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[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the appropriate amount and tillage effect of straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage in tobacco production in Hunan's tobacco-rice rotation, with the aim of improving the soil environment of tobacco planting in Hunan and providing scientific basis for improving the quality and increasing the yield of tobacco. [ Method] The experiment used 7 treatments in randomized group design, Tl: no straw-rotted organic fertilizer + conventional tillage; T2: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 1150 kg/hm² + conventional tillage; T3: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 2300 kg/hm² + conventional tillage; T4: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 4600 kglhm2 + conventional tillage; TS: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 1150 kg/hm² + vertical rotary tillage ; T6: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 2300 kg!hm2 + vertical rotary tillage; T7: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 4600 kg/hm² + vertical rotary tillage. The effects of different treatments on soil nutrients, agronomic traits of tobacco plants, physical traits, appearance quality, chemical composition and economic traits of tobacco leaves after baking were studied by ANOV A and comprehensive evaluation. [ Result] The application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage significantly increased soil organic matter and fast-acting nutrient content, and the highest soil fertility level was achieved when the straw-rotted organic fertilizer was applied at 4600 kg/hm² . At the same level of organic fertilizer application, the treatment of organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage had higher soil nutrients, agronomic properties of tobacco plants, physical properties of post-baking tobacco leaves, appearance quality, chemical composition and economic properties than the treatment of organic fertilizer alone. Among them, the 17 treatment had the highest appearance quality and chemical compatibility scores, with an average increase of 19. 86%, 3. 70% and 11. 53%, 2. 78% compared with Tl and T4. The tobacco yield and production value of 17 treatment increased by 12. 85%, 8. 10% and 26. 84%, 10. 46% compared with Tl and T4. The rate of top quality tobacco increased by 13. 80 and 6. 71 percentage points compared with Tl and T4. [Conclusion ] The application of 4600 kg/hm² straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage was the best, and most beneficial to the production of high-quality tobacco in the tobacco-rice rotation area of Hunan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]