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[Objective]The study on the correlation between main agronomic characters and yield of Brassica juncea in Guizhou will provide theoretical guidance for breeding research. [Method] Through correlation and path analysis, the relationship between main agronomic characters and yield of 269 local B. juncea in Guizhou was studied. [Result] The number of effective pod per plant, the number of secondary effective branches, the number of pod per main inflorescence, plant height, the number of primary effective branches and the number of seeds per pod were significantly positively correlated with the yield, and the 1000-grain weight was significantly correlated with the yield. The direct path coefficient indicated the effect degree of different agronomic traits on the yield of B. juncea, which showed that whole plant effective pod number (x8) > 1000-grain weight (xlO) > plant height (xl) >secondary effective branch number (x5) > main inflorescence pod number (x7) > per pod number (x9) > branch angle (x6) > effective branch height (x2) > primary effective branch number (x4) > main inflorescence long (x3). [Conclusion] The number of effective pod per plant, secondary effective branches, pod per main inflorescence, the plant height, the number of primary effective branches and 1000-grain weight were the main factors affecting the yield. The secondary effective branch number had a great contribution to the whole plant pod number, and had a great positive effect through the whole plant pod number. Therefore, the selection of pod number and secondary effective branch number should be emphasized in high yield breeding of B. juncea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]