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Herein, we report the in situ polymerization of 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (15DAN) and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone (14DAA) on the surface of reduced graphite oxide (RGO). Synthesized RGO-P15DAN and RGO-P14DAA were characterized by FTIR, Raman, SEM, TGA and XRD. The adsorption capacity and adsorptivity of the synthesized composites were investigated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) using 100 ppm aqueous solution of Pb(2+) ions. Further, we compared the results of the composites with those of poly 1,5-(diaminonaphthalene) (P15DAN), poly 1,4-(diaminoanthraquinone) (P14DAA), RGO, graphite oxide (GO) and graphite. Among the tested adsorbents, RGO-P15DAN demonstrated the high adsorptivity., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA) was successfully grafted to carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanosheets. The HA grafted CNTs and HA-graphene nanosheets were characterized using FT-IR, TGA, SEM and X-ray diffraction. The HA grafted CNTs and graphene nanosheets (CNTs-HA and Gr-HA) were further used to examine the proliferation and differentiation rate of temperature-sensitive human fetal osteoblastic cell line (hFOB 1.19). Total protein assays and western blot analysis of osteocalcin expression were used as indicators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Results indicated that hFOB 1.19 cells proliferate and differentiate well in treatment media containing CNTs-HA and graphene-HA. Both CNTs-HA and graphene-HA could be promising nanomaterials for use as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The adsorption efficiency and kinetics of removal of lead in presence of graphite oxide (GO) was determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The GO was prepared by the chemical oxidation of graphite and characterized using FTIR, SEM, TGA and XRD. The adsorption efficiency of GO for the solution containing 50, 100 and 150 ppm of Pb(2+) was found to be 98%, 91% and 71% respectively. The adsorption ability of GO was found to be higher than graphite. Therefore, the oxidation of activated carbon in removal of heavy metals may be a viable option to reduce pollution in portable water., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were effectively functionalized through grafting with chitosan (CTS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Prior to grafting reaction, the carboxylated SWNCTs (SWNCTs-COOH) were obtained by treating pristine CNTs with a mixture of 3:1 (v/v) H(2)SO(4) and HNO(3), and the successive treatment of SWNCTs-COOH with SOCl(2) yielded the acylated CNTs (CNTs-COCl). The functionalized derivatives of CNTs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Both CTS and PMMA grafted CNTs showed better dispersability in acetic acid and tetrahydrofuran, in addition to higher stability in solution., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Herein a facile hydrothermal approach is used to construct carbon coated TiO2 nanoparticles employing dextrose as the source of carbon. The procedure is operated at a low temperature of 200 °C. Fourier infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the successful coating of carbon on TiO2 nanoparticles. The phase composition of TiO2 and carbon coated TiO2 nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction and the surface morphology was analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The existence of carbon coating on TiO2 nanoparticles was revealed by thermogravimetric analysis through different thermograms exhibited for TiO2 and carbon coated TiO2 nanoparticles. The reported method offers a simple and efficient approach for production of carbon coated TiO2 nanoparticles., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction between 2,3-dicyano-1,4-naphthoquinone (DCNQ) and 3,4-dimethylaniline (3,4-DMA) is studied in chloroform, dichloromethane and 1:1 (v/v) mixture of chloroform and dichloromethane. The rate of formation of the product was measured as a function of time using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The formation constant (K) and molar extinction coefficient (ɛ) values for the formation of EDA complex were evaluated in the temperature range of 20-35°C. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (k1) and the second-order rate constant (k2) for the disappearance of EDA complex and for the formation of product were evaluated. The activation parameters (ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG#) of the reaction were determined by temperature dependence of rate constants using the Arrhenius plots. The effect of relative permittivity of the medium on the reaction is discussed. The observed results indicate that formation of final product proceeds through initial formation of EDA complex as an intermediate. The product of the reaction was purified by column chromatography method and identified as 3-(N-3,4-dimethyl-phenylamino)-2-cyano-1,4-naphthoquinone by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy. On the basis of kinetic, analytical and spectroscopic results, a plausible mechanism for the formation of EDA complex and its transformation into product is proposed., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The rapid interaction between 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (DClNQ) and n-butylamine results in the formation of 2N(n-butylamino)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone as the final product. The reaction is found to proceed through the initial formation of charge-transfer (CT) complex as an intermediate. The final product of the reaction has been isolated and characterized using FTIR, H1 and C13 NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The rate of formation of product has been measured as a function of time in different halocarbon solvents, viz., chloroform, dichloromethane and 1:1 (v/v) mixture of two solvents. The pseudo first order and second order rate constants at various temperatures for the transformation process were evaluated from the absorbance time data. The activation parameters (E(a), DeltaS#, DeltaH#, and DeltaG#) were obtained from temperature dependence of rate constants. The influence of dielectric constant on the properties of reaction was discussed and the probable course of reaction is presented.

The donor-acceptor complexes between 2,3-dichloro-5-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone (DClNNQ) and some methyl substituted anilines were investigated by spectrophotometric method. This investigation was carried out in three different chlorinated solvents viz., chloroform, dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Experimental evidences shows the formation of 1:2 (A:D) complexes but not 1:1 complexes. The calculated values of the oscillator strength and transition moment confirms this suggestion. The stoichiometry of the complexes was unaffected by the variation of temperature over a small interval and also change in solvent. The thermodynamic and spectroscopic parameters were evaluated in all the three solvents for the formation of CT-complexes. The influence of used solvents on the thermodynamic and spectroscopic parameters was investigated. The strength of the donors was also investigated.