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[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of microbial agents combined with leaf barrier on the translocation and accumulation of Cd in rice, and provided important reference for the safe production of moderate and mild Cd contaminated farmland. [Method] The field experiment was adopted, organosilicon and chelated iron were selected as foliar control agents, combined with microbial agents, and a total of 6 treatments were set up in the field: conventional planting pattern ( CK), spraying on the leaf with organosilicone and EDD HA-Fe ( Y), microbial agents derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Enterobacter ludwigii as base fertilizer applied separately to soil ( Dl and D2), microbial agents derived from B. amyloliquefaciens and E. ludwigii applied separately to soil, meanwhile spraying on the leaf with organosilicone and EDDHA-Fe ( D1 + Y and D2 + Y) . [Result] ( i) Leaf spraying with organosilicone and EDDHA-Fe significantly reduced the content of Cd in leaves, decreased TF roct-maw , and increased the proportion of Cd in roots by 38. 3%, compared with the control. Foliar fertilizer could effectively prevent the translocation and accumulation of Cd to the shoot of rice. (ii) The two formulations of basal application of microbial agents had different effects on Cd accumulation in rice. Compared with the control, the content of Cd in different parts of rice was decreased by basal application of B. amyloliquefaciens, and t he variation of Cd proportion was small. Applying with E. ludu!igii, Cd content in leaves of rice decreased, and Cd content in stems and grains increased significantly, which were 2. 06 and 1. 17 times higher than those in control, respectively. Meanwhile, the accumulation of Cd in whole plant was increased by 9 . 8 % . ( iii) The accumulation of Cd in rice plants decreased and the distribution of Cd in different parts of rice was significantly changed by basal application of microbial agents combined with foliar fertilizer. When treated with Dl + Y, the proportion of Cd in grains was 1. 68 times higher than that in the control, and the proportion of Cd in roots was 63. 5 % equivalent to the control. The combination of microbial agent in B. amyloliquefaciens and foliar fertilizer could accelerate the translocation of Cd to the shoot and grains of rice. Wben treated with D2 + Y, the TF,root-straw of Cd decreased by 64. 5 % compared with CK, the root Cd content was 1. 57 times higher than that of the control, and the proportion of Cd in the root increased by 57 . 7 % . Cd was restricted to the root by the combination of the basal application of E. ludwigii and foliar fertilizer, so that limited Cd was transferred to the shoot of rice. [Conclusion] The application of B. amyloliquefaciens agents, combined with leaf spraying of organosilicone and EDD HA-Fe can reduce the accumulation of Cd in the root and increase the transfer of Cd to the shoot of rice. Combined application of E. ludwigii and foliar fertilizer can effectively reduce the accumulation of Cd in the straw and grain of rice, which is one of the important measures for the safety production of medium and mild Cd contaminated farmland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Purpose] The present paper aimed to study the physical properties, soil enzyme activities and their correlation characteristics of wild Bletilla striata soil in different producing areas in Guizhou, so as to provide a theoretical basis for realizing high yield and quality of B. striata artificial cultivation. [ Method] 8 soil sample plots for the wild B. striata were collected in Guizhou province to detect and analyze the soil physical and enzyme activity index characteristics and the correlation between them. [ Result]The soil density was between 2. 06 -2. 55 g/ cm³ with weak variation. The soil texture was mainly clay loam and sandy loam. In most soils, the proportion of the > 0. 25 mm size soil water-stable aggregates reached 70% . The distribution of the soil water-stable aggregates size fraction were different, 2 - 5 mm size fraction was the dominant size fraction in 4 soil plots, < 0. 25 mm size fraction was the dominant size fraction in 3 soil plots. The dominant size fraction of soil micro-aggregate was 0. 25 -0. 05 mm size fraction. The activities of urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase in soil were significantly different with strong variation. The activities of catalase in soil were not significantly different with weak variation. Soil enzyme activity was strongly influenced by the soil density, soil aggregates and microaggregates. There was a significant positive correlation between urease and acid phosphatase, which could promote each other. [Conclusion] Guizhou wild B. striata has strong adaptability to soil environment. It mainly grows in sandy soil or clay with soil clay content less than 25 %, and some wild B. striata can also grow in clay with soil clay content more than 30% ; Soil specific gravity, soil aggregates and micro aggregates are important factors affecting soil enzyme activity of B. striata. The suitable soil specific gravity is 2. 06 - 2. 55 g/ cm³, the dominant particle size is 2 - 5 mm or < 0. 25 mm, and loam is the best soil texture; Urease and acid phosphatase can promote each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The present paper aimed to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of Bradysia difformis in oyster mushroom plantations, and analyze the sampling techniques of field investigation, so as to provide scientific basis for monitoring B. difformis and formulating control programs. [ Method] From March to May in 2020, a dense checkerboard sampling method was used to investigate oyster mushroom in Yuhui Edible Fungus farm, Santang town,Xingning district, Nanning, Guangxi, by counting the number of adults attached to the hyaline board suspended at the sample points, the flight altitude of the adults of B. difformis was determined. The spatial distribution pattern of B. difformis was determined by frequency distribution method, aggregation index method, Taylor's power function method and lwao linear regression analysis method, and the spatial distribution pattern of B. difformis adults in ostreatus planting canopy was determined. The error rate and fitness of different sampling methods were calculated by simulated sampling method. [ Result] In the ostreatus shed, the number of adults adhered to the armyworm plate at 10. 00 cm above the fungus pouch was the largest, which was significantly higher than other heights ( P < 0. 05) . The x2 values of negative binomial distribution in the three surveys were 23. 680, 31 . 410 and 21. 740, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the actual and theoretical frequency test results of negative binomial distribution ( P > 0. 05 ) . The x² values of negative binomial distribution in the three surveys were consistent with negative binomial distribution. The dispersal index ( C > l. 000 ), negative binomial distribution index(O < K < 8. 000 ),clustering index ( 1 > 0 ), clustering index ( m */ m> 1),and spatial distribution pattern of the adults were aggregation distribution. According to m • -m regression model and taylor power fitting model, the basic component of adult population distribution of B. in mushroom shed was individual group, which was attracted to each other, and the individual group belonged to aggregation distribution, which was consistent with the aggregation index method. Among the fitness comparison among different sampling methods the Z-shaped sampling method(5. 72% ) and the diagonal sampling method ( 5. 71% ) had the lowest error rate, and the theoretical sampling number model was N = ( t² / D² ) ( L 4741/ m + 0. 3824 ) . [ Conclusion] In the ostreatus planting shelter, the flight height of the adults of B. difformis was mainly concentrated at 10. 00 cm above the pouch, and the spatial distribution was dominated by a highly concentrated negative binomial distribution. The ideal sampling methods for field investigation of B. difformis were Z-shaped sampling method and diagonal sampling method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aims to explore the feasibility of DNA barcoding applied to the identification of flies in Yunnan province, China, and to set up DNA database for flies in Yunnan. [Method ] Diptera insects trapped by microbial attractants in Hekou county, Dali city, Jianchuan county, Mengzi city and Yuanjiang county of Yunnan province were identified by CO! gene sequence, and their genetic distances of families, genera and species taxa were compared. [Result] Forty-three species of insects belonging to 21 genera, 7 families including Drosophilidae, Tephritidae, Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, Sarcophgidae and Anthomyiidae, were collected in the 5 places in Yunnan. lntraspecific divergence ranged between 0. 002 and 0. 098, interspecific divergence average 0. 156. Phylogenetic tree showed that most of the same species gathered closely although some species were not in line with their morphology based on their sequences data. The average genetic distances among species of Drosophilidae, Tephritidae, Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, Sarcophgidae and Anthomyiidae were 0. 151, 0. 225, 0. 123, 0. 143, 0. 158, 0. 158 and 0. 103, respectively. The intraspecific genetic distances were 0. 006, 0. 025, 0. 012, 0. 013, 0. 011, 0. 006 and 0. 01, respectively. The genetic distances among 7 families were 25. 2, 10. 2, 10. 2, 11. 0, 14. 4, 27 . 3 and 10. 3 times of intraspecific genetic distances, respectively. [Conclusion] DNA barcoding based on CO/ gene can be used as a complementary means for morphological identification of some common flies in Yunnan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the appropriate amount and tillage effect of straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage in tobacco production in Hunan's tobacco-rice rotation, with the aim of improving the soil environment of tobacco planting in Hunan and providing scientific basis for improving the quality and increasing the yield of tobacco. [ Method] The experiment used 7 treatments in randomized group design, Tl: no straw-rotted organic fertilizer + conventional tillage; T2: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 1150 kg/hm² + conventional tillage; T3: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 2300 kg/hm² + conventional tillage; T4: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 4600 kglhm2 + conventional tillage; TS: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 1150 kg/hm² + vertical rotary tillage ; T6: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 2300 kg!hm2 + vertical rotary tillage; T7: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 4600 kg/hm² + vertical rotary tillage. The effects of different treatments on soil nutrients, agronomic traits of tobacco plants, physical traits, appearance quality, chemical composition and economic traits of tobacco leaves after baking were studied by ANOV A and comprehensive evaluation. [ Result] The application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage significantly increased soil organic matter and fast-acting nutrient content, and the highest soil fertility level was achieved when the straw-rotted organic fertilizer was applied at 4600 kg/hm² . At the same level of organic fertilizer application, the treatment of organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage had higher soil nutrients, agronomic properties of tobacco plants, physical properties of post-baking tobacco leaves, appearance quality, chemical composition and economic properties than the treatment of organic fertilizer alone. Among them, the 17 treatment had the highest appearance quality and chemical compatibility scores, with an average increase of 19. 86%, 3. 70% and 11. 53%, 2. 78% compared with Tl and T4. The tobacco yield and production value of 17 treatment increased by 12. 85%, 8. 10% and 26. 84%, 10. 46% compared with Tl and T4. The rate of top quality tobacco increased by 13. 80 and 6. 71 percentage points compared with Tl and T4. [Conclusion ] The application of 4600 kg/hm² straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage was the best, and most beneficial to the production of high-quality tobacco in the tobacco-rice rotation area of Hunan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the molecular characteristics, genetic structure and evolutionary mechanism of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus ( CABYV), in order to clarify the epidemic pattern of the virus in the field and formulate long-term sustainable prevention and control strategies which is of great significance. [ Method] 120 melon leaves suspected to be infected with CABYV were randomly collected from Aksu city, Xinjiang. RT-PCR was used to detect the virus. MEGA 7. 0 was used to construct phylogenetic tree, DnaSP vS. 10 was used to analyze the genetic diversity among different sequences, and RDP v. 4. 31 software was used to analyze the possible recombination events of CABYV sequence. [Result] As verified by RT-PCR, 38 samples were CABYV positive, and the detection rate was 31. 67%. A new CABYV-2 was isolated, sequenced and cloned from these positive samples. The length of the genome was 5497 bp, encoding six open reading frames. Compared with 23 CABYV strains isolated from different countries in NCBI database, CABYV-2 had the highest homology with KR231942. 1 and the lowest homology with JF939812. 1. The results of evolutionary tree analysis showed that 24 isolates were divided into two branchesdue to different geographical factors, including CABYV-2 and KR231942. 1 come together and belong to branch 1. The results of genetic diversity and neutral test showed that CABYV was highly variable and population was expanding. The results of recombination analysis showed that there were two recombination events, EU636992. 1 and KR231949.1, which exacerbated the variation of CABYV. [Conclusion] CABYV was isolated from Aksu, Xinjiang and KR231942. 1 from Korea had the closest genetic relationship and the farthest genetic relationship with isolates from European countries. There were great genetic differences between branch 1 and branch 2 isolates. The recombination of cabyv among different hosts intensifies the variation of CABYV recombination and negative selection may be important reasons affecting the genetic variation of CAB YV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the influence of the production area on the growth of Dendrobium carulidum and the composition of metabolites, the different metabolites of D. candidum from different production areas were screened. [ Method] The present study used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) combined with principal component analysis ( PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis ( PLS-DA) and other multivariate statistical analysis methods for non-targeted metabolomics analysis of Dendrobium mobile samples from different productions. [ Result] The principal component analysis of Dendrobium metabolites from different producing areas can distinguish cultivated varieties from wild varieties except Hunan, combined with partial least square discriminant analysis and T test (Student's-test) to compare Hunan wild species and indoor cultivated species to carry out differential metabolite analysis. The cluster heat map analysis ( HCA) was used to verify the differential metabolites, and 20 extremely significant different metabolites were found finally including Propionic acid, Threonine ( P < 0. 01). [Conclusion] There are 20 significantly different metabolites between wild D. candidum and cultivated varieties, mainly organic acid and polysaccharide metabolites. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the identification and authenticity of D. carulidum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective]The present paper aimed to study the relationship between soluble sugar and starch accumulation in barley grains. [Method] Four barley varieties, Mengpi 3, Ganpi 4, Mengpi 5 and Kenpi 7, were used as test materials. Set four nitrogen application levels of 0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/hm2 (marked as N0, N1, N2 and N3, respectively), and the dynamic changes of soluble sugar in vegetative organs and grain starch under different nitrogen application levels during grain filling were analyzed. The contribution of soluble sugar output in vegetative organs to grain starch accumulation was studied, and the correlation between soluble sugar accumulation in vegetative organs and grain total starch, amylase and amylopectin accumulation were explored. [ Result] The accumulation of soluble sugar in leaves, stems and grains of four barley varieties increased at first and then decreased with the growth period, which reached the maximum at 21 days after anthesis. With the increase of nitrogen application level, the accumulation of soluble sugar in leaves, stems and grains of four barley varieties increased at first and then decreased, which reached the maximum under N2 treatment. The total starch, amylose and amylopectin in grains of four barley varieties increased with the growth period. With the increase of nitrogen application level, the total starch, amylase and amylopectin in grains of four barley varieties increased at first and then decreased, which reached the maximum under N 2 treatment. The output of soluble sugar in vegetative organs had an important contribution to starch accumulation, the output of soluble sugar in leaves and stems of four barley varieties before and after flowering was N2 > N3 > N 1 > N0, and the total output of soluble sugar before and after flowering was N2 > N3 > N1 > N0 . The output of soluble sugar in four barley varieties before and after flowering was the largest in stems and the smallest in leaves. The results of correlation analysis showed that at different grain filling stages, the accumulation of soluble sugar in leaves and stems at 7, 21, 28 and 35 days after anthesis was positively correlated with the accumulation of total starch and amylopectin in grains. The accumulation of soluble sugar in leaves and stems on 7, 21, 28 and 35 days after anthesis showed significant and extremely significant positive correlation with the accumulation of amylose in grains. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the best nitrogen application rate was 180 kg!hm2 pure nitrogen when the accumulation of soluble sugar in vegetative organs, the accumulation of starch in grains, the output of soluble sugar in vegetative organs before and after anthesis, and its contribution rate to grain starch reached the maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze whether the accumulation of glycoside alkaloids in different potato tissues has influence on human use and food processing, the accumulation levels of glycoside alkaloids in different potato tissues and organs under different storage conditions were summarized. [ Method ] In the present study, the contents of glucoside alkaloids in tuber and bud tissues of potato resources 1-76 and 6-36 (purple bark), 5-36 and 6-1 ( white bark) were determined by HIGH performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after 60 days of storage in light and cellars. Real-time fluorescence RCR was used to analyze the gene expression of glycoside alkaloid biosynthesis. [ Result ] The detection of glycoalkaloids showed that the content of glycoalkaloids in four kinds of potato sprouts was significantly higher than that in tubers after storage under different conditions, the content of glycoalkaloids in tubers exceeded the safe edible standard ( 0. 2 mg/ g, fresh quality), but whether it was safe to eat and food processing needs more experimental verification ; The detection in the expression of glycoalkaloid biosynthesis-related genes showed that the expression levels of some genes ( StCAS, StSSR2, StGAME4, StSGT I, StSG12) in the glycoalkaloid biosynthesis pathway of different potato resources were closely related to the content of glycoalkaloids, and the expression of other genes in potato had certain tissue specificity. [ Conclusion] By simply and quickly detecting the content of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers and sprouts, this test found that the content of glycoalkaloids in tubers of potato resources ( 1-76, 6-1 ) after storage did not exceed the safety standard, but it was not recommended. The results of this study provided a theoretical reference value for human safe consumption of potatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the genetic diversity of wild sugarcane germplasm resources, and to explore germplasm resources with breeding potential for directional genetic improvement of sugarcane stress resistance. [Method] In the study, the genetic diversity of 44 wild relatives materials divided into three levels according to inter-species, Saccharum spontaneum, S. arundinaceus were analyzed by ISSR molecular markers. [Result] Using 13 ISSR primers screened in 44 inter-species materials, a total of 261 DNA fragments were amplified, among which 259 ( 99%) were polymorphic; Interspecies polymorphism: Saccharum spontaneum > Saccharum arundinaceus > Erianthus fulvus > Miscanthus floridulus > Eulalia speciosa > Narenga porphyrocoma ; The genetic similarity coefficient among 44 inter-species materials varied from 0. 125 to 0. 710. The UPGMA clustering results of the 44 interspecies materials were basically consistent with the morphological classification. The 12 S. arundinaceus materials were clustered together in 0. 815; S. spontaneum and S . arundinaceus materials were close cluster together in 0. 75, Narenga; Miscanthus, Erianthus materials were closer than others clustering in 0. 73 with Saccharum materials. [Conclusion] The study showed that sugarcane wild germplasm resources had high genetic diversity, which could provide germplasm materials and theoretical basis for sugarcane genetic breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The presnet paper aimed to understand flowering habits and pollen fenility of Pueraria lobata, and provide reference for improving the success rate of P. lobata cross pollination. [ Method] In Longzhou county, Guangxi, the bud development process of P. lobata inflorescences were observed every day after it was formed, marked the inflorescences that were about to open in the full bloom period, continuously observed the blooming process of the flowers and recorded the blooming time and weather conditions of the day. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TIC) staining and 12 -KI staining were used to detect pollen activity of P. lobata at different bud stages ( half stretch period, presentation period, half period and blooming period), and the pollen with the strongest pollen viability was selected to carry out the pollen germination test according to the pollen viability measurement results. [ Result] In Longzhou county, Guangxi, P. lobata began to flower on October 16, reached the flowering stage on October 20, and the last flowering stage was from November 2 to November 5. The flowering time of P. lobata was mainly from 15: 10 to 15 :40 every day, and the flowering powder was affected by the weather conditions. Flowering was early when the weather was clear and the temperatute was high, while flowering was delayed when the temperature was low and cloudy and rainy. The pollen activity of P. lobata in different bud stages ( half stretch period, presentation period, half period and blooming period) detected by 12 -KI staining method were 82. l %,95. 3%,93. 5% and 92. 7%,respectively, which were significantly higher than TIC staining method ( P <0. 05, the same as below), and it was more suitable for the detection of the pollen activity of P. lobata. Most of the anthers of the P. lobata flower have already loosened their powder at the beginning of the presentation period, and the stigma was wrapped with large amount. The pollen vitality in the presentation period detected by 12-KI staining was the highest, reaching 95. 3%, which was significantly higher than the other three stages. The pollen quantity and pollen vitality remained at a high level from half stretch period to blooming period. In the medium containing 15 % sucrose, the germination rate of P. lobata pollen was the highest( 36. 23 % ), which was significantly higher than that of the other three sucrose concentrations. [ Conclusion]The 12 -KI staining method can quickly detect the pollen viability of P. lobata. The pollen viability of P. lobata was maintained at a high level from half period to blooming period, and the germination rate was the highest in the medium containing 15% sucrose in sunny weather. 12 -Kl staining method can be used to detect pueraria pollen viability rapidly. Pollen viability of P. lobata remained at a high level from bud opening stage to blooming stage, and pollen at a suitable period could be selected for cross-pollination according to weather conditions to improve the success rate of cross-pollination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to scientifically assess the ecological vulnerability of counties and reveal their spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics, so as to provide reference for the ecological restoration of national space and long-term regional development. [Method] Based on the SRP model, the composite index method and Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) method were used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of ecological vulnerability in Wannian county from 2005 to 2018 and the ecological vulnerability results under different risk levels, respectively, and also combined with spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore its clustering effect in space. [Result] (i) From 2005 to 2018, the ecological vulnerability of Wannian county showed a decreasing trend, and the average value of ecological vulnerability index decreased from 0. 2633 to 0. 1914, with a cumulative decrease of 27. 31 % . The overall spatial pattern of regional ecological vulnerability is ' high in the northwest-low in the middle and west-high in the southeast' . (ii) From 2005 to 2018, the Moran' I index of ecological vulnerability in Wannian county was 0. 504 848,0. 680 825, and 0. 742 960, showing a highly positive correlation and further enhancement of spatial agglomeration. (iii) As the risk coefficient increases, the ecological vulnerability of W annian county gradually increases, and the attitude of decision makers changes from optimistic to pessimistic. The ecological vulnerability under the ' ecologically sustainable' and 'ecologically unsustainable' scenarios was at the level of mild vulnerability (93. 40%) and moderate vulnerability (59. 37%),respectively. (iv) The results of the 'status quo' approach are similar to the results of the ARP-entropy weighting method, indicating the applicability of the OW A method in ecological vulnerability studies. [ Conclusion J The introduction of OW A method for ecological vulnerability assessment can provide a basis for decision makers to coordinate social development and risk management, provide different decision ideas for long-term regional development and zoning management, and assist decision makers to make more comprehensive judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to clarify the genetic background of strawberry hybrids and their parents. [Method] 10 ISSR primers were selected for genetic background analysis of strawberry hybrids and parents. We used the 10 ISSR primers to analyze 12 strawberry cultivars with complex genetic background. [Result] Between the parents, parents and their hybrids, parent and its tissue cultivating variants, the average genetic distances were 0. 3258,0. 2607 and 0. 1981 respectively, and the average genetic similarity coefficient were 0.6551, 0.7478 and 0.7672, respectively. The clustering analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis confirmed that strawberry cultivars had a relatively narrow genetic background between the tested materials, indicating that the selected 10 lSSR primers can be a powerful tool for strawberry genetic background analysis. [Conclusion] The genetic background analysis of strawberry will lay a foundation for germplasm innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To clarify the pathogenic fungus of passion fruit stem rot and its biological characteristics, and to provide theoretical basis for its scientific prevention and control. [Method] This paper used the conventional isolation method of phytopathogenic fungi to isolate the stem-base rot pathogen of passion fruit collected from Guangxi under different ecological conditions. The morphological characteristics were observed and the pathogenic traits were determined. The rDNA-ITS sequences were analyzed to identify the pathogenic fungus causing passion fruit stem rot. [Result] The same morphological strain 32-WUB3 was isolated from typical pass ion fruit stem rot symptomatic plants collected from various pass ion fruit planting bases in Guangxi. After morphological, molecular biological and pathogenicity tests, Lasiodiplodia theobromae was identified as the causal agent of passion fruit stem rot. The mycelial growth rate of the pathogen was high at 28 and 30°C. The colony diameters were 8. 27 and 8. 31 cm, respectively, which were extremely significantly higher than those at other temperatures (P < 0. 01, the same as below). The fastest mycelial growth was under full light conditions, with a colony diameter of 8. 49 cm. Its diameter was extremely significantly higher than that of colonies in total darkness, and significantly higher than that of colonies in half light and half darkness (P < 0. 05, the same as below). The optimum pH for mycelial growth was 3. 00 - 8. 00. In this pH range, the mycelium grew faster and the colony diameter reached 8. 10 - 8. 44 cm. The difference between treatments was not significant( P > 0. 05), but there was a significant difference in colony diameter from pH 9. 00 to 11. 00 for each treatment. Mycelium grew the fastest in PDA medium. Its colony diameter reached 9. 00 cm, which was extremely significantly higher than the colony diameter of other media Mycelium grew the fastest when the car bon source was glucose. The colony diameter reached 7. 78 cm, which was significantly higher than the colony diameter of other carbon sources. The mycelium grew the fastest when the nitrogen source was yeast powder. The colony diameter was 7. 13 cm. The nitrogen sources as followed were peptone, DL-alanine, L-arginine and glycine. The differences among the treatments were not significant, but all were significantly higher than the colony diameter with beef paste, urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, L-lysine and CK as the nitrogen source. The mycelial lethal conditions of this pathogenic mycelium were 52°C and 10 min of treatment [Conclusion] L. theobromae is the causal agent of stem rot of passion fruit The suitable temperature for mycelial growth of this pathogen was 28 - 30°C, pH was 3. 00 - 8. 00, lighting was full light, and the medium was PDA The carbon source was glucose, the nitrogen source was yeast powder, and the mycelial lethal condition was treatment at 52°C for 10 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the excellent genes of germplasm resources of Tiebt barley and provide high-quality materials for breeding. [Method] The genetic diversity, clustering and principal component analysis of 13 agronomic traits were carried out by using Excel and SPSS 21. 0 software with 140 germplasm resources from different areas of Tibet [Result] There was rich genetic diversity in barley resources in Tibet, and the coefficient of variation of panicle number per plant among 8 agronomic traits was 43.7%. Cluster analysis divided the 140 materials into five groups at the genetic distances of 6 level, of which 3 5 materials were in group I, 29 materials were in group II, 33 materials were in group Ill, 15 materials were in group N and 28 materials were in group V. The results of principal component analysis showed that when the 8 agronomic traits were simplified into 3 principal components, the cumulative contribution rate was 72. 587 %, and the contribution rate of panicle per plant was the highest, which was 0. 829. [Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of germplasm resources in Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the main factors affecting the yield of Brassica napus L in different regions of Sichuan province, so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding B. napus L. varieties suitable for different rapeseed producing areas in Sichuan province. [Method] Variation analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the agronomic characters and the yield of B. napus L . [Result] In Xindu, Deyang and Dazhou regions, the most variation of agronomic trait was the first branch numbers. The value was the number of seeds per siliquain Chongzhou and Mianyang regions. It was the number of effective siliqua per plant in Nanchang, Yibin, Jianyang, and Leshan regions. The least variation of agronomic traits was the plant hight, in the Xindu, Chongzhou, Jianyang, Mianyang, and Deyang regions. It was 1000-seed weight, in the Nanchang, Yibin, Leshan, and Dazhou regions. The yield of Xindu region was significant or highly significant negative correlated with the first branch numbers and the number of effective siliqua per plant But, it was significant positive correlated with the plant hight and the number of seeds per siliqua. The yield of Nanchang region was significant or highly significant positive correlated with the plant hight, the first branch numbers, and the number of effective siliqua per plant. The yield of Yibin region was highly significant positive correlated with the plant hight. The yield of Jianyang region was significant or highly significant positive correlated with the number of effective siliqua per plant and the number of seeds per siliqua. But, it was highly significant negative correlated with the 1000-seed weight. The yield of Leshan region was significant positive correlated with the number of effective siliqua per plant. There was no significant correlation between yield and main agronomic traits in Mianyang, Deyang, and Dazhou region. In Xindu region, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were respectively the number of seeds per siliqua and the the number of effective siliqua per plant. Those were both the number of seeds per siliqua in Chongzhou region. In Nanchong and Jianyang regions, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were respectively the number of seeds per siliqua and the 1000-seed weight. Those values were respectively the number of effective siliqua per plant and the first branch numbers in both Mianyang and Dazhou regions. In Deyang region, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were both the number of effective siliqua per plant. [Conclusion] There were differences in the coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits of B. napus L in different producing areas of Sichuan province, and there were differences in correlation with yield. The effects of yield components on yield should be fully considered in breeding, as well as the comprehensive effects of other traits. The present study provides a scientific basis for breeding B. napus L varieties suitable for different regions of Sichuan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective]This paper aimed to explore the law of germanium migration and transformation in soil-rice system and its influencing factors under actual production conditions in the field. [Method] 60 samples of rice root soil, 60 samples of grain and 10 samples of root, stem and leaf were collected systematically In Xianfeng county, Enshi prefecture, Hubei province. Nutrient elements such as germanium and selenium, organic matter content, pH value in rice root soil and content of germanium and some nutritive elements in root, stem and leaf of rice were tested, the correlation analysis of germanium content in soil and rice seeds was conducted, and the factors affecting the bioabsorption coeffi. cient of germanium in rice and the regularity of germanium transfer and transformation in soil-rice system were studied. [ Result] The average germanium content in the rice root soil of Xianfeng county was 1. 58 mykg, slightly lower than the background value of germanium content in soil in China ( 1. 70 mwkg). The average content of germanium in rice seeds was only 0. 031 mwkg,but the content of germanium in rice seeds in Pingbaying town in the south of Xianfeng county was much higher than that in Nanchuan district of Chongqing city and Changshan county of Zhejiang province, which had been reported. The average content of selenium in rice seeds in the whole region was also 0. 072 my kg, which showed great potential for the development of rice rich in germanium and selenium. The bioabsorption coefficient of germanium in rice was generally low, only 0. 29% - 6. 04%, and the accumulation rule of germanium in rice was only 30 %, which completely conformed to the rule and result of previous experiments : stem and leaf > root > brown rice, most of them still conformed to the general element migration law: root > stem and leaf > brown rice. [ Conclusion ] Correlation analysis showed that the germanium absorption capacity of rice was very significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter content, Ge and S content in root soil, and significantly positively correlated with pH value. However, there was an insignificant negative correlation with the nutrient elements Na2O, SiO2,Al2O3 and K2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective ] The study aimed to explore the corresponding mechanism of exogenous selenium on transcriptome and the excavation of related functional genes in ice plant. [ Method ] The transcriptome database of ice plant was constructed by using high-throughput sequencing. [ Result ] Apart from brassinosteroid, other 7 pathways of hormone signal transduction in ice plants were significantly affected by selenium treatment.. With the deepening of selenium treatment, auxin signal transduction was promoted, and downstream gene expression was activated; In the cytokinin signal transduction pathway, AHP was sensitive to selenium treatment, A-ARR was significantly up-regulated by selenium treatment, but wasn't sensitive to the change of selenium concentration; With the concentration of selenium treatment increased, the downstream TF of gibberellin signal transduction was activated, which promoted the growth of the stem and leaf of ice plant; In the signal transduction pathway of abscisic acid, selenium treatment (10 mmol/L) reduced the expression of SnRK2 significantly, which inhibited the stomatal closure and led to the dehydration of ice plant ; Selenium treatment ( 100 mmol/L) significantly restored the expression of SnRK2 ; In the ethylene signal transduction pathway, with the increase of selenium concentration, the expression of ETR and ERFl/2 decreased and the maturity and senescence of ice plant were further inhibited; In jasmonic acid signal transduction pathway, selenium treatment ( 10 mmol/L) promoted the up-regulation of ]AZ and MYC2 expression and regulated the stress of selenium on ice plant; Selenium treatment ( 100 mmol/L) had no significant effecton JAZ and MYC2 expression, indicating that high concentration selenium treatment had no significant effect on jasmonic acid signal transduction pathway; In the signal transduction pathway of salicylic acid, TGA and PR-1 had no up-down-regulated exlpression under the condition of selenium treatment ( 10 mmol/L), TGA down-regulated expression and PR-1 up-regulated expression under the condition of selenium treatment ( 100 mmol/L), which activated the selenium response ability of ice plant. The relative expression of? DEGs was consistent with the trend of transcriptome analysis by real-time quantitative PCR. [ Conclusion ] This paper aimed to establish an important basis for the key gene mining and genetic breeding of ice plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] This paper aimed to understand the biological information and function of the Heat shock transcription factor( Hsf) in apple. [ Method]36 Hsfs were retrieved from the apple genome GDH13 vl. l,confirmed by Pfam and NCBI Conserved Domain Database,and then,TBTools,ExPASy,MEME and other software were used to further analyze33 genes with complete Hsf domain. [ Result]The proteins encoded by these genes contained 189 - 530 amino acids, with molecular weights of 21 703. 71 - 58 972. 96, and isoelectric points of 4. 55 - 8. 58. The prediction of subcellular localization showed that MD00G1095900 and MD02G1171800 could be located in chloroplast/nucleus, MD05G1313700 could be located in nucleus/mitochondria,and other Hsf were localized in the nucleus. Chromosome mapping and synteny analysis showed that there was no tandem duplication of apple Hif genes, but there were segmental duplication in 16 pairs of 24 apple Hif genes. Under saline-alkali stress, the expression of most Hif genes were significantly down-regulated. Protein interaction network analysis showed that MD03 G1258300 interacts with heat shock protein, superoxide dismutase copper chaperone, protein phosphatase 2C, and sucrose unfermentable 1-associated protein kinase 'Y regulatory subunit. MD15G1283700 interacts with heat shock protein, IAA amino acid hydrolase and alkaline leucine zipper. [Conclusion] Hsfs of apple may play an important role in regulating the response to saline-alkali stress, which provides some theoretical reference for further study of biological functions of Hsfs in apple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effect of urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer rods on the growth and nutrient absorption of rubber seedlings, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer rods on rubber trees. [Method] Using urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer with 0%,25%, 50%, and 75 % of total nitrogen as the test fertilizer, the pot experiment of rubber tree seedlings was carried out to study the effects of different urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer rods on the growth and nutrient absorption of rubber tree seedlings. [ Result] When the urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer rod with 50% urea-formaldehyde nitrogen was applied, the plant height and stem diameter of the rubber seedlings were the largest, which were 149. 32 cm and 17. 96 mm,respectively. But it was not significantly different from conventional fertilizer treatment. With the increase of the proportion of urea-formaldehyde nitrogen, the whole plant biomass, nitrogen absorption, phosphorus absorption, potassium absorption and fertilizer use efficiency of the rubber tree seedlings all showed as increased first and then decreased. When the urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer rod with 50 % urea-formaldehyde nitrogen was applied, the whole plant biomass, nitrogen absorption, phosphorus absorption,potassium absorption and fertilizer use efficiency of the rubber tree seedlings were the largest. [Conclusion] It is most beneficial to the growth of rubber seedlings and nutrient absorption of rubber tree seedlings when the urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer rod with 50% urea-formaldehyde nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] In this paper, the endophyte and rice blast infected rice ( Oryza sativa L ) Liaoxing 1 seedlings were used as tested materials to explore whether Suaeda salsa endophyte ( EF0801) could improve rice seedlings tolerance to rice blast. [ Methods] Morphological indicators, photosynthetic pigment content, defensive enzyme activity, MDA content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice seedlings with endophyte( EF0801) and/ or rice blast were determined. [Results] Rice-blast infection significantly decreased Chlb content, inhibited the photosystem ll ( PSll) oxygen-evolving complex, altered the electron transfer, decreased the photosynthetic efficiency and the photosynthetic perlormance index; After infection with rice-blast, the morphological indicators of seedlings with endophytic infection were better than those with endophytic uninfection, moreover endophytic infection increased the defensive enzyme activity, decreased MDA content, increased Cars content, as well as maintained PS II oxygen-evolving complex stability and normal electron transfer proceeds, meanwhile improved photosynthetic perlormance index and photosynthetic efficiency. [ Conclusion] Infection by endophytes ( EF0801) increased the activity of defensive enzymes in rice seedlings, reduced the content of MDA, alleviated the damage of rice-blast to PS II and improved the resistance of rice to riceblast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the effect of spraying GA3 on the efficient and safe production of ' Sanqing' asparagus lettuce. [ Method] The ' Sanqing' asparagus lettuce variety ' Gaoshanqing' was used as the experiment material and the method of foliar spraying was used. The effect of spraying GA3 (0,12. 5,25,50 and 100 mg/L) on the Growth,photosynthetic electron transport and cyanide content of ' Sanqing' asparagus lettuce were studied. [Result] Spraying different concentrations of GA3 increased the plant height and stem diameter of asparagus lettuce. The plant height of asparagus lettuce in T4 treatment was the largest, but there was no significant difference from T3 treatment. Except for November 25, the stem diameter of asparagus lettuce after spraying GA3 was the largest with T3, but there was no significant difference from T4 treatment. T3 treatment ( 50 mg/ L GA3 ) and CK were selected for the determination of photosynthetic index and cyanide content, and spraying GA3 increases the photosynthetic electron transport performance and cyanide content of ' Sanqing' asparagus lettuce. The RNA-seq data revealed that many genes related to photosynthetic and cyanide showed significant up-regulated. [Conclusion] Spraying GA3 enhanced the photoprotective ability of 'Sanqing' asparagus lettuce leaves, improved its photosynthesis, and promoted its cyanide content. The cyanide content was far lower than the food safety regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper standardize or unify the wheat seedling culture methods, reduce experimental errors, and promote the comparability of research results under different culture environments. [ Method ] The current main indoor culture methods of soil culture, sand culture, vermiculite culture and Hoagland nutrient solution hydroponics were selected to comprehensively analyze their effects on wheat seed germination and seedling growth, root morphological and quantitative traits and physiological traits. [ Result] The results showed that the quality and root development of wheat seedlings were different under different culture conditions. Survey and analysis in different period, the seedling plant height, leaf emergence speed, leaf area per plant, seedling dry weight per plant, total root length per plant, total root surface area per plant, total root volume per plant, total root branches per plant, total root absorption surface per plant, root activity absorption surface per plant and root vigor, physiological potential per plant changes were characterized by soil culture > hydroponic culture > sand culture > vermiculite culture, and the change of the mean root diameter per plant was characterized by soil culture < hydroponic culture < sand culture < vermiculite culture. The nutrient content and accumulation in roots were higher in soil and hydroponics, followed by sand and vermiculite. Under hydroponics and soil culture conditions, there was no significant difference in leaf rate, leaf area per plant, dry weight of seedlings, total root length per plant, total root surface area and total root volume. [ Conclusion] Among the four indoor culture methods selected in this experiment, the seedling quality and root development quality of wheat under soil culture environment were the best, followed by hydroponics, and the difference between them did not reach a significant level, that is, hydroponics was close to soil culture, and hydroponics could replace soil culture in order to seek for simplicity, speed and efficiency, or when non-pollution seedling materials were needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to study the effects of immobilized culture on the physiology, ecology and water purification of Euglena gracilis, and a controlled experiment was conducted for 12 days. [Method] Immobilized group ( experimental group) and liquid suspended state group ( control group) were set in the experiment in order to compare two kinds of cultivation model of Euglena gracilis ( cell density, relative growth rate), physiological and biochemical indexes [ chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total photosynthetic pigment content, superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) ]as well as its removal rate of inorganic nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen) in aquaculture wastewater respectively. [ Result] The cell density and photosynthetic pigment content of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0. 05). In addition, both treatment groups showed a trend of SOD, MDA first increasing and then decreasing. However, at the end of the test ( Day 12), SOD in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while MDA in the experimental group was obviously lower than that in the control group ( P < 0. 05). The removal rate of inorganic nitrogen from wastewater in the immobilized group was always high, and the difference was considerable at the later stage of the experiment ( P < 0. 05). [Conclusion] Immobilized culture can effectively promote the growth of Euglena gracilis and the accumulation of photosynthetic pigment and also enhance the antioxidant capacity of Euglena gracilis and the removal rate of inorganic nitrogen in water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] This paper aimed to overcome the easy breakdown of conventional disease resistant plants. [ Method] A new kind of transgenic rice plant5 was generated based on Host Induced Gene Silencing ( HIGS) technology. [Results] SEC11, a key subunit of signal peptide complex in Magnaporthe oryzae, was selected for generating the HIGS expression vector by gateway technology. HIGS vector was transferred into the Japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare by agrobacterium mediated transformation to obtain transgenic rice plants. The spray assay with conidia of rice blast indicated that the HIGS transgenic rice plants were improved in rice blast resistance. [Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for molecular breading of rice blast resistant varieties with HIGS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the influence of the selenium-enriched astragalus polysaccharide（ SAPS） on antioxidant function,lipid metabolism,tissue selenium content and immunity of Bashang long-tailed chickens.【Method】The experiment adopted a completely randomized trial design according to the routine feeding management and regulations. 1000 healthy Bashang long-tailed chicken aged 30 weeks were selected. The chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 replocates per group and 20 chickens for each replicatie. The experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0. 1%（ groupⅠ）,0. 3%（ groupⅡ）,0. 5%（ group Ⅲ）,0. 7%（ group Ⅳ） and 0. 9%（ group Ⅴ） selenium-enriched astragalus polysaccharide.【Result】Compared with group I, with the addition dose of the selenium-enriched astragalus polysaccharide from 0. 1% to 0. 9%,SOD and GSH PX in group III were significantly increased by 0. 13% and 0. 4%,respectively（ P < 0. 05）,and there was no significant effect between group III and other groups（ P > 0. 05）; MDA content was the lowest in group III, but there were no significant differences among test groups（ P > 0. 05）. Plasma cholesterol in group III was significantly lower than that in group I,II,IV and V by 0. 9%,0. 6%,0. 3% and0. 6%,respectively（ P < 0. 05）. The selenium-enriched astragalus polysaccharide had no significant effects on Liver cholesterol（ P > 0. 05）.Triglyceride: compared with group V, triglyceride in group III was decreased by 0. 9%（ P < 0. 05）,but there was no significant difference compared with other test groups（ P > 0. 05）,and liver triglyceride in group III was significantly lower than group V by 0. 98%（ P < 0. 05）.Egg selenium content in group III was the highest, which was higher than that in other groups by 4. 67%,4. 28%,4. 04% and 4. 28%（ P <0. 05）. Compared with groupⅠand groupⅤ, serum selenium content in group Ⅲ was significantly increased by 6. 60% and 4. 87%（ P <0. 05）. Liver selenium content in group Ⅲ was higher than that in groupⅠand groupⅤ by 4. 79% and 4. 12%（ P < 0. 05）. Kidney seleniumin content in group Ⅲ was increased by 4. 61%,3. 58%,3. 95% and 4. 77%,respectively（ P < 0. 05）. Spleen index: there were significant effects among group Ⅲ and groupⅠ, groupⅡand groupⅤ（ P < 0. 05）. Compared with low dose groups, bursa of fabricius index in groupⅢ was significantly increased（ P < 0. 05）. Newcastle disease antibody at 7 days age: group Ⅲ was the highest, and there were significant effects among groupⅠ,groupⅡ and groupⅤ（ P < 0. 05）; And group Ⅲ was significantly increased than groupⅤ by 18%（ P < 0. 05）,groupⅢ was significantly increased than groupⅠby 16%（ P < 0. 05） at 10 days age; 7 days age: compared with groupⅠ, groupⅡand groupⅤ, Avian influenza antibody in group Ⅲ was the highest, and there were significant differences among groups（ P < 0. 05）; compared with groupⅤ, antibody titer in group Ⅲ was increased by 19%（ P < 0. 05）,and the differences among groupⅡ,group Ⅳand groupⅤ were significant（ P >0. 05）.【Conclusion】The results indicated that the selenium-enriched astragalus polysaccharide added into the basal diet could improve the antioxidant function and tissue selenium content, and enhance the immunity and lipid metabolism ability. The dosage of 0. 5% was more advantageous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to realize the genetic resources and genetic relationship of Henan Big-tail sheep, Small-tail Han sheep and Yuxi Fat-tail sheep.【Method】The genetic diversity of mitochondrion（ mt DNA） D-loop and genetic differentiation of Henan sheep breeds were analyzed in the present study.【Result】50 haplotypes were identified in total,23 in Small-tail Han sheep,25 in Yuxi Fattail sheep, and three in Henan Big-tail sheep. The haplotype diversity were 0. 975,0. 936 and 0. 667,the nucleotide diversity were 0. 0230,0. 0129 and 0. 0270 in Small-tail Han sheep, Yuxi Fat-tail sheep and Henan Big-tail sheep, showing abundant genetic diversity of D-loop sequence in Small-tail Han and Yuxi Fat-tail sheep. The phylogenetic tree gathered these three sheep breeds into three lineages（ A-C）,the three breeds exsisted in all three lineages. The genetic distance of Small-tail Han sheep and Yuxi Fat-tail sheep was the farest（ 0. 0303）. The genetic distance of Henan Big-tail sheep and Small-tail sheep was the nearest（ 0. 0260）. The neutrality test demonstrated that Small-tail Han sheep and Yuxi Fat-tail sheep maintained equilibrium（ P >0. 1）,while Henan Big-tail sheep undergone bottleneck effect（ P <0. 05） in recent decades. The network result showed three maternal origins of Henan sheep breeds. 【Conclusion 】Three Henan sheep breeds showed high genetic diversity. The genetic distances reach the standard of subspecies difference. Small-tail sheep was farthest to Yuxi Fat-tail sheep and nearest to Henan Big-tail sheep. Henan sheep breeds have three maternal origins. The study will provide theoretical basis for the study of genetic relationship and population history, and the protection of genetic resources for Henan sheep breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the distributions of heat and humidity environment in the intensive curing period.【Method】The CFD model of the standard bulk curing room was established. The large simulation software Fluent was used to conduct systematic numerical simulation of the temperature, humidity and air distribution inside bulk curing room during the baking and color fixing period, and the validity of the model was verified.【Result】Numerical simulation results showed that under the typical air supply parameters in the color fixing period, the temperature in the upper leaf area was the highest, and that in the lower leaf area was the minimum; In the tobacco stacking area, horizontal temperature gradient increased gradually from top to bottom, and the relative humidity at the air inlet area was the lowest, and at the bottom of the door side was the highest; Temperature and humidity showed uneven distribution on the whole. Based on the numerical simulation results, the distributions of temperature, humidity and air distribution in the smoke chamber under the typical air supply parameters in the color fixing period were analyzed. Considering the reasonable energy consumption of the fan and the wind speed between blades, the wind speed of the inlet should be selected from 3.5-4.2 m/s.【Conclusion】The numerical simulation results can provide reference for the internal structure optimization of bulk curing room and the selection of fan intake during the roasting and color fixing period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the variation trend of weed community in paddy fields and the effect of grass control. [ Method] The weed communities and control effects of flat-cropping fish, flat-cropping ducks, flat-cropping rice, chamber-cropping fish, chamber-cropping ducks and chamber-cropping rice were investigated. [Result] There was a big difference in weed species between chamber farming and flat planting, flat cropping was mainly harmed by monocotyledonous weeds, annual weeds, and mid-late weeds, while chamber cropping was mainly harmed by annual weeds, monocotyledonous weeds and early weeds; The weed control effect of flat cropping was better than that of chamber cropping, the density control effects of flat-cropping ducks and fish were 90. 28% and 98. 61 %, and the chamber cropping of ducks and fish were 88. 00% and 67. 00%. The results also showed that the Simpon index,Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and species richness of chamber-cropping were higher than that of flat cropping; The Simpon index, Shannon Wiener index, Pielou index and species richness of duck farming in flat-cropping fish were higher than that in flat-cropping ducks; In early stage, Simpon index, Shannon Wiener index, Pielou evenness index and species richness of chamber-cropping ducks were higher than that in chamber-cropping fish, and in later stage were opposite. [ Conclusion] The raising farming and fish farming significantly changed the community structure and composition of weeds in paddy fields. The effect of duck farming on weeds was higher than that of fish farming in chamber cropping, and the effect of fish farming on weeds was higher than that of ducks farming in flat cropping. However, fish and duck farming in rice fields had an imponant effect on weeds and played an imponant role in controlling weeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of raising ducks in paddy field on straw degradation and soil fertility under different straw returning methods and solve the problem of green fertilization under the mode of raising ducks in paddy fields. [Method] Six treatments [the straw non-returning (BR) (as a control), straw non-returning coupled with duck raising (BD), complete straw returning (ZR), complete straw returning coupled with duck raising (ZD ), crushed straw returning (FR), crushed straw returning coupled with duck raising (FD) J were set, and the straw weight loss rate, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter and pH were measured. [Result] (i) Raising ducks in paddy field could promote the degradation of straw under different straw returning methods, and the FD had a better effect. (ii ) After 60 days, the weight loss rate of FD reached 62. 50%, which was an increase of 0. 27% to 5. 25 % compared with FR, ZD and ZR (iii) FD had the best degradation effect on hemicellulose. After 60 days, the remaining hemicellulose content in straw of FD was 3. 85 %, which was lower than FR, ZD and ZR of 20. 62 % to 47. 97%. (iv ) Compared with the control, straw returning and duck raising could effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility, and FD had a better effect. Compared with BR, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter content of FD increased by 2. 99%, 7. 31 %, 5. 36%, 14. 58% and 11. 94%, and all reached significant differences (P < 0. 05). [Conclusion] Raising ducks in paddy field can effectively promote straw degradation, improve the fertility effect of returning straw to the field, and benefit the sustainable development of rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to improve the fruit quality, yield and water use efficiency of cherry tomato cultivated in solar greenhouse substrate. [Method] 'Jinfei' was used as the experimental material, and a completely randomized block design was adopted. Under the condition of split root irrigation, the total irrigation amount of cherry tomato in growth period was kept constant, the designed irrigation frequency was once a day (Dl), once every two days (D2) and once every three days (D3), the alternate frequency was that one side was irrigated once (Tl), twice (T2) and three times (TI), and then the other side was irrigated alternately, and a total of 9 treatments were used to analyze the effects of different irrigation frequency and alternate frequency on the quality, yield and water use efficiency of cherry tomato. [Result] The different irrigation frequency and alternate frequency had significant effects on the biomass accumulation of cherry tomato. The dry matter accumulation of DlTI was the highest, 249. 28 g/plant, but had no significant effect on the root shoot ratio;Reducing irrigation frequency could weaken the photosynthetic activity of plants and reduce the ability of leaves to capture light energy; The vitamin C content of D2 TI was the highest, which was significantly increased by 4. 49% to 191. 37 mg / kg compared with Dl Tl ; The contents of soluble solids and organic acids of Dl TI were not significantly different from those of D 1 Tl, but the contents of soluble sugar and sugar acid of Dl Tl were significantly increased by 20. 25% and 21. 33%, respectively;The average fruit weight, yield and water use efficiency of DlTI were significantly increased by 17. 76%, 9. 85% and 9. 85% compared with that of DlTl, respectively. [Conclusion]The comprehensive evaluation of treatment DlTI was the best, and it was the best irrigation strategy under alternate root zone irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aim of the paper was to explore the effects of simple fruit thinning methods for different canopy on the quality of early ripening citrus fruits in Yunnan, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the cultivation techniques of early ripening citrus fruits. [Method] Using the early-ripening citrus variety 'Okitus wase' as the test material, the tree crown was evenly divided into three parts :upper part, middle part and lower part Three treatments were designed: thinning the upper part of the tree crown (Tl), thinning the lower part of the tree crown (TI) and non thinning (CK),to analyze the fruit development,post-harvest quality and changes in tree carbohydrate nutrition after fruit thinning. [Result] Compared with the control, different canopy thinning treatments had different effects on fruit developmenL The development of transverse and longitudinal diameter of T2 was always better than that of CK ; The fruits of Tl and CK were flat and round, and the fruits of T2 were nearly round When the fruits were mature, the ratio of soluble solids and sugar to acid in Tl and TI were significantly higher than that of CK, while their titrated acid content decreased slightly ; The brightness and yellowness of peels in T2 were significantly higher than those of CK, while its the greenness was lower. After fruit thinning, the overall root carbohydrate decreased first and then increased The contents cl total soluble sugar and starch in the root of TI were significantly higher than that of CK in late October after fruit picking. [Conclusion] Thinning fruit in the lower part of the canopy will significantly promote fruit growth, improve coloring, enhance fruit quality and increase tree nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of different types of fruit bags on the formation of fruit quality and the change of peel pigment of Qiumitao No. 1, so as to provide reference for the high-quality production of Qiumitao No. 1 in southern China. [Method] Taking the fruit of Qiumitao No. 1 as the experimental material, four different types of fruit bags (yellow outside and black inside, single yellow bag, single white bag, single semi white translucent bag) were bagged after the first physiological fruit drop. The changes of pigment content in single fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameters, fruit size, peel pigment, and pulp glyc acid content and relative enzyme activities were measured and analyzed every 7 days (5 times), before plucking fruit, and the change rule was analyzed. [Result] The results showed that the surface of fruit covered with yellow outside and black inside double-layer bag was smooth, the chlorophyll content was significantly lower than that of single-layer bag and showing white jade color (P < 0. OS, the same as below), the longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and single fruit weight were higher than those of the other three treatments, and the content of quinic acid, malic acid, sucrose, sorbitol and total sugar of fruit covered with yellow outside and black inside double-layer bag were significantly lower than those of other single-layer bag treatments, which match with the light taste at maturity. Among the three single-layer bags, the yellow singlelayer bag had higher sucrose and fructose content, lower citric acid and quinic acid content, the highest total sugar content, the lowest total acid content and the highest sugar acid ratio. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the acid invertase activity and neutral invertase activity with sucrose content at late stage of fruit development (P > 0. OS). [Conclusion] Qiumitao No. 1 bagged with double-layer yellow outside and black inside has low pigment content and beautiful appearance, but the content of sugar and acid was lower, and the taste was lighter; the peel pigment content of Qiumitao No. 1 bagged with single-layer yellow fruit bag was higher than that of double-layer bag, and the fruit appearance was green and dull, but the content of sugar and acid in the fruit was higher than that of other bagged fruits. In production and markting, the type of fruit bag can be selected according to the needs of sales, which can improve the overall economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to explore the effects of low nitrogen stress on the growth and soil nutrients of tartary buckwheat in the hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, the present paper determined plants and soil characteristics of tartary buckwheat with different nitrogen stress among the whole growth period It could provide a scientific basis for the optimal management of farmland nitrogen fertilizer in the loess hilly and gully region. [Method] The study took different nitrogen buckwheat (Heifeng No. 1, HF, intolerant to low nitrogen, Diqing Tartary Buckwheat, D Q, tolerant to low nitrogen) as the research objects, and set 3 levels of nitrogen application as follows : 0 kg/hm² (NO, no nitrogen treatment), 80 kg/hm² (Nl, low-nitrogen treatment), 160 kg/hm² (N², normal nitrogen treatment). Plant indexes (plant height, stem thickness, leaf area) and soil characteristics (soil water content, pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium) were determined during the whole growth periods. [Result] (i) Cultivar, nitrogen treatment and the interaction between the two had extremely significant effects on tartary buckwheat plants (P < 0. 01). Under Nl treatment, the plant height, stem thickness and leaf area of DQ in the seedling stage were 9. 7 %, 10. 5 %, and 17. 7 % higher than that of HF. The plant height and stem thickness of DQ in the flowering stage were 9. 5 % and 7. 4 % higher than that of HF. The stem thickness and leaf area of DQ were 5. 4 % and 3 6. 2 % higher than those of HF. (ii) The cultivars, nitrogen treatments and the interaction between the two had a significant impact on soil nutrients (P < 0. 01). After the growth period, the soil nutrient indexes of the two cultivars were lower than those of the sowing period, but soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and total potassium of DQ were higher than those of HF under Nl treatment of98. 8%, 11. 6%, 44. 7%, 11. 6%, 80. 41%, 4. 2%, respectively. [Conclusion] The DQ (low nitrogen tolerant) has better water conservation and green manure benefits than HF (intolerant to low nitrogen) as its larger leaf area and stem thickness could buffer the direct erosion of rainfall on the ground and resist wind to prevent plant lodging. In addition, the rhizosphere soil nutrient content of DQ was higher than HF after being harvested which could reduce the fertilizer consumption in the next season and was also more conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to explore the effects of low nitrogen stress on the growth and soil nutrients of tartary buckwheat in the hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, the present paper determined plants and soil characteristics of tartary buckwheat with different nitrogen stress among the whole growth period It could provide a scientific basis for the optimal management of farmland nitrogen fertilizer in the loess hilly and gully region. [Method] The study took different nitrogen buckwheat (Heifeng No. 1, HF, intolerant to low nitrogen, Diqing Tartary Buckwheat, D Q, tolerant to low nitrogen) as the research objects, and set 3 levels of nitrogen application as follows : 0 kg/hm² (NO, no nitrogen treatment), 80 kg/hm² (Nl, low-nitrogen treatment), 160 kg/hm² (N², normal nitrogen treatment). Plant indexes (plant height, stem thickness, leaf area) and soil characteristics (soil water content, pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium) were determined during the whole growth periods. [Result] (i) Cultivar, nitrogen treatment and the interaction between the two had extremely significant effects on tartary buckwheat plants (P < 0. 01 ). Under Nl treatment, the plant height, stem thickness and leaf area of DQ in the seedling stage were 9. 7 %, 10. 5 %, and 17. 7 % higher than that of HF. The plant height and stem thickness of DQ in the flowering stage were 9. 5 % and 7. 4 % higher than that of HF. The stem thickness and leaf area of DQ were 5. 4 % and 3 6. 2 % higher than those of HF. (ii) The cultivars, nitrogen treatments and the interaction between the two had a significant impact on soil nutrients (P < 0. 01). After the growth period, the soil nutrient indexes of the two cultivars were lower than those of the sowing period, but soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and total potassium of DQ were higher than those of HF under Nl treatment of98. 8%, 11. 6%, 44. 7%, 11. 6%, 80. 41%, 4. 2%, respectively. [Conclusion] The DQ (low nitrogen tolerant) has better water conservation and green manure benefits than HF (intolerant to low nitrogen) as its larger leaf area and stem thickness could buffer the direct erosion of rainfall on the ground and resist wind to prevent plant lodging. In addition, the rhizosphere soil nutrient content of DQ was higher than HF after being harvested which could reduce the fertilizer consumption in the next season and was also more conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to determine the stable nutritional quality of sweet potato under which soil texture, and to determine the main soil nutrient factors that affect the nutritional quality. [Method] Collecting 60 plant samples of sweet potato variety Gaoxi-14 and 60 bags of non-rhizosphere soil samples, the soil texture, 8 soil physical and chemical indexes and 5 sweet potato nutritional quality indexes were determined and analyzed. [Result] The coefficient of variation of the nutritional quality indicators of sweet potato, including amylose, amylopectin, total starch, soluble sugar and protein, was smaller in clay loam and loam, and larger in clay soil. Sweet potato amylose in loam was mainly negatively affected by pH, and the soluble sugar content was significantly higher than that in clay. Sweet potato amylose and amylopectin in clay loam were mainly affected by ammonium nitrogen positively and negatively. Sweet potato amylose and amylopectin in clay were mainly negatively affected by organic matter. [Conclusion] Loam soil and low pH are beneficial to produce stable quality and high amylose sweet potatoes, clay loam and high ammonium nitrogen are beneficial to produce stable quality and high amylose sweet potatoes, clay loam and low ammonium nitrogen are beneficial to produce stable quality and high branched chains starchy sweet potato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to solve the technical problems of weed control and screen out the best herbicides for providing a basis for the safe and efficient use of herbicide in Yunnan castor fields. [Method] Eight kinds of herbicide treatments were studied by detecting physiological indexes and the safety of the field survey, at the same time evaluating the use of herbicides influence on castor growth period, agronomic traits and yield. [Result] The experiment results showed that the plant height of castor and functional leaf SP AD (chlorophyll content) of the treatment group of 480 g/L trifluralin with dosage of ingredient 3240 g!hm2 decreased for 14 days after spraying the herbicide. Therefore, the use of soil-sealed herbicide could not meet the production needs in Yunnan. The plant height and SPAD for 14 days after using 25% rimsulfuron between the seeding stage and the budding stage of castor were not affected, and using 25% rimsulfuron with the dosage of ingredient 90 g/ hm2 +45% quizalofop-P-ethy with dosage of ingredient 62 g/hm2 not only had the best weed control effect in the fields, but also the main spike height, effective raceme number of single plant, main spike capsules, area yield (main spike), yield increase rate of castor were significantly higher than those of the control group. [Conclusion] Rimsulfuron alone after seedling is not enough to effectively control various weeds in Yunnan castor fields. Mixed rimsulfuron and quizalofop-P-ethyl together can improve the main agronomic characters and yield performance of castor. Rimsulfuron has a good application prospect in weed control of Yunnan castor fields after seedling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to provide a reference for screening high-yield and good-quality tea cultivars suitable for planting and popularization in Guizhou. [Method] By using Li-6400XT portable photosynthetic system and ethanol extraction-colorimetry, taking Furling White Tea as the control, the leaf photosynthetic physiological indexes, leaf functional traits and their correlations of 15 tea cultivars (lines) cultivated in the same habitat were measured to determine the photosynthetic potential of 15 tea cultivars (lines). [Result] There were differences among photosynthetic physiological indexes, photosynthetic pigment content and leaf functional traits of 15 tea cultivars (lines). Mabianlv, Zhenong 901, Chuannonghuangyazao and Chuanmu 28 had higher photosynthetic characteristics, and photosynthetic efficiency was stronger, P n was 8. 89 - 9. 81 f.LmoV (m2 • s), which had higher high-yield potential compared with other 11 tea cultivars (lines). Chuannonghuangyazao was an etiolation cultivar. Its photosynthetic pigment content was lower, and was equivalent to Furling White Tea (CK). P n, SLA and WUE were higher. The cultivar was featured with higher etiolation specificity, photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency, which had better cultivation and utilization prospects. Zhongxuan 10, Zhongcha 112 and Baojing Golden Tea had higher WUE, respectively 3. 77 - 3. 91 f.LmoVmmol, and lower transpiration rate[2. 08 - 2. 20 mmoV (m2 • s) J. The three cultivars (lines) had stronger drought resistance potential, which could be researched on resistance indexes deeply. [Conclusion] From the perspective of photosynthetic characteristics, Mabianlv, Zhenong 901, Chuannonghuangyazao and Chuanmu 28 have higher photosynthetic capacity, which can be cultivated and popularized in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze systematically the function of GRF gene family in Setaria italica. [Method] On the basis of S. italica genome database and bioinformatics method, the GRF gene structure, characteristics, position on chromosome, proteins and phosphorylation sites in S. italica were identified, and their sequences were comparatively analyzed. [Result] 10 SiGRF s existed in the S. italica genome contained 2 to 4 extrons and located on the 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 chromosomes. Multiple alignment and motif display results indicated that all SiGRF proteins contained conserved QLQ (PF08880) and WRC(PF08879) domain by MEME method. There were many potential phosphorylation sites by phosphorylation sites prediction of SiGRFs. [Conclusion] These results would provide important clues for functional studies to reveal the role of SiGRFs and post-translational modification in 5. italica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to establish and optimize the cryopreservation technology system of embryogenic of Dioscorea bulbifera L by droplet-vitrification. [Method] The effects of different conditions on cryopreservation of embryogenic suspension cells of Dioscorea bulbifera L by droplet-vitrification were studied by single factor test, and the genetic stability of regenerated plantlets after freezing was detected by RAPD molecular markers. [Result] The best cryopreservation technology system of embryogenic suspension cells of Dioscorea bulbifera L by droplet-vitrification was as follows: Embryogenic suspension cells of Dioscorea bulbifera L was pre cultured in MS + 2 mg!L KT + 0. 5 mg/L NAA + 0. 5 mg/L 2, 4-D + 0. 8 mol/L sucrose at(25 ± 1) "C for 4 days, loaded in the loading solution (MS + 2 mol/Lglycerol + 0. 4 mol/L sucrose, pH 5. 8) at (25 ± 1) "C, dehydrated in PVS2 (300 g/L glycerol + 150 g/Lglycol + 150 g/LDMSO + 0. 4 moVLsucrose, pH 5. 8) at 0 "C, thawed by the aluminum foil being immersed in the culture solution (MS + KT 2 mg/ L + NAA 0. 5 mg/L + 2, 4-D 0. 5 mg/L + 1. 2 mol/L sucrose, pH 5. 8) preheated at 37 "C after freezing, washed with washing solution (MS +KT 2 mg/L + NAA 0. 5 mg/ L + 2, 4 -D 0. 5 mg/L + 1. 2 moVL sucrose, pH 5. 8) for three times (each washing time was 10 min) at (25 ± 1) "C, cultured in darkness for five days and then cultured in light cycle after washing. The relative survival rate of embryogenic suspension cells of Dioscorea bulbifera L by droplet-vitrification cryopreservation was 90. 5 % ± 4. 4 %. There was no significant effect of liquid nitrogen storage time on the survival rate of embryo suspension cells of Dioscorea bulbifera L after cryopreservation by dropletvitrification. The detection result of RAPD showed that there was no variation in the plantlets regenerated from embryogenic suspension cells of Dioscorea bulbifera L. after cryopreservation by droplet-vitrification, which could ensure the genetic stability. [Conclusion] The cryopreservation procedure of embryogenic suspension cells of Dioscorea bulbifera L by droplet-vitrification established in the study is reliable and can provide technical reference for the long-term preservation of xanthocellular suspension cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The pmpose of this paper is to obtain the basis information of Potyviruses distribution and investigate Potyvirus species between resistant and susceptible tobacco varieties to PVY in field in Yunnan Province. [Method] During 2017 to 2019,497 tobacco samples with typical Potyviral symptoms were collected in 5 cities, 13 tobacco planting counties (districts) in Yunnan Province and the types of Potyviruses on the main susceptible and resistant varieties to PVY were analyzed. [Result] The results showed that 85. 1 % of 497 tobacco samples were infected by Potyviruses in total. Furthermore, the detection rates of TVBMV, ChiVMV, PVY, and TEV were 58. 8 %, 23. 3 %, 14. 9% and 7. 8% respectively. In terms of the rank of detection rates of Potyviruses in the PVY susceptible varieties, the detection rate of TVBMV was the highest in Qujing,and for ChiVMV was in Yuxi,and for PVY was in Zhaotong. The PVY detection rate on the PVY-resistance varieties was 5. 8% around and much lower than that of susceptible varieties (22. 5%). PVY resistant varieties showed a good crop protection for the PVY disease. [ Conclusion] The analysis showed that the resistant varieties which contained va locus dramatically reduced the yield loss in the high incidence areas of PVY, and the increase of TVBMV detection rate in PVY resistant varieties was due to the decrease of PVY incidence rate, and the resistant varieties did not increase the harm of TVBMV and ChiVMV. However, the single va resistant locus had no effect on the TVBMV and ChiVMV. Therefore, the investigation of Potyviruses species should be carried out before introduce va-containing varieties into the area. TVBMV and ChiVMV had been the emerging disease in Yunnan's main tobacco growing areas, resulting in low yield and quality loss. It is necessary to establish new method to detect these causal agents and to screen moreresistant germplasm resources for TVBMV and ChiVMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the crop coefficient and irrigation system of jujube with different irrigation quota under drip irrigation in the arid oasis area of Southern Xinjiang. [Method] Using the principle of water balance and penman-Monteith formula, the water consumption of jujube was calculated and the crop coefficients of jujube under different irrigation quotas were determined. Four irrigation quotas were set in the experiment, and each quota was repeated three times. [Result] When the irrigation quota was 420 m3 / 667 m², the difference between the next irrigation and this one was 0. 24%, and the soil moisture content was basically the same before the two irrigations, the consumption of jujube and the evaporation of field soil were basically equal to the irrigation water, and the irrigation water was more reasonable. The total water consumption of jujube with different irrigation quota during the growth period ranged from 598. 46 - 714. 08 mm, and the water consumption rule during the whole growth period was as follows: Germination and Spreading stage < Fruit Ripening Stage < Fruit Swelling Stage < Flowering and Fruiting Stage. Water consumption modulus 68. 36% - 72. 91 % at Flowering and Fruiting Stage and Germination and Spreading Stage. The reference crop evapotranspiration ET 0 increased first and then decreased, showing a parabolic change. The crop coefficient of Jujube was 0. 33 - 0. 39 in Germination and Spreading Stage, 0. 85 - 1. 07 in Flowering and Fruiting Stage, 0. 80 - 0. 94 in Fruit Swelling Stage and 0. 44 - 0. 47 in Fruit Ripening Stage. [Conclusion] The W2 irrigation treatment was more suitable for jujube growth and development, with the highest yield (516. 81 kg/667 m²) and the highest water use efficiency (1. 23 kg m¹). The corresponding crop coefficients were 0. 35 in the Germination and Spreading Stage, 0. 93 in the Flowering and Fruiting Stage, 0. 86 in the Fruit Swelling Stage and 0. 46 in the Fruit Ripening Stage. Considering the irrigation and yield benefit, the best irrigation system for jujube in the whole growth period was 420 m1 /667 m², with 9 irrigation times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effects of Pu’er tea extract and Kuding tea extract on the heart and skeletal muscle of bullfrog and the mechanism of action. [Method] The gastrocnemius muscle of bullfrog was soaked in two tea extracts, and the systolic indexes were recorded.The effects of two tea extracts on the content of acetylcholine（Ach） and the activity of acetylcholinesterase（A-CHE） at the junction of sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius were determined.Two tea extracts of different concentrations were used to irrigate the heart of bullfrog, and the contraction changes were recorded.CaCl2, Ach and high concentration tea extract were selected to co-incubate to observe the effects of frog heart contraction. [Result] The results showed that both tea extracts could promote the contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle, and the mechanisms were related to the increase of Ca2+ concentration in sarcoplasm by promoting Ca2+ from terminal cisterna into sarcoplasm and the increase of the Ach content by inhibiting the activity of A-CHE at the junction. Two tea extracts all could inhibit the contraction of isolated frog heart, and both could cooperate with the inhibitory effect of Ach on the contraction of isolated frog heart, and inhibit the promoting effect of CaCl2. The mechanisms of action may be related to blocking the ICa-L and activating the M receptors of myocardium membrane, reducing the intracellular cAMP concentration and inhibiting the extracellular Ca2+ influx. [Conclusion] The effects of Pu’er tea on skeletal muscle and myocardium were more obvious than those of Kuding tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of Cd stress on the absorption and transport of mineral elements in rice.[Method] 29 rice varieties were selected and treated with two groups (0,0.5 mg/kg). The contents of eight mineral elements (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu, Mn, K,Na) in the upper and lower parts of rice were measured by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometer.[Result] In the underground part, compared with control group, the effect of Cd on Fe was shown to inhibit absorption; Zn, Mg, K and Na were resistant to Cd, and Zn was more resistant than Cu, and Cd was more competitive than Mn and Mg.Its Cd resistance and competitiveness were greater than that of Ca. Zhuzhen B and Japonica 7623 showed Cd tolerance among the eight mineral elements. [Conclusion] Zhuzhen B was the only rice variety that promoted the absorption of eight mineral elements after Cd stress; Liusha 1 was the least Cd-tolerant rice variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to comprehensively maintain and improve the production, ecological and living functions of the farmland ecosystem, under the different types of cultivated land, the present paper analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution trajectory and characteristic differences of the quantity and quality of the water and dry land in the cultivated land based on the perspective of the ’trinity’ protection for quantitative and quality ecological development.[Method] Taking the Jiangjin District of the Three Gorges Reservoir as an example, the land use status and cultivated land quality grade evaluation result data, the standard deviation ellipse, landscape pattern index, nearest neighbor index method, etc. were used to study the quantity, the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of quality and ecology. [Result]（i） Quantity, the distribution of flooded and dry land in Jiangjin District had a trend of further expanding to the hinterland of Jiangjin District. The evolution path of dry land changes from northwest to southeast, and the evolution path of paddy field changed from southwest to southeast;（ii） Quality, the overall quality of the paddy field was higher than that of the dry land. The grade of the paddy and dry land was gradually decreasing from the central and western regions to the north and south.（iii） Ecological, the shape of the paddy and dry land was complex and fragmented, with reduced connectivity and significant aggregation.[Conclusion] The implementation of arable land zoning and types of protection measures, to achieve the development momentum of characteristic agriculture according to local conditions, provides reference for the protection of arable land resources in this area, the formulation of ’tri-in-one’ protection policies and the optimization of the layout of arable land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Alpine wetland ecological environment is fragile and sensitive to global change. The present paper aimed to explore the response mechanism of soil physical and chemical properties to nitrogen deposition in alpine wetland. [Method] Four levels of CK（0 g/m2）,N2（2 g/m2）,N5（5 g/m2） and N10（10 g/m2） nitrogen addition tests were set in Xiaopo Lake Wetland in Qinghai Lake basin as the research object. Simulated nitrogen deposition test was conducted from June to October 2019.Samples were taken in October 2019 to determine soil water content, pH, organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen, and analyze the influence of nitrogen deposition test on soil physical and chemical properties.[Result]（i）Nitrogen deposition reduced soil moisture content and increased soil pH, and the influence reached extremely significant level（P<0.01）.(ii)Nitrogen deposition made soil carbon nitrogen content change. Total carbon organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration, and the influence on total carbon content was significant(P<0.05).The effect of nitrate nitrogen in the two soil layers was different. In the 0-15 cm soil layer, it increased with the increase of nitrogen concentration, and reached a significant level under the treatment of N10（P<0.05）,decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration in the 15-30 cm soil layer.(iii) Soil moisture content was the main factor affecting soil organic carbon and total nitrogen.Soil inorganic nitrogen was not closely related to other factors, but there was a very significant correlation between soil organic carbon and total nitrogen(P<0.01).[Conclusion]The present study provides reference for the change of soil environment and the protection and utilization of wetland under the global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In the present paper, the community diversity of endophytic bacteria in different parts of Panax notoginseng was studied.[Method] High throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the region V5-V7 of 16 S rRNA gene of Panax notoginseng endophytic bacteria, and bioinformatics analysis was carried out for the diversity of endophytic bacteria in different parts of Panax notoginseng. [Result] There were 385,206 and 226 OTUs which were obtained from the roots, stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng, respectively. Total of 167 OTUs were the same in the three parts, accounting for 19.04%.The results of taxonomic species classification showed that endophytic bacteria in leaves belonged to 16 phyla, 27 classes, 74 orders, 134 families, 222 genera, and the dominant genera were cutibacterium and Ralstonia, accounting for 28.70% and 14.57%,respectively; endophytic bacteria in stems belonged to 12 phyla, 20 classes, 58 orders, 108 families, 178 genera, and the dominant genera were Pseudomonas, accounting for 45.50%;Endophytic bacteria in roots belonged to 19 phyla, 24 classes, 75 orders, 137 families, 202 genera, and the dominant genera were Burkholderia-caballeronia-paraburkholderia and Escherichia-Shigella, accounting for 24.78% and 21.94% respectively. It could be seen that the species richness of the roots was higher than stems and leaves.[Conclusion] Endophytic bacteria in different parts of Panax notoginseng were rich in community diversity, but the abundance of different parts was different. The abundance of different parts displayed as root > leaf > stem, and the dominant genera in different parts were different. The partial bacterium of dominant genera had some functions, which could be further developed and utilized. The research of endophytic bacteria diversity in different parts of Panax notoginseng will lay a foundation for screening of biocontrol strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to clarify the production adaptability of biodegradable plug seedling and the effect of selenium spraying on the quality of tomato seedlings.[Method] The tomato ’Fengshou 128’ was used as the test material, and two plug types, ordinary plastic plug (-J) and biodegradable plug (+J) were used to raise seedlings, after the first true leaf of the seedling unfolded(15 days), sodium selenite solution with the concentration of 0 mg/L(N) and 2 mg/L(P) was sprayed on the leaf surface, and the effects of two plug types and different selenium spraying concentrations on the quality of tomato seedlings were analyzed by comprehensive evaluation method.[Result] The results showed that there was no significant interaction between biodegradable plug and selenium spraying on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, hypocotyl length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, strong seedling index and daily average dry matter growth (G value) of tomato seedlings at the early growth stage. The interaction effect of 26 days of sowing on plant height of tomato seedlings was extremely significant (P< 0.01), and the interaction effect on root-shoot ratio of seedlings was significant (P < 0.05). The interaction effects of 33 and 47 days of sowing on fresh weight, dry weight, strong seedling index and G value of tomato seedlings were significant(P < 0.05);After 47 days of sowing, it had a significant impact on tomato seedling root vigor(P<0.05), and the root vigor reached 33.70 μg/(g·h); According to the comprehensive evaluation results of various indicators at different growth stages, at 47 days of sowing, the comprehensive score of biodegradable plug sprayed with selenium is the highest (0.9505), followed by non-selenium spraying on biodegradable plug and non-selenium spraying on ordinary plastic plug is the lowest. [Conclusion] Biodegradable plug seedlings and selenium spraying have a significant impact on the growth indices of tomato seedlings, the growth of tomato seedlings was the best when using biodegradable plug seedling and foliar spraying selenium.This experiment provides a basis for intensive seedling and future industrial seedling using biodegradable plug instead of ordinary plastic plug seedling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the composition of arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) fungi in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased ginger plots to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive control of ginger blast using micro-ecological control methods.[Method] Using ginger fields with different disease severities in Guilin, Liuzhou and Baise, ten soil samples were collected from the following fields: Guilin Quanzhou, Liuzhou Sandu, Liuzhou Liucheng, Baise Debao and Baise Tianlin. Healthy and diseased ginger numbers are KJJ2S,BMJ1S,LCJ1S,FGJS,NGJS,KJB2S,BMB1S,LCB1S,FGBS and NGBS. Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technique was used to study the diversity and community structure of AM fungi in the soil. The correlation between fungal community structure and soil nutrients was clarified with redundancy analysis (RDA). [Result] At the similarity level of 97%,the OTU number and Chao index of fungi in diseased samples were higher than those of healthy samples. By evaluating the diversity index of the AM fungi species through the Shannon index and Simpson index, it was found that the healthy samples had a higher diversity index compared to the diseased samples in all the sample fields. In terms of community composition at the genus level, 312 OTUs are classified into Paraglomus, Acaulospora, and Glomus and unclassified cGlomeromycetes. RDA results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly affected the AM fungal community (P<0.05, the same as below), and total nitrogen, organic matter, pH, and Magnesium(Mg) had no significant effects on the AM fungal community(P>0.05).The results of Heatmap analysis showed that Paraglomus was significantly negatively correlated with available phosphorus content(P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with organic matter content. [Conclusion] There are differences in the composition of AM fungal community between ginger healthy plots and diseased plots. The OTUs number and abundance of AM fungi of diseased ginger soil are higher than healthy ginger soil, but less diversity than healthy ginger soil. Dominant species of AM fungi at different sampling points are different, and their diversity, abundance and community composition structure are mainly affected by effective P content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper was to clarify the effect of diversity mixed interplanting mode on rice photosynthesis, and provide a favorable basis for the further application of diversity mixed interplanting in the field. [Method] The rice varieties Gangyou 157 (main planted variety) and Huangkenuo (interplanted variety) were selected, and their relative chlorophyll content SPAD values and photosynthesis were measured under the mixed interplanting and mono-planting modes, and the occurrence and damage of rice blast and the agronomic characteristics of rice were investigated. [Result] When Gangyou 157 in the interplanting mode, the SPAD value of the inner row was significantly higher than that of the outer row and mono-planting treatments.There was no significant difference in the SPAD value of Huangkenuo under the two planting modes.The net photosynthetic rate of Gangyou 157 in the interplanting mode was significantly lower than that of the mono-planting treatment (decrease by 14.36%), and there was no significant difference when compared with the outer row. The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were significant differences in all treatments. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of Huangkenuo were not significantly different under the interplanting and mono-planting modes.Gangyou 157 and Huangkenuo had no significant difference in water use efficiency under interplanting and mono-planting modes. The rice blast disease index of Huangkenuo under the interplanting mode（2.79 ± 0.86） was significantly lower than that of the mono-planting（43.65 ± 6.11）,and its plant height under the interplanting mode（138.93±2.91）cm was significantly lower than that of the mono-planting（152.07 ± 2.27）cm, and the number of tillers of Huangkenuo under the mono-planting mode（9.75 ± 0.59） was significantly higher than that of the interplanting（7.04 ± 0.73）.There was no significant difference in disease index, plant height and tiller number of Gangyou 157 under the two planting modes. The yield per hectare of Huangkenuo under the diversity mixed-interplanting mode(6.23 t/hm² ) was significantly higher than that of the mono-planting model（4.50 t/hm²; the yield per hectare of Gangyou 157 under two planting modes was no significant difference. [Conclusion] Under the diversity mixed interplanting mode, the chlorophyll content of the main cultivars increased significantly, the photosynthetic rate decreased significantly, and other photosynthetic characteristics were no significant changes; the performance of the interplanted cultivars was not significantly different from that in the mono-planting mode. At the same time, the incidence of diseases of interplanted varieties was significantly reduced, without affecting the main varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]