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1. Development of a prototype of the Tomo-e Gozen wide-field CMOS camera

Author

Kiyoshi Mori, Nozomu Tominaga, Tomoki Morokuma, Shiro Ikeda, Yuki Kikuchi, Yuki Sarugaku, Hidenori Takahashi, Takao Soyano, Shin-ichiro Okumura, Mikiya Sato, Tomonori Totani, Toshihiro Kasuga, Seitaro Urakawa, Naoto Kobayashi, Kentaro Osawa, Shigeyuki Sako, Ryou Osawa, Hiroyuki Mito, Mikio Morii, Noriyuki Matsunaga, Masaomi Tanaka, Makoto Yoshikawa, Toshikazu Shigeyama, Mitsuru Kokubo, Ataru Tanikawa, Hideyo Kawakita, Hiroki Onozato, Fumihiko Usui, Yoshifusa Ita, Kentaro Motohara, Yoshikazu Nakada, Tsutomu Aoki, Makoto Ichiki, Jun-ichi Watanabe, Ko Arimatsu, Yuki Mori, Yuki Taniguchi, Kazuma Mitsuda, Ken'ichi Tarusawa, Takashi Miyata, Jumpei Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Maehara, and Mamoru Doi

Subjects
Microlens, Physics, CMOS sensor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Schmidt camera, Frame rate, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Cardinal point, CMOS, law, 0103 physical sciences, Time domain, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Tomo-e Gozen is an extremely wide-field optical camera for the Kiso 1.0-m Schmidt telescope. It is capable of taking consecutive frames with a field-of-view of 20 deg2 and a sub-second time-resolution, which are achieved by 84 chips of 2k×1k CMOS sensor. This camera adopts unconventional designs including a lightweight structure, a nonvacuumed and naturally-air cooled system, front-side-illuminated CMOS sensors with microlens arrays, a sensor alignment along a spherical focal plane of the telescope, and massive readout electronics. To develop technical components necessary for the Tomo-e Gozen and confirm a feasibility of its basic design, we have developed a prototype-model (PM) of the Tomo-e Gozen prior to the final-model (FM). The Tomo-e PM is equipped with eight chips of the CMOS sensor arranged in a line along the RA direction, covering a sky area of 2.0 deg2. The maximum frame rate is 2 fps. The total data production rate is 80 MByte sec-1 at 2 fps, corresponding to approximately 3 TByte night-1. After laboratory testing, we have successfully obtained consecutive movie data at 2 fps with the Tomo-e PM in the first commissioning run conducted in the end of 2015.

Published
2016

2. Development of a real-time data processing system for a prototype of the Tomo-e Gozen wide field CMOS camera

Author

Toshikazu Shigeyama, Mamoru Doi, Tomonori Totani, Kentaro Motohara, Yoshikazu Nakada, Hidenori Takahashi, Mitsuru Kokubo, Ataru Tanikawa, Kazuma Mitsuda, Hiroyuki Maehara, Yuki Mori, Yuki Sarugaku, Makoto Ichiki, Mikiya Sato, Ken'ichi Tarusawa, Masaomi Tanaka, Shin-ichiro Okumura, Seitaro Urakawa, Tomoki Morokuma, Jumpei Yamaguchi, Shigeyuki Sako, Naoto Kobayashi, Noriyuki Matsunaga, Nozomu Tominaga, Takao Soyano, Yuki Taniguchi, Tsutomu Aoki, Jun-ichi Watanabe, Hiroki Onozato, Fumihiko Usui, Takashi Miyata, Yuki Kikuchi, Hideo Kawakita, Makoto Yoshikawa, Ryou Ohsawa, Hiroyuki Mito, Ko Arimatsu, Yoshifusa Ita, Kiyoshi Mori, Shiro Ikeda, Mikio Morii, Toshihiro Kasuga, and Kentaro Osawa

Subjects
CMOS sensor, Pixel, Computer science, 020204 information systems, Computer graphics (images), 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Real-time data, Schmidt camera, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

The Tomo-e Gozen camera is a next-generation, extremely wide field optical camera, equipped with 84 CMOS sensors. The camera records about a 20 square degree area at 2 Hz, providing “astronomical movie data”. We have developed a prototype of the Tomo-e Gozen camera (hereafter, Tomo-e PM), to evaluate the basic design of the Tomo-e Gozen camera. Tomo-e PM, equipped with 8 CMOS sensors, can capture a 2 square degree area at up to 2 Hz. Each CMOS sensor has about 2.6 M pixels. The data rate of Tomo-e PM is about 80 MB/s, corresponding to about 280 GB/hour. We have developed an operating system and reduction softwares to handle such a large amount of data. Tomo-e PM was mounted on 1.0-m Schmidt Telescope in Kiso Observatory at the University of Tokyo. Experimental observations were carried out in the winter of 2015 and the spring of 2016. The observations and software implementation were successfully completed. The data reduction is now in execution.

Published
2016

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