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The novel 3-phenylpyridinium hydrogensquarate (1) has been synthesized and its structure and properties are elucidated spectroscopically, thermally and structurally, using single crystal X-ray diffraction, linear-polarized solid-state IR-spectroscopy, UV-spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, DTA and ESI MS. Quantum chemical calculations were used to obtain the electronic structure, vibrational data and electronic spectrum. 3-Phenylpyridinium hydrogensquarate, crystallizes in the space group P−1 and the ions in the unit cell are joined into layers by intermolecular NH⋯O＝C(Sq) bonds with bond lengths of 2.625 and 2.626 Å, respectively. Hydrogentartarates form dimers by strong O＝COH⋯OCO interactions (2.499 Å). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We report the synthesis, spectroscopic and structural elucidation of two prolinamide derivatives of squaric acid, i.e. prolinamide ester amide of squaric acid ethyl ester (1) and prolinamide diamide of squaric acid dihydrate (2). Both compounds crystallize in non-centrosymmetric space groups, monoclinic P21 (1) and orthorhombic P212121 (2), respectively. For first time in the literature the crystal structure of homodiamide of amino acid amide of squaric acid is reported. The data for heterodiamides is also absent. Supramolecular zig-zag chains by hydrogen bonds of H2N–C=O⋯HNH (3.020 Å) and HNH⋯O=C(Sq) (2.972 Å) types with the participation of amide and squaric acid (Sq) fragments, –C=O–NH2 and O=C(Sq) are refined in (1). A helix supramolecular structure is formed in (2) by moderate intermolecular HNH⋯O=C(NH2) hydrogen bond with length of 2.947 Å. The two crystallographical non-equivalent water molecules stabilized the helix by interactions of types HOH⋯O=C(Sq) (2.917 Å), HOH⋯O=C(NH2) (2.899 Å), H2O⋯NH2(C=O) (2.972 Å), respectively. Optical and magnetic properties are investigated with a view to explain the correlation structure-properties of the newly synthesized molecules. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The linear-dichroic infrared (IR-LD) spectroscopy of oriented solid samples as suspension in nematic liquid crystal have been carried out for experimental IR-band assignment and structural information of 2-{5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)vinyl]cyclohex-2-enylidene} malononitrile polymorphs. The last data have been compared with known crystallographic ones, thus determining the validity of IR-LD spectral conclusions as well as its possibility to determination of Davydov''s splitting effect and separation of pairs of maxima corresponding to non-equivalent molecules included in the unit cell of given compound. The experimental structural and spectroscopic data in our case are supported with theoretical DFT ones, obtaining both the electronic structure and vibrational frequencies in gas phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A distortion of the aromatic character and stabilization of the imino-form as a result of the protonation of 4-dimethylaminopyridine was established by IR-, UV- and 1H NMR-spectral analysis of 4-diaminopyridinium hydrogensquarate. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out at MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory and a 6-311++G** basis set with a view to determining the changes in geometrical parameters and IR-spectroscopic characteristics resulting from Npy protonation. Linear-dichroic IR-spectroscopy coupled with the orientation techniques of solid samples as liquid crystal suspensions and melted solid polycrystalline films was applied for the identification of the IR-bands, characteristic for the structural fragments of the neutral and imino-form of the pyridine derivative. The spectral results were compared with the structure, obtained by a single crystal X-ray analysis. The salt contains dimmers of hydrogensquarate anions and Npy protonated cations of which the former are stabilized by strong intermolecular OH…O interactions (2.552Å and 143.1(2)°). The 4-diaminopyridinium cation interacts with the anion through moderate NH…O bonds (2.729Å and 165.0(0)°). Individual cations are π–π stacked with their neighbors at a distance of 3.406Å. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Counterions affect on the substructures formation in the case of the merocyanine dye, 1-methyl-4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)]piridinium] hydrogensquarate both in gas and condense phase. Spectroscopically and structural elucidation of these aggregates have been performed, using solid-state conventional and linear-polarized IR-spectroscopy of oriented colloids as a nematic liquid crystal suspension, UV–vis spectroscopy, HPLC tandem ESI mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, TGV and DSC. Quantum chemical DFT calculations have been carried out as well. Experimental and theoretical data are compared with analogous ones of corresponding iodide salt of dye studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: 3-Ethylamino-2-(4-nitro-benzoyl)-but-2-enoic acid phenylamide is synthesized, isolated, spectroscopical and structural characterized by means of linear-polarized IR-spectroscopy (IR-LD) of oriented solids as a colloidal suspension in nematic liquid crystal. The experimental IR-band assignment and structural information are supported by quantum chemical calculations at MP2 and B3LYP level of theory and 6-311++G** basis set. The geometry is characterized by two inramolecular hydrogen bonds of NH…Ond lengths of 2.589 and 3.449Å. The NHO angles are 142.1(3)° and 125.8(4)°, respectively. A transoide configuration of amide fragments is predicted with a torsion NH–Cf 150.6°. Phenyl fragments are mutually perpendicular oriented closing an angle of 92.6°. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: l-Tyrosine-containing dipeptides valyl-tyrosine (H-Val-Tyr-OH) and tyrosyl-alanine (H-Tyr-Ala-OH) are characterized structurally by means of quantum chemical ab initio calculations and solid-state linear-dichroic infrared (IR-LD) spectroscopy. The IR-characteristic bands are assigned by application of reducing-difference procedure for polarized IR-spectra interpretation. Infrared data obtained are supported as well by the made vibrational analysis. The structures of both peptides are predicted on the basis of conformational analysis and structural information, obtained by the shown IR-spectroscopic tool. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: By means of IR-LD spectroscopy of oriented as suspension in nematic liquid crystal solids, a detailed IR-bands assignment and a stereo-structural prediction of codeine, codeinone and N-norcodeine have been carried out. The data are compared with known crystallographic ones of codeine and codeinone obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Infrared (4000–100 cm-1) spectra of aminomethyl-dimethyl-phosphine oxide and 15N-aminomethyl-dimethyl-phosphine oxide have been measured. Geometric parameters (bond distances and angles), net electronic charges and vibrational spectroscopic data of both compounds calculated at various levels of theory (B3LYP/6-31G* and Møeller–Plesset perturbational theory (MP2)/6-31G*) are reported. The theoretical spectral results are discussed mainly in terms of comparison with infrared (4000–100 cm-1) spectral data. Better coincidence was achieved with the frequencies calculated at the MP2/6-31G* level: the standard deviation is 16 cm-1. The calculated isotopic frequency shifts, induced by the 15N labeling, are in good accordance with the measured ones. Complete vibrational assignment is made with the help of MP2 force field calculations. Data obtained here are used to reassign some of the vibrational frequencies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The FTIR spectra (4000–100 cm−1) and Raman spectra (3500–30 cm−1) of 2-[5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-phenyl-vinil)-cyclohex-2-enylidene]-malononitrile in solid state were measured. In addition, the structure and harmonic vibrational frequencies of this molecule were theoretically evaluated using B3LYP density functional methods. The computed vibrational frequencies are used to determine the types of molecular motions associated with each of the experimental bands observed. Bond length alternation (BLA) was established. Comparison with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of this computational method to describe the vibrational modes in this type of “push–pull” systems with potential non-linear optical applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The FTIR spectra of pyridinium-betaine of squaric acid in 4000–100 cm−1 frequency region in solid state were measured. In addition, the structure and harmonic vibrational frequencies of this molecule were theoretically evaluated using restricted Hartree–Fock and B3LYP density functional methods. The computed vibrational frequencies are used to determine the types of molecular motions associated with each of the experimental bands observed. Comparison with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of these computational methods to describe the vibrational modes in these highly polar strained ring compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Geometry and vibrational spectroscopic data of benzil-d0 benzil-d10 and benzil-18O calculated at various levels of theory (RHF/6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31G*, BLYP/6-31G*) are reported. The theoretical results are discussed mainly in terms of the comparisons with infrared (4000–100 cm−1) and Raman (4000–50 cm−1) spectral data. The calculated isotopic frequency shifts, induced by the 18O- and d10-labeling, are in a good agreement with the measured values. A complete vibrational assignment was made with the help of ab initio force field calculations. The data thus obtained were used for reassigning some vibrational frequencies. The results of the optimized molecular structure obtained on the basis of RHF and the DFT calculations are presented and compared with the experimental X-ray diffraction for the benzil-d0 single crystal. It turns out that the best structural parameters are predicted by the B3LYP/6-31G* method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new stilbazolium dye 4-{(E)-2-[4-(dimethylamino)naphthalen-1-yl]ethenyl}-1-methylquinolinium iodide monohydrate (DANSQI) having enlarged π-conjugated system was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman, UV–Vis, Fluorescence, 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to obtain electronic structure and vibrational data, using DFT. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21 /n, with a =8.0751(14), b =25.839(4), c =10.9031(15) Å, V =2141.4(6) Å3, and Z =4 (at 300(2) K). The unit cell contains four molecules of the dye, participating in weak intermolecular interactions. The cation is nearly flat with a deviation of the planarity of 5.08 (1)°. The dye investigated is the first stilbazolium iodide containing water molecule in the solid state therefore the N-dimethylamino group declines significantly from planarity, as indicated by C13ph name="sbnd" />C2n angle of 16.08°. The dye studied shows solvatochromism of 84nm in visible region and very large Stokes shift up to 253nm. The intensity of fluorescence bands strongly depends on solvent polarity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Structure, magnetic and optical properties of tetraphenylborate salts of 2,5-[1-methyl-4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]piridinium]-propane and butane are performed in gas and condense phase by means of solution and solid-state conventional and linear-polarized IR-spectroscopy of oriented colloids in nematic liquid crystal suspension, UV–vis and fluorescence methods, HPLC tandem ESI mess spectrometry (MS/MS), 1H, 13C and 1H–1H COSY NMR, TGV and DSC methods. Quantum chemical DFT calculations are used for performing of the structures, optical and nonlinear optical properties of the studied compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Structural and spectroscopic elucidation of merocyanine dye, 2,5-[1-metyl-4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)]piridinium]-hexane tetraphenylborate, is performed in gas and condense phase by means of solution and solid-state conventional and linear-polarized IR-spectroscopy of oriented colloids in nematic liquid crystal suspension, UV–vis and fluorescence methods, HPLC MS/MS tandem and ESI mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C and 1H–1H COSY NMR, TGV and DSC methods. Quantum chemical DFT calculations are performed for structural optimization and spectroscopic properties prediction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The IR-spectroscopic properties of three esters of 1-coumarinylbenzylphosphonic acid are elucidated both in solution and in solid-state. Linear-polarized IR-spectroscopy of oriented colloid suspensions in nematic host is used for experimental IR-characteristic band assignment in solid-state. Theoretical quantum chemical DFT calculations at B3LYP level of theory and 6-31++G** basis set are carried. Theoretical electronic structure and vibrational properties of compounds studied are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]