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Purpose: Sleep deprivation is a growing challenge in modern society and places a burden on people's physical and mental well-being. However, only a few studies have investigated sleep patterns and awareness of the associated risks of sleep deprivation in Middle Eastern countries. This study aimed to explore these issues in adults in Saudi Arabia., Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study. We collected information on the participants' demographic characteristics, sleep hours, and sense of feeling sleep-deprived over the previous 3 months regardless of sleep duration. Current knowledge of the health consequences associated with chronic sleep deprivation and attitudes toward seeking in-person health care for sleep deprivation symptoms were additionally assessed., Results: Among 1449 adults, only 41% of the participants slept for the recommended duration for adults of 7 h or more. However, 70% reported feeling sleep-deprived at least some of the time regardless of their sleep duration. Smokers, students, and those on sleep medications were more likely to report feeling sleep-deprived. Most participants (strongly) agreed that chronic sleep deprivation had a negative effect on their health (92%) and social (88%) and professional lives (91%), yet only 10% of our sample had visited a doctor for their sleep deprivation symptoms., Conclusions: We found a high level of sleep deprivation among residents of Saudi Arabia and a strong awareness of the association between chronic sleep deprivation and negative consequences, yet a lower awareness of the association with specific medical comorbidities. Our findings also suggested a lack of health care engagement among sleep-deprived participants., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)