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[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the effects of inoculating dark septal endophytes (DSE) on the growth, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence and ion absorption of Pinus bungeana subjected salt stress. [Method] The trial included NaCl stress (0%, 0.1%,0.2%,0.3%) and inoculation treatment: Paraphoma radicina (Pr), Phialophora mustea (Pm), Alternaria tenuissima (At), Acrocalymma vagum (Av) and unvaccinated control (CK). The infection rate, plant biomass, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, K+ and Na+ content were measured after 30 days of NaCl treatment. [Result] The infection rate of Pr, Pm, At, and Av was highest at NaCl stress level of 0.3%,0.2%,0.1%,0.2%, respectively. Compared to seedlings subjected to 0% NaCl stress, those exposed to 0.3% NaCl stress exhibited significant increases in shoot, root and total biomass. Inoculation treatments led to elevated total chlorophyll content, enhanced photosynthetic parameters, increased TRo/RC, ETo/RC ratios, as well as decreased ABS/RC, DIo/RC in chlorophyll fluorescence. Notably, under 0.3% NaCl stress, Pm, At and Av treatments significantly reduced shoot Na content in P. bungeana, by 34.0%,26.6% and 26.3%, respectively. Furthermore, Pm and Av treatments considerably decreased root Na content, by 24.4% and 26.6% respectively. At 0.2% NaCl stress, Pr, Pm, At, Av significantly increased K+ content by 42.9%, 58.99%, 56.96% and 55.92% respectively, consequently elevating the K+/Na ratio. [Conclusion] Moderate NaCl stress was found to enhance the infection rate of DSE. The DSE inoculation was observed to mitigate the impact of NaCl stress on the photosynthesis, regulate K and Na ion content, and thereby alleviate NaCl-induced damage while sustaining growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the annual dynamic changes and correlations of mineral nutrients in three ‘Tarocco’ blood orange varieties, namely ‘Tarocco blood orange new series’, ‘Tarocco blood orange No.8’ and ‘Tarocco blood orange No.9’, to understand their nutrient absorption patterns and provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of blood orange.【Method】The leaves of three blood orange varieties collected in different months throughout the year were used as materials to determine the dry matter rate, total N, total P, total K, Ca, Mg, total B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn contents. The contents of each nutrient element in fruits were determined during the fruit ripening period, to analyze the absorption pattern and correlation between the content of nutrient elements in leaves and fruits.【Result】In the leaves, dry matter rate overall showed ‘Tarocco blood orange No.8’ ＞ ‘Tarocco blood orange No.9’ ＞‘Tarocco blood orange new series’. The changes patterns of total B, Fe and Cu were similar. The time when the Fe content of ‘Tarocco blood orange No.9’ reached its maximum value (78.30 mg/kg) was 60 days earlier than the other two varieties. The changes of total K content was opposite to that of total B and Cu, which was manifested as low at maturity stage and young fruit stage, and high at fruit enlargement period and color changing period. There were differences in the variation rules of total N, total P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn among the three varieties. In fruits, ‘Tarocco blood orange No.8’ had the highest dry matter rate, total N, total P, total K, Ca, Mg, total B, Cu and Mn content, while ‘Tarocco blood orange No.9’ was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that the total N content was extremely significantly correlated with Ca, B, and Cu content in leaves (P＜0.01, the same as below), while the correlation between total P and the content of each element was not significant (P＞0.05). The dry matter rate was extremely positively correlated with the content of total P, total K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, and Mn in fruits, while Zn content was extremely negatively correlated with dry matter rate, the contents of total P, total K, Cu, Ca, Mg, total B, and Mn. The contents of total K, Fe, Zn, and Mn in leaves were significantly or extremely negatively correlated with the contents of total P, total K, Ca, Mg, total B, Cu, and Mn content in fruits.【Conclusion】In the early stages of fruit development (flowering period to young fruit period), N, P, K compound fertilizers and Ca, B, Fe, Mn fertilizers should be mainly applied. In the late stages of fruit development (from fruit enlargement period to maturity period), attention should be paid to supplementing P and K fertilizers, as well as micro fertilizers such as Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and balancing the application of N fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimes to study the effects of intercropping on dry matter accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization of maize and soybean, and to clarify the mechanism, which has important guiding significance for realizing high yield and high efficiency of maize and soybean intercropping. [Method] Three planting methods were set up in the experiment, namely, maize single cropping, soybean single cropping and maize and soybean intercropping. Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of maize plants at widemouth stage, spinnery stage and maturity stage, and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of soybean plants at flowering stage, pod stage and maturity stage were measured respectively. The characteristics of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus absorption accumulation of different organs of maize and soybean were studied by intercropping, and the marginal effects of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization were clarified. [Result] Intercropping decreased the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen and phosphorus, and promoted the distribution of nitrogen from roots to grains compared with single cropping. The dry matter accumulation of soybean was reduced, especially the influence on the middle row was greater than that on the side row, and the dry matter and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation on the side row showed marginal effect advantage. Compared with the mono-cropping system, intercropping reduced the nitrogen transfer amount of vegetative organs in stems and leaves of corn and soybean plants by 22. 13% and 29.85%, respectively, and the contribution rate of transport nitrogen to corn kernel nitrogen decreased by 5.11% and 17.45%, respectively, and the contribution rate of root nitrogen absorption to grain nitrogen was higher than that of transport nitrogen to grain nitrogen. Intercropping could effectively improve the nitrogen use efficiency of the system, which was 2.34% and 4.62 times higher than that of corn and soybean monocropping, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of the system was 26.82% higher than that of soybean monocropping, and 10. 16% lower than that of corn monocropping. Corn occupied the dominant position in the system yield, accounting for 82.27% of the system yield, and LER reached 1.47. The system yield was 13 110 kg/hm², which was 3.96% lower than that of monocroping maize. [Conclusion] The main advantage of intercropping is to promote the distribution of nitrogen absorbed by roots to grains and improve the efficiency of nitrogen use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The present paper aimed to explore the relationship between soil physical and chemical factors and microorganisms in Chinese Cordyceps producing areas of Qinghai province, in order to provide reference for the further improvement of artificial Chinese Cordyceps culture matrix. [Method) Hualong Hui Nationality Autonomous county (HL) in Haidong city, Henan Mongol Autonomous county (HN) in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Xinghai county(XH) in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Dari county (DR) in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Maqin county (MQ) in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Zaduo county (ZD) in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and Guoqing Ranch (GQ) in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were selected as the experimental plots. Potassi- um dichromate-external heating method, kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, alkaline fusion method, acid dissolution method, o-phenanth- roline colourimetric method, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometric method and potassium periodate colourimetric method were used for the determination of the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Microbial content and species were determined u- sing high-throughput sequencing technology. (Result) Most of the soil physical and chemical factors were not significantly different in different producing areas. The composition of microorganisms in each producing area was similar, and the diversity and richness of fungal dominant communities were different among different producing areas. In the bacterial community, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla, and Subgroup_6, Pseudomonas and RB41 were the dominant bacterial genera; In the fungal community, Ba- sidiomycota, Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota were the dominant fungal phyla, and Hygrocybe, Sebacina and Mortierella were the dominant fungal genera. Redundancy analysis was performed on soil physical and chemical properties and microbial communities in the production are- a. Results showed that Actinobacteria highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with soil pH and elemental iron (Fe), while RB41, Nitrospira and Subgroup_6 significant negative correlation (P<0.05) with elemental total potassium (TK), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM), manganese (Mn) and sodium (Na); The fungus Mortierellomycota was positively correlated with soil total phosphorus (TP), Ascomycota was negatively correlated with soil total potassium (TK), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM), and soil pH was posi- tively correlated with the dominant fungal community at most genus levels. [Conclusion] The study further confirmed that there is significant correlation between soil physical and chemical factors and microorganisms. Among them, soil pH, organic matter (OM), sodium (Na) and i- ron (Fe) are significantly correlated with most microbial communities in Chinese Cordyceps producing areas (P<0.05), which may be the key driving factors affecting microbial community structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The present study aims to screen candidate genes related to muscle growth and development of Tan sheep with different genders by RNA-Seq technology, and initially reveal the molecular mechanism of the formation of differences in longisone dorsi muscle of Tan sheep, which can provide theoretical basis for the study of muscle growth and development. [Method] 8-month-old Tan sheep under the same feeding conditions were selected as the research objects, and transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze and compare the quality of the longest back muscle of Tan sheep. mRNA transcriptome sequencing and analysis were performed using Illumina HiSeqTM4000 platform, and relevant regulatory genes with different effects on muscle growth and development were discovered. The differential genes were verified by RT-qPCR. (Result) A total of 37 differentially expressed genes were screened by RNA-Seq technology, including 10 up-regulated genes and 27 down-regulated genes. The GO function annotation analysis of differential genes showed that they were significantly enriched in 41 GO items (P <0.05). Meanwhile, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs was enriched in 28 pathways, including FoxO, PI3K-Akt, regulation of stem cell pluripotency, purine metabolism, actin cytoskeleton regulation, Notch signaling, protein digestion and absorption, calcium signaling and other pathways. Furthermore, six genes including KSR2, ENAH, COL9A1, IFITI, B3GAT2 and TACRI were associated with muscle growth and development. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to verify the expression of 6 differential genes, and the results were consistent with the expression trend of transcriptome sequencing, indicating that the sequencing results were reliable. [Conclusion] The candidate genes KSR2, ENAH, COL9A1, IFITI, B3GAT2 and TACRI obtained in the study can provide more reference materials for muscle growth and development, thus laying a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on muscle growth and development of high-quality meat sheep in Ningxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In order to provide scientific basis for the optimization of intercropping patterns and the management of intercropping under rubber plantations in the future, the effects of different intercropping patterns on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in mature rubber plantations were studied. 【Method】Biolog-ECO technology was used to study the characteristics of soil microbial functional diversity, and the differences of soil microbial metabolic activity and diversity on carbon sources in different intercropping plantations were analyzed. 【Result】Soil microbial carbon utilization was stable at 216 hours, and the average light absorption value AWCD of different treatments was in the order of rubber-kinggrass intercropping＞rubber-coffee intercropping＞rubber-puzzle intercropping＞rubber.The intercropping pattern not only increased the types of carbon sources utilized by soil microorganisms, but also enhanced the metabolic activity of carbon sources.The metabolic capacity of soil microorganisms to carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic acids, carboxylic acids and polymers was the strongest in rubber-kinggrass intercropping, and the metabolic capacity of amines was the strongest in rubber-coffee intercropping.There were significant differences in soil microbial carbon source utilization between intercropping patterns and rubber plantation by PCA （principal component analysis), significant differences between rubber-kinggrass and rubber-coffee, rubber-puzzle, but no significant differences between rubber-coffee and rubber-puzzle intercropping.The research showed that different intercropping modes could improve the soil microbial diversity index, and there were significant differences in AWCD value and McIntosh index among different treatments, but no significant differences in Shannon index and Simpson index.Correlation analysis showed that the metabolic function of soil microbial carbon source was closely related to soil environmental factors, and soil water content, pH and organic matter were the main factors affecting the differences of soil carbon source metabolism. 【Conclusion】Intercropping for kinggrass, puzzle and coffee can improve soil ecological environment, promote the utilization of soil carbon sources, and enhance the functional diversity of soil microbial community in rubber plantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study aimed to explore the effects of biochar combined with nitrogen on morphological characteristics, root morphology, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic characteristics and Cd accumulation, accumulation and transport of Paulownia fortunei seedlings under Cd stress. 【Method】Taking ‘Paulownia fortunei 1201’ seedlings as materials, a combination of tissue culture and hydroculture tests was set up. The growth index, root parameters, photosynthetic gas parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA content, Cd accumulation, enrichment coefficient and transport coefficient of seedlings were measured by biochar and nitrogen single treatment and biochar combined with nitrogen treatment. 【Result】 (i) Under Cd stress, application of biochar and nitrogen could significantly increase plant height, biomass and root parameters, and their combination could achieve the optimal effect. (ii) SOD and CAT activities increased and MDA activities decreased in leaves and roots of Paulownia fortunei seedlings, POD activity decreased with increasing concentration under single application of biochar and nitrogen, and slightly increased with increasing concentration under combined application of biochar and nitrogen. (iii) Chla, Chlb and Chl (a+b) increased significantly, but Chl (a/b) had no significant change; Photosynthetic gas parameters (Pn, Tr, Ci, Gs) increased, WUE was the highest, and Ls decreased significantly. (iv) With the application of biochar or nitrogen, the Cd content and enrichment coefficient of Paulownia fortunei seedlings decreased, while the transport coefficient and Cd accumulation increased. (v) According to the correlation and PCA analysis of each index of seedlings, it was found that there was correlation among each index, and the overall promoting effect was biochar combined with nitrogen ＞ biochar ＞ nitrogen.【Conclusion】The application of biochar and nitrogen can improve the photosynthetic capacity of Paulownia fortunei seedlings, reduce the absorption of Cd, alleviate the toxicity of Cd, and then increase the biomass and promote the accumulation of Cd in various organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]