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[Objective] The purpose of the paper is to further understand the effects of different growth environments on the growth and yield characteristics of rice. [Method] Two varieties, indica and japonica rice, were selected and pot cultured to test at four different altitudes in Dongehuan District of Kunming City. [ Result] With the increase of planting altitude, the effective accumulated temperature of rice decreased and the heat intensity decreased, resulting in the decline of maximum net photosynthetic rate and apparent quantum efficiency and the increase of light saturation point and CO2 saturation point during the booting stage of rice, which meant the weakening of photosynthetic intensity in vigorous grow stage. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic efficiency and photosynthetic accumulation of rice decreased during the later period of rice reproductive stage because of the decrease of photosaturation point, dark respiration rate, photorespiration rate and photosynthetic compensation point. Then the dry matter of leaf and stem sheath ,leaf area, the number of effective panicles and effective grains per spike were significantly reduced. [Conclusion] The upper limit of suitable altitudes for indica rice and japonica rice in Dongehuan District of Kunming City were lower than 1500 meters and 2000 meters respectively. Cold injury had significant effects on the effective-panicles number of indica rice, the effective-grains number and effective-panicles number of japonica rice. The differences of rice growth characteristics and yield traits among different planting altitudes were mainly ascribed to tiny photosynthetic physiological effects of rice, the growth and development change of rice resulting from the disparity of air temperature and the adverse effect of low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]