. This paper first outlines the goal we had for developing Kodiak. Then it explains the hardware and software architecture with emphasis on how the architecture implements the goals.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

A parallel architecture for rule-based systems is generally based on techniques that reduce the execution time of a production cycle, match- select-act cycle. With these techniques, speedups in rule-based systems are limited to tenfold. We investigate a new approach to achieve higher speedups by developing a computer architecture that exploits parallelism at much higher levels. This high-level parallel architecture is based on a semantic network representation and message passing. This architecture closes the semantic-gap that exists between the application and its implementation and yields higher speedups. To demonstrate our approach, we have chosen the VLSI architecture simulation application which has inherent parallelism and demands large execution times on conventional computers. We performed functional simulations for two applications and measured close to linear speedups. In this paper, we present the applications, knowledge representation scheme, architecture suitable for this set of applications, and speedup measurements.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Data flow sequencing and the directed graph program representation provide two important tools for the development of computer architectures which can exploit problem parallelism. Classical (control flow) architectures deal efficiently with other problems such as serial sequences and data storage which are not handled as well by a data flow architecture. A hybrid architecture which incorporates features of a data flow architecture along with features of a control flow architecture has the potential of becoming an effective parallel architecture for a wide class of problems.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.