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This article presents information on program schedule of the Southwestern Social Science Association annual convention, held in April 1949, at Fort Worth, Texas. The first session of the convention began at 9 a.m. on April 15, 1949 on the topic of accounting. Some papers presented in the session are: "Accounting of Social Security," by Z.E. Avery; "A Uniform Plan for Teaching Elementary Accounting Within the College or University," by Zeb Freeman; and Corporate Reorganizations Under Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act," by Reginald Rushing. Panel discussion on regional research related to agricultural economics was conducted o the topic "Financing Regional Research," and "Organization for Regional research." Some other papers presented on topics like economics, geography, government are: "Inflation and Government Policy," by H.L. McCracken; "Competition As a Concept and a Guide to Policy," by F. Howard Forsyth; "New Gulf, Texas: The World's Largest Sulphur Mine," by John I. Stroup: and others.

The article provides information about the twenty-second Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Social Science Association held on April 11 and 12, 1941 at Dallas, Texas. On Friday, April 11, Accounting Luncheon Meeting was held in Room 3. Earl A. Sailers of Louisiana State University was the Chairman. Round-Table Discussion was held on the Present Status of "Principles of Accounting." In sociology section, meeting on "Social Standards in a Changing Society" was held in Room 428. Fred C. Watts of the Oklahoma Baptist University acted as the Chairman. William T. Chambers of Stephen F. Austin College was the chairman for the Geography Section. General discussion on "Industrialization in the Southwest," was presented by Elmer Johnson from the University of Texas and "The Paper and Pulp Industry of Texas," by Victor Schoffelmayer, The Dallas Morning News. In psychology section, meetings were held on "The Relation of Dominance Scores to Level of Aspiration in Mental Test Performance," and "The Influence of Number of Lists to be Learned upon Learning and Retention."

This article focuses on a legislation on marking ballots. The ballot law of every state contains a section on how to mark the paper ballot. This section, brief in some states and detailed in others, covers the following points: the method of marking, materials to be used, the use of the write-in privilege and of pasters, and instructions to be printed on the ballot. For this study, which is limited to general elections, the laws and the ballots of all the forty-eight states have been examined. When there is irregularity of marking the practice is to allow the intention of the voter, if discernible, to prevail. Five states allow a combination of the cross mark and scratching or lining out. The Georgia law prescribes the use of the cross in the party- column parentheses for straight ticket voting, but requires that the voter line out the names of undesired candidates when a split ticket is voted. The Texas voter may vote a straight ticket by running a line vertically through all party columns voted against; he may vote a mixed ticket by running a line horizontally through the names of such candidates as he desires to vote against in the column of his preferred party and writing in the name of the candidate for whom he wishes to vote or leaving unscratched the desired names in other columns.

The article discusses the basis of urbanism in Texas. The paper presented in the article is in the nature of a preliminary report of a study begun some months ago on the subject of urbanism in Texas. While it is necessarily incomplete, the facts already secured justify presentation of certain conclusions as to the causal factors involved in the location and development of cities in this state. No particular method is utilized in the study to the exclusion of others. Geography is consulted for the facts about the natural environment, to which human life must inevitably adapt itself. History yields information about events, many apparently accidental, which have figured in the location of settlements, later expanded into cities. Statistical correlations show connections between various phenomena, from which the relationship of cause and effect may be inferred. Case studies of selected units give the necessary detail for a sympathetic understanding and appreciation of the interplay of forces between individual and community. The plan of the study as a whole is cast on broad lines. Taking aggregation of population as the prerequisite of urbanism, the investigators have undertaken, as their first task, to present a picture of growth of urban population in Texas. This is obviously necessary for a delineation of the field. The second task involves the discovery, classification and evaluation of the factors responsible for the location and increase of urban aggregations.

This article presents information on convention program of the Southwestern Social Science Association and the American Business Writing Association joint conference, held in April 1955, in Dallas, Texas. Some of papers presented in the meetings on various topics like accounting, agricultural economics, business administration, sociology, government, geography are: "A Well-Informed and Better-Guided Student," by William P. Carr; "Recent Developments in Accounting Research," by Charles T. Zlatkovich; "Course Content and Conduct," by Emerson O. Henke; "The Southern Farmer and Foreign Trade," by M.D. Woodin; "The Southern Farmer and Current Agricultural Legislation and Regulation," by William A. Faught; "A Comparison of Riparian and Appropriated Water Rights," by Wells A. Hutchins; "A Comparison of Land-Value Theories and the Everyday Operation of the Land Market," by Robert L. Tontz; "Geography of the Rainforest of Western Pichincha and Esmeraldas, Ecuador," by Luis Freile; and others.

This article comments on some of the conclusions drawn by Riley E. Baker in respect to significant causative factors in the economic development of the Great Plains area. The economy of, and the techniques employed within, an area are a part of the aggregate economy, not isolated from it. This situation derives largely from the composite of technological developments associated with improved transportation and increased tendencies toward both individual producer and area specialization. The network of interrelationships is not an easy one to explain. Nevertheless, this difficulty does not warrant simplification merely for ease of explanation. Some passages in Baker's paper explicitly, and others by implication, indicate that he leans toward undue simplification, intentional or otherwise. There has appeared a tendency in recent years to interpret the implications of a vastly expanding technological front in terms of the impacts of a few selected techniques lifted from their functional relationships within the integrated whole. This tendency is probably the inevitable result of preliminary observations of the influences of wide technological advances upon the entire structure of an economy.

The article reports that in November 1946 the voters of Texas approved an amendment to the state constitution providing for the extension of credit to veterans of World War II for the purpose of buying farm land. To become operative this amendment requires subsequent action of the legislature. The substance of the constitutional amendment and the legislation thus far introduced are the subject of this paper. Following the last two wars, World War I and II, most programs for civil readjustment of the military man have included some form of land scheme. Constitutional authorization for the veterans' land program was adopted in a statewide election in November 1946. Actually the exact provisions of the constitutional amendment were included in House joint Resolution No. 62 of the 49th legislative session which provided for the holding of an election. Land acquired might be subdivided for sale into tracts of such size as deemed advisable by the board. Amortization of the loan could cover a period to be fixed by the board, but not exceeding 40 years. Interest was specified at four percent.

The article focuses on issues related to the analysis of corporate financial data. The paper involves an analytical explanation of the causes underlying the increase during the years 1940-1943 in the assets of 150 corporations doing business in Texas. Accounting, when related to corporations, may be thought of generally in terms of the transactions affecting corporate assets, a record of those assets, their changes, sources, and dispositions. From a simple view, the corporate balance sheet may be conceived as a statement arraying on one side the book- keeping values of corporate assets, summarized and classified around common descriptive titles. The other side of the statement arrays the bookkeeping values of the equity interests in those assets. While such equities frequently may also reflect the results of transactions which have represented asset sources, to explain all increases in liabilities as resulting in asset increases requires a lengthy and very precise statement. The accounting concepts of terms used in statements of income and statements of financial condition must be carefully differentiated.