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[Objective] The present paper aimed to understand the influence of planting years on the soil fertility characteristics of wine vine-yards at the eastern foot of Ilelan mountain in Ningxia, and to provide a basis for the sustainable development of wine industry. [Method] vineyard rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil of 3 years,8 years and 20 years were collected from Ganchengzi district of Qingtongxia city at the eastern foot of Helan mountain in Ningxia, and soil fertility variation characteristics were measured. [Result] The pH value and electrical conductivity of grape rhizosphere soil were higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil regardless of the planting years. The total N, total K, organic carbon and available K in grape soil were increasing first and then decreasing under different planting years. The average content of total N, total K, organic; carbon and available K were the highest at 8 years. The content of alkaline N, available F and total P in grape soil increased with the planting years. There was no significant difference in microbial biomass C, N and P in grape rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil between 3 years and 20 years. [Conclusion] With the increase of planting years, nutrient enrichment rate in root zone was weaker and weaker, but the soil fertility was accumulated in the vineyard with the planting years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]