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【Objective】 Base ion in soil is an important index to evaluate soil fertility. The problems of different depth of soil nutrient ion concentration, hardening in drought, sticking and decaying in waterlogging, low water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity seriously affect crop constants. 【Method】In the present paper, the calcareous chernozem in a certain area of Heilongjiang province is taken as the research object to study the effect of soil replacement and fertilization on base ion in calcareous chernozem soil; Under the condition of soil replacement and directional fertilization, the distribution and change of soil salt were studied. 0-20 cm soil and 20-40 cm soil were treated with directional fertilization for three consecutive years after one-year soil replacement. Under the premise of normal application of base fertilizer, the soil replacement(T1), soil replacement + straw(T2), soil replacement + 500 kg/667 m~2 were taken as the control without soil replacement.In the experiment group, the treatment methods of M2 dried chicken manure(T3) and soil replacement + 40 % theoretical phosphate fertilizer application(T4) were used to study the effect of different fertilization conditions on directional fertilization after soil replacement. 【Result】Soil replacement + basal fertilizer and application of organic fertilizer(T3) had the best effect, which could increase the content of water-soluble potassium ions, balance the content of sodium ions, bicarbonate ions and pH acidity and alkalinity, and reduce the content of calcium ions, magnesium ions, sulfate ions and chloride ions. 【Conclusion】The results show that the effect of soil layer replacement technology is obvious in the process of improving soil cation and anion. It can balance the pH value of soil, among which the effect of drying chicken manure with soil layer replacement + 500 kg/667 m~2 is the best. It can balance the content of anion and cation in soil, improve the pH value of soil, and create a good soil environment for corn, which is suitable for popularization and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]