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[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of rearing material nutrients and juvenile hormone Ⅲ (JHIII) on the growth and development of Hepialus menyuanicus larvae, and to clarify the direct and indirect relationships between rearing material nutrients and JHIII on the growth and development of larvae using through path analysis. [Method] The newly molted 3rd instar larvae were studied with coconut flour as the rearing substrate, and a two-factor experimental design was used with four rearing materials[J: (Potentilla anserina), H: (Daucus carota), Z: (Polygonum viviparum) and D: (Rheum palmatum) ]and three JHIII titer levels (B1: 13.32 μg/g, B2: 16.56 μg/g and B3: 22.76 μg/g) were reared on larvae, and the reared materials were analyzed for crude protein, crude fiber, soluble sugar, crude ash, water content, carbohydrate and JHIII on larval growth and development (head width, body length, body weight and survival rate) were analyzed by regression analysis and path analysis. [Result] Both rearing materials and JHIII significantly affected the growth and development of larvae with a significant interaction effect (P＜0.05) .Path analysis showed that JHIII had the greatest direct effect on larval head width, body length, body weight and survival rate (P=-2.56, P=-1.89, P=-3.66, P=2.36) .Crude protein had the greatest indirect promoting effect on head width and body length (P=3.99, P=3.79), soluble sugar had the greatest indirect promoting effect on body weight (P=5.40), and crude ash had the greatest indirect inhibitory effect on survival (P=-5.14), and crude protein, soluble sugar, and crude ash all had the greatest indirect effects on head width and body length, body weight, and survival through JHIII (P=2.23, P=1.64, P=2.93, P=-2.86) . [Conclusion] The paper preliminarily finds the simple mechanism of feeding materials affecting the growth and development of larvae.JHIII is a direct factor affecting the growth and development of larvae, while nutrients in rearing materials are an indirect factor and affect larval growth and development through changes in JHIII titer.The nutrients of rearing materials lead to inconsistent growth and development of larvae by affecting the JHIII titer of the larvae.Among them, crude protein, soluble sugar and crude ash promote the growth of head width and body length of larvae, promote the development of body weight and reduce the survival rate of larvae by inhibiting the JHIII titer.The study provides a scientific reference for the artificial domestication and succession rearing of H.menyuanicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to the problem that application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and long-term continuous culti vation mode in the industry caused the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum L had declined in recent years, and the effects of different mi crobial agents on the growth and development of the L. barbarum L. and fruit yield and quality were studied. [Method] Ningqi No. 7 L. barba rum L. was used as experimental material, and the field trials with no microbial agents as a control were conducted by the application of Tl, T2, T3 three microbial agents. [ Result] Each treatment had different degrees of promoting effects on the vegetative growth, reproductive growth, yield and quality of L. barbarum L. plants. Microbial agents could significantly increase the survival rate of first-year L. barbarum L. seedlings, and the amount of roots and branch growth by 9. 06% - 57. 84% and 4. 76% - 54. 9%, respectively; Microbial agents could in crease the number of branches, branch growth and SPAD value of fourth-instar L. barbarum L. plants by 29. 9% - 87. 09%, 7. 5% - 18. 3%, and flower formation rate, fruit setting rate, 100-seed weight and yield by 2. 07% - 18. 87%, 3.19% - 13. 63%, 0.57% - 4. 92%, 29. 7% - 52. 7%, respectively; Especially, T2 had the most significant effect, compared with other treatments, the amount of branches, flower formation rate and yield were increased by 30. 05%, 12. 23% and 4. 45%. Microbial agents could significantly improve fruit quality and increase the content of polysaccharides, betaine, total flavonoids, and carotene in L. barbarum L. fruit by 4. 55% 25%, 25. 5% - 43. 67%, 12. 5% - 58%, and 2. 8 - 3. 6 times, respectively. Especially, Tl had the most significant effect on the improvement of quality indicators, compared with other treatments, the content of polysaccharides, betaine and carotene increased significantly by 5. 77%, 8. 52% and 23. 78%. [ Conclusion] Comprehensive evaluation of the analysis results showed that the three combinations of microbial agents tested had a certain positive effect on growth of L. barbarum L. . T2 had the most significant effect on tree growth, yield and economic benefits, Tl had the best effect on fruit quality, and it could be used for reference and promotion according to production needs in production practice, Tl and T2 could be used together to achieve the effect of improving quality and increasing production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to determine the effect of feeding Bacillus subtilis on the growth and development of Spodoptera litura larvae and the activity of digestive enzymes in the midgut. [ Method ] The suspension of B. subtilis was prepared into a feed containing bacteria with a unit feed of 6 x 108, 6 x 106 and 6 x 104 cfu/ g, respectively, and an artificial feed without bacteria was usedas a control ( CK) . Then, the larvae to be tested were transferred from the normal diet to the diet with different bacterial content at the initial stage and continu ously fed until pupation, and the indicators of the digestive enzyme activity of the S. litura larvae were measured and counted. [ Result] The S. litura larvae could normally complete the development of generations under artificial diets with different bacterial contents, but had a cer tain delay effect on the total period of their generations; Although the relative feeding rate of artificial feed larvae with a bacterial content of 6 x 106 cfu/ g per feeding unit was significantly lower than that of the other groups, their food conversion rate and food utilization rate are sig nificantly higher than that of the other groups; The relative growth rate and approximate digestibility of the artificial feed larvae with a feed unit of 6 x 108 cfu/ g of bacteria were significantly lower than the control ( CK) group, but the difference between the other groups was not sig nificant; In addition, the invertase activity of fourth-instar larvae was directly proportional to the amount of bacteria in the feed unit; The amount of bacteria in the feed unit was 6 x 106 cfu/ g artificial feed, its larval pupation rate and pupal emergence rate were the highest, and the insect/pupa weight was the heaviest, and single female had the largest amount of eggs. [Conclusion] The artificial diet with a bacterial content of 6 x 106 cfu/g per unit feed had good food fitness for S. litura larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The effect of different combinations of microbial, organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth and fruit quality of Summer black grape was investigated, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of Guangxi grape industry and explore the optimized fertilization mode with quality, safety, ecological and the high-efficient. [ Method ] Four-year-table-grape and rain-shelter-cultivation Summer black was selected as the research object. 5 treatments was set as treatment T1 to T5, the 450.00, 675.00, 900,00, 1125.00, 1350.00 kg/hm² by 11 mixed microbial agent Baogen 120 and polypeptide algae compound fertilizer with sheep manure 7500.00 kg/hm² plus super phosphate 375. 00 kg/hm². Conventional fertilization (sheep) manure 7500. 00 kg/hm² plus superphosphate 375. 00 kg/ hm) was set as a control (CK). Analyzed the effect of differ of Summer black grapes. [Result ] The application of microbial fertilizer could shorten the stages of floral initiation, coloration and maturity of Summer black grape compared with the control. The shoot length, new shoots diameter, leaf thickness, length of inflorescence, single panicle weight, spike length, yield, soluble olids and TSS-acid ratio of grape were increased, while titratable acid content reduced compared with the control. While the cost of artificial fruit thinning was decreased, and the economy benefit of grape cultivation was improved in the meantime. Among all the treatment, both T4 and T5 treatments (Baogen 120 1125.00 kg/hm² + polypeptide algae compound fertilizer 1125. 00 kg/hm² + sheep manure 7500.00 kg/hm² + superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm², and Baogen 120 1350.00 kg/hm² + polypeptide algae compound fertilizer 1350.00 kg/hm² + sheep ma nure 7500.00 kg/hm² + superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm²) have better effect on Summer black grapes in early coloring and ripening, 10 days can be shorten advance toward the market. The T4 treatment was performed best compared with other treatments, the shoot without spin dling, the length of inflorescence, single spike weight, spike length, single plant yield, yield, soluble solid content and TSS-acid ratio in creased by 40.63 %, 9.83%, 30.11%, 18.10%, 15.93 %, 6.18 % and 28.51 %, titration acid decreased by 17.29%, and the e conomic benefits was 144 256. 15 yuan/hm higher than CK. [Conclusion] The basal application of Baogen 120 1125.00 kg/hm² + polypep tide algaecompound fertilizer 1125.00 kg/hm² + sheep manure 7500.00 kg/hm² + superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm² can promote the growth and development of Summer black grapes, save the production costs, improve fruit quality, shorten the marketing time and raise the efficiency of this planting benefit, which can be used as a reference for grape cultivation region in Guangxi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Optimizing the fertilization technology of Panax notoginseng, protecting the ecological environment of Panax notoginseng production area, and providing theoretical and practical basis for promoting the development of Panax notoginseng industry. [Method] Through the field experiment of fertilizer reduction, the effect of different treatments on the nutrient changes of the planting soil was compared and analyzed. The effects of agronomic characteristics, yield, nutrient absorption and saponins content of Panax notoginseng. [Result] The soil fertility of the 3-year-old Panax notoginseng planting area was at a rich level, and reduced fertilization did not result in a decrease in the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng. The treatment of Cl agronomic characteristics was significantly better The content of saponin in treatment of CR and treatment of CK. Treatment of Cl and treatment C2 was significantly higher than that of treatment of CR and treatment of CK. Comprehensive comparison, treatment of Cl is more suitable for the growth and development of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng. [Conclusion] Excessive or insufficient fertilization will affect the three For the growth of seven, pay attention to the control of the amount of fertilizer in the process of topdressing, and apply the appropriate amount of fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】It is aimed to explore the effects of applying bag-controlled release fertilizer for many years on the growth,yield and quality of peach.【Method】Taking ’wanhujing’ and ’xiacui’ as materials, we explored the effects of applying bag-controlled release fertilizer for 3 years on the growth of branches,leaves and fruits,yield,quality and economic benefit of peach.【Result】The length of primary tillers, number of secondary tillers,Titrable Acidity,output value data per unit area of ’wanhujing’or’xiacui’were remarkably or extremely remarkably lower than CK1 or CK2 when applying bag-controlled release fertilizer;While the diameter of primary tillers and secondary tillers,chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,total chlorophyll content,weight of single fruit,fruit longitudinal diameter,soluble solid content,contents of total sugar,solidity-acid ratio were remarkably or extremely remarkably higher than CK1 or CK2.【Conclusion】Applying bag-controlled release fertilizer for several consecutive years can effectively increase regeneration length and diameter of renewal branches,extend canopy, improve plant light conditions, enhance the peach plant growth, improve the quality of the fruit flavor, which is a convenient and efficient fertilization schedule for peach orchard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to clarify the changes of nutritional components of mulberry leaf spot and the effects on the health of silkworm. [Method] The healthy mulberry leaves and the diseased mulberry leaves were collected in the outbreak season of mulberry brown spot disease. The contents of nutritional components were determined, and the effect of mulberry leaf spot on silkworm was analyzed by sericulture test. [Result] Results showed that the contents of crude protein, crude fiber, total sugar, solubility sugar, amino acides of disease mulberry leaves were significantly lower than that of health mulberry, while crude ash and mineral elements (except P) increased remarkably. Fhe biological experiment of silkworm rearing showed that the affected leaves had a great influence on the uniform life rate, larva weight, larval stage and digestive absorption rate of the insect pupa in home, but had no obvious effect on cocoon quality. [Conclusion] Mulberry leaves infected with mulberry brown spot disease have a great impact on the nutritional components of mulberry leaves and the health of bombyx mori. Therefore, in silkworm areas where brown spot disease is common, it is necessary to plan harvesting leaf reasonably and avoid using diseased leaves when brown spot disease is serious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to understand the cold resistance physiological characteristics of different rice materials and hybridized combinations, and filter has good cold resistant varieties of rice. 【Method】 Sprouting shoots of rice from 12 hybridized combinations and materials were treated under low temperature of 6, 9 and 12 °C, respectively. The treatment at 25 °C was used as a control. After 5 days of three different temperature treatments, two agronomic traits（i.e. survival rate and shoot length） and five physiological indexes（i.e. the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）, hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）, peroxidase（O2-）, ascorbic acid（AsA）, proline（Pro） and soluble sugar（SS）） were measured. 【Result】Under low temperature treatment, all physiological indexes increased to different degrees. The average content of MDA and AsA decreased as the increases of temperature treatments. The average content of Pro>O2- and SS was lower than control’s at 12 °C. The average content of H2O2 reached the maximum under the treatment of 9 °C. Of these, the reduced amplitude of Pro was maximum. On the contrary, the reduced amplitude of O2-was minimum. There was big difference between the hybridized combinations and materials under the same temperature treatment. The survival rate and shoot length of hybridized combinations and materials under low temperature stress were low compared to those of control, the survival rate of 12, 9 and 6 °C were reduced by 7.72 %, 30.40 % and 50.44 % compared with 25 °C,the shoot length of 12, 9 and 6 °C were reduced by 40.81 %, 61.98 % and 56.71 % compared with 25 °C. 【Conclusion】Glutinous rice 89-1 has the best cold resistance, and the hybridized progeny that had a male parent with superior restorer line would have a better cold resistance character, which could be further filter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 This study aimed to further clarify the mechanism of reasonable dense planting and yield increase of spring maize in dryland of the Loess Plateau in southern Ningxia and provide theoretical and technical support for high-yielding cultivation of maize in arid and semi-arid regions. 【Method】 In this experiment, a randomized block design method was used, two large-scale maize varieties, Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 698 were used as the test materials, and five density gradients were set to study the planting density of the major agronomic traits of the maize cultivars, including traits, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield-related traits, etc. 【Result】 With the increase of the density, plant height and ear height of different maize varieties gradually increased. Dry matter accumulation gradually increased with the advancement of the growing period, and the dry matter accumulation of the two varieties reached a maximum at the ripening stage. The leaf area index of the population increases gradually with the increase of the density. The relative chlorophyll content gradually decreased with the increase of the density. With the increase of the density, the ear weight, ear diameter, grain number per row, grain weight per ear, grain weight per hectare, yield of the two varieties increased first and then decreased, and the baldness rate decreased first and then increased. Both varieties were at the output of 67 500 plants/hm2, the highest yield was achieved, which was an increase of 73.39 % and 36.26 % over the 52 500 plants/hm2. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, the suitable density of Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 698 was 67 500 plants/hm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The study aims to clarify the effect of tea polyphenols on the growth and development of Spodoptera Uluru, [Method] 0. 8, 1.6, 2. 4, 3. 2, 4. 0 mg/g tea polyphenols was added in the fodder to observe and analyze the growth and development of Spodoptera litura in the laboratory. [Result]The results showed that the tea polyphenols significantly affected the growth and development of S. litura larvae, and the body length and body weight of the larvae after feeding artificial thet containing the tea polyphenols were significantly lower than that of the larvae after feeding artificial thet not containing the tea polyphenols. The body length increase rate on the 10l1' and 151,1 days was 21.80 %, 11.19%, 1. 13 %, -5. 09 %, - 12.17 % and 12.82 %, 30.53 %, 25.84 %, 20.48 %, 11. 04 % by feeding with 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 mg/g tea polyphenols, The body weight increased rate on the 101,1 and 151,1 was76.34 %, 45. 15 %, 32.81 %, -0. 80 %, -5.09 % and 81.66 %, 51.06 %, 59. 97 %, 35. 98 %, 1. 18 %, respectively. Moreover, the lea polyphenols showed a significant virulence against the larvae of S. lilura, the mortality was (21.38 ± 2. 54)%, (31.42 ± 2. 32) %, (42. 65 ± 3.45)%, (45.97 ±2.35)% and (61.65 ±3. 53)% in the 10l,‘ day by feeding the artificial thet containing the 0. 8, 1. 6, 2. 4, 3. 2 and 4. 0 mg/g tea polyphenols, respectively. And the morality increased with the increase of the containing of tea polyphenols in the artificial thet, the LC50 value was 3. 12 mg/g. And il was difficult for all the larvae of S. litura to pupae after feeding the artificial thet containing the lea polyphenols which finally decreased the population of S. litura. [Conclusion] All above results showed that the tea polyphenols with good bioaelivity and was significantly affected the growth/ development and the virulence efficacy against S. litura larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aims to study the effects of waterlogging stress on growing development and different waterlogging tolerance of sesame cultivars. 【Method】 The pot experiment at early blooming and full blooming stages of sesame with different waterlogging time treatments was carried out, and two sesame varieties with different levels of waterlogging tolerance were used to investigate the effects of the waterlogging time on their growth, dry matter accumulation and yield components. 【Result】(i) Waterlogging delayed sesame growth and development and reduced the LAI and chlorophyll content, there were significantly different between two varieties, and the longer the waterlogging was, the greater the effect was. (ii) Waterlogging restrained sesame plant dry matter accumulation, increased transport ratio of dry matter to stem, reduced the transportation to the reproductive organs, generated abortive seeds and resulted in a diminished yield. (iii) The longer the waterlogging was, the greater the effect on yield components in same growth period was. Production reduced mainly due to the number of capsule decreased after waterlogging. The no-waterlogging tolerance variety Zhengzhi13 had a great waterlogging effect than waterlogging tolerance variety Zheng98N09. 【Conclusion】 Waterlogging affected the normal growth of sesame, the longer the waterlogging w as, the greater the effect w as, and the growth of waterlogging resistance varieties was better than that of ordinary varieties when suffered to waterlogging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aims to study the effects exogenous plant growth regulator on endogenous hormone in the process of fruit growth and development of Jun-jujube from south of Xinjiang. [Method] Seven prescription which were selected 5-aminolevulinic acid materials, GA3 and CPPU as materials were used to investigate the endogenous hormone and the morphological characteristics, yield and quality of 4-year-old jun jujube. [Result] ( i) When 5-ALA mixed with GA3 , the higher GA3 concentration was, the higher the content of IAA and CTK was. When the same concentration of 5-ALA and GA3 mixed with the different concentration of CPPU, it was the higher for the content of the IAA and CTK during young fruit stage； The higher CPPU concentration was, the higher the content of the IAA was, which was suitable for the fruit setting rate of jujube. ( ii) It was obvious for the higher concentration of 5-ALA to reduce the content of IAA and CTK in fruit, but it could obviously increase the rate of IAA/ABA and relatively balance the level of endogenous hormone to reduce physiological fallen fruit of jujube. (iii) Compared 20 μl/L 5-ALA or 5 μl/L 5-ALA + 5 μl/L GA3 + 15 μl/L CPPU to 20 μl/L GA3 , the weights of single fnait were increased by 30. 24 % and 20. 89% , respectively, their yields respectively increased by 43• 85 % and 38. 00 % and reduced the contents of total sugar and acid, however, sugar-acid ratio were increased by19. 35 % and 19. 07 % , respectively. ' Conclusion] For those reasons, the fruit yields and quality by spraying 20 μl/L 5-ALA or 5 μl/L 5-ALA + 5 μl/L GA3 + 15 μl/L CPPU two times of an interval 7days at the beginning of the jujube flourishing florescence were obviously increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to select the nutrition which was more suitable for the growth and development of Chenzhou flue-cured tobacco, the effect of different nitrogen sources and ratios on seedling growth and physiocological characterstics of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that the nutrition ratio of NO3--N/ NH4+-N for 6:4 was more suitable for strong seedling growth and development of flue-cured tobacco root system, which could increase the chlorophyll content and enhance root activity, nitrate reductase activity, root/shoot ratio and biomass of the flue-cured tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of light intensities on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, taken two flue-cured tobacco varieties ('HY06', 'K326') as tested materials, and their physiological characteristics under light intensity at the transmittances of 65 % and 44 % for 10, 20 and 30 d were studied. The results showed that ： The plant height, stem girth, length of middle leaf, leaf number were decreased by low light density, and the budding time delayed. The nitrate reductase ( NR) activity in tobacco leaves decreased generally, while malondialdahyde( MDA) content and peroxidase(POD) activity in tobacco leaves raised first and then declined with the shading time extending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydro-fluctuation Belt Plants {Paspalum distichum L. ) of Three Gorges Reservoir was taken as the key object in this study. The enrichment and transportation behavior of Cr( YI) and Pb( II ) in Paspalum distichum L. were investigated by using the hydroponic experiment ,and the effect of combined contamination of Cr( YI)--Pb( II ) on the growth of Paspalum distichum L. was also studied in detail. The results showed that under low concentration of Chromium(⩽80 μmol/L) and lead (⩽400 μmol/L) stress, the growth of Paspalum distichum could be improved, the root tolerance index was greater than 1 ,their chlorophylls in leaves could increase； However,with the increase of Cr and Pb, the effect on the growth of Paspalum distichum had been exerted. The chlorophylls content of Paspalum distichum in leaves decreased ,The root tolerance index was less than 1. Paspalum distichum primarily through roots, stems enrichment of heavy metal ions, with the increase of concentration enrichment increasing migration. Cr( YI) and Pb( II ) in P. distichum migration exhibited synergistic effects. It suggested that P. distichum had the ability to repair Heavy metal Cr and Pb pollutions. Therefore, the Paspalum distichum was the good plants for the river water ecosystem restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem that ? the vegetable seedlingr s survival rate was low and its quality was poor when grown in traditional greenhouse in Tibet, a new seedling system called closed transplant production system under artificial lighting was developed in the present re-gearcli. It adopted fluorescent light, light-emitting Diode ( LED) as an artificial light source. An experiment was conducted about tke effect of seedlings under both of artificial lights. The results showed that using LED source was much better than the fluorescent light for cucumber growth in the closed transplant production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects on the growth and the dry weight and the potassium content and the glucomannan content of Amorphophallus konjac Fuyuan were studied after different amounts of Potassium Nitrate (0 ? 337.5 ? 675. 0 , 1012. 5 kg/hm2) were produced at its leaf expansion stage. The results showed that the application of Potassium Nitrate at the leaf expansion stage had important influence to the plant height and width. The plant height increased significantly before august especially and the plant width increased last to September, so that the yield could be increased. The most suitable application amount was 337. 5 kg/hm2 , which produced with the largest average single taio weight and total yield (〇. 357 kg and 42 855 kg/hm2) , and the growth coefficient wag 7.14 . whicli increased by 55. 2 % compared with CK. The potassium contents of overground and underground part of Amorphophallus konjac Fuyuan increased with the amounts of potassium nitrate, which showed Amorpkophallus konjac Fuyuan was the K-favoring crop and had the strong ability of K absorption. But the dry weight increased insignificantly with the increase of the application amount of potassium nitrate ? and the dry weight of the high K treatment even decreased compared with the medium K treatment- The potassium content growth rate of Amorphophallus konjac Fuyuan underground part decreased with the increase of the application amount of potassium nitrate ? and the highest growth rate of the low K treatment A was 45. 09 %. The glucomannan content increased with the increase of the application amount of potassium nitrate t and the content of the treatment C was the highest up to 53.89 % ? which was 1.49 times that of CK. The glucomannan growing rate of the treatment A was the highest up to 411 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic changes,accumulation level and correlation of five mineral elements in fruit of‘Okubao'peach were reported during its development. The results showed that the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg in the fruits manifested a decreasing tendency with the growth and development of fruit,but the accumulation of the mineral elements in per fruit increased gradually. The correlation analysis showed that the contents of other four elements except K were obviously positively correlated each other, and obviously negatively correlated with the weight of per fruit. However, the accumulation of five mineral elements in per fruit were positively correlated with the weight of per fruit, thereinto, the correlation was obvious between Ca accumulation and the weight of per fruit, and significant between the accumulation of other four elements and the weight of per fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthorimaea operculella is an important quarantine pest. In this research, the effects of nicotine on the larval weight, pupa weight, and larval development duration of P. operculella were evaluated after continuous feeding with artificial diets containing plant allelochemicals nicotine from the second and third instars for five generations. The results showed that larval development was delayed and the growth of larval was significantly inhibited after nicotine treatment. Compared to the control, the inhibition rates of larval weight and pupal weight declined from 45 % to 20 % and 25 % to 4 %,32 % to 17 % and 28 % to 5 % after the 2nd instars and 3rd instars feeding with nicotine for five generations. Nicotine could delay the larval growth and development of P. operculella and showed more inhibited effect on the younger larvae. With increasing of generations, inhibition of nicotine was reduced to larval weight and pupal weight, and larval development period and the pest whole development period were shortened. This study showed that plant allelochemicals could affect the growth and development of the P. operculella,but P. operculella could realize self-regulation after a few generations by gradually increasing the adaptability of nicotine toxic substances and alleviating inhibition of toxic substances as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]