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The aim of current study was to determine the effect of dietary omega 3 fatty acids (FA) mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) on inflammatory response of post calving cows during transition to lactation. Twenty Holstein lactating cows were assigned into two groups (10 each). The two groups fed on the basal diet while one of them was supplemented with 70 g of omega-3 FA per cow. The supplement was added to the diet from the 1 ST day of calving till the 60 th days of lactation. Blood samples were taken 3 times weekly from the 2 nd to the 4 th week post calving. The blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxyl butyric acid (BHBA), C- reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, albumin and globulin. Feeding omega-3 FAs significantly increased (P

The present study investigated the influence of altering omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids (FA) ratio on growth, hemato- biochemical parameters and absorptive capacity of Nile tilapia. One hundred and fifty fingerlings (25.1±0.3 g), were assigned into 3 groups (5 replicates each) and fed on iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets. Diets were supplemented with fish and soy oil to create 3 different ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 FA, namely, 0.91, 2.85 and 9.3 parts of omega 6 to 1 part of omega 3 (R1, R3 and R9, respectively). Increasing the ratio from R1 to R9 significantly decreased average daily gain and increased feed conversion ratio. Also this alteration decreased ash content in the carcass on the expense of ether extract. Number of erythrocytes, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased in fish fed R1. Feeding R9 increased heterophils and decreased lymphocytes as compared with R1 and R3. Fish fed R1 significantly had high serum protein and serum antibacterial activity (47.6%) than R9 (43.5%) and R3 (44.9%). Feeding R1 significantly decreased serum triglycerides, cholesterol and creatinine. Feeding R3 and R1 enhanced absorptive capacity of jejunum villi more than the group fed R9. Increasing the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 FA from R1 to R9 decreased growth performance through decreasing absorptive capacity of jejunum villi. However, Feeding R3 had a positive effect on growth performance and absorptive capacity of the intestine of Nile tilapia. Key words : fish oil; growth performance; intestinal villi; Nile tilapia; soybean oil

The current experiment was randomly designed in a 2A—2 factorial design. Two dietary protein sources were utilized; fish meal and soybean meal; with betaine incorporation to both of them. This study aimed to determine the impact of incorporation of betaine into soybean meal-based (SBM) diets through its effects on growth performance, intestinal healthiness and expression of some lipid metabolism- and growth-related genes. Fish (19.84±0.20 g) were stocked in 12 aquaria and allotted into triplicate four groups (10 fish per aquarium). Four test diets were formulated to contain fish meal (FM) as a positive control, FM with betaine (FM + Betaine), SBM diet and SBM with betaine (SBM + Betaine), respectively. After 60 days, dietary betaine improved the growth performance of fish fed FM or SBM as revealed by higher final body weight, body weight gain and average daily gain and lower feed conversion ratio. Monitoring the whole-body composition revealed that addition of betaine to diet relatively augmented flesh protein content and reduced its fat content. In addition, betaine incorporation in diets significantly ( P