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Professor Romeo Canini’s name did not appear in the list of authors of the following abstract that was presented at the Special Scientific session of the ISS held in Athens in September 2010 and published in Skeletal Radiology (2010,10,1051). The title and complete list of authors is as follows; New dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry equipments in the assessment of vertebral fractures: technical limits and software accuracy. Alberto Bazzocchi, Danila Diano, Claudia Sassi, Giuseppe Battista, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Romeo Canini.

The Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR) Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards Committee identified musculoskeletal infection as a White Paper topic, and selected a Committee, tasked with developing a consensus on nomenclature for MRI of musculoskeletal infection outside the spine. The objective of the White Paper was to critically assess the literature and propose standardized terminology for imaging findings of infection on MRI, in order to improve both communication with clinical colleagues and patient care.A definition was proposed for each term; debate followed, and the committee reached consensus. Potential controversies were raised, with formulated recommendations. The committee arrived at consensus definitions for cellulitis, soft tissue abscess, and necrotizing infection, while discouraging the nonspecific term phlegmon. For bone infection, the term osteitis is not useful; the panel recommends using terms that describe the likelihood of osteomyelitis in cases where definitive signal changes are lacking. The work was presented virtually to SSR members, who had the opportunity for review and modification prior to submission for publication.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide an essential understanding of the impact a condition or treatment has on a patient, while complementing other, more traditional outcomes information like survival and time to symptom resolution. PROs have become increasingly important in medicine with the push toward patient-centered care. The creation of a PROs database within an institution or practice provides a way to collect, understand, and use this kind of patient feedback to inform quality improvement and develop the evidence base for medical decision-making and on a larger scale could potentially help determine national standards of care and treatment guidelines. This paper provides a first-hand account of our experience setting up an imaging-based PROs database at our institution and is organized into steps the reader can follow for creating a PROs database of their own. Given the limited use of PROs within both diagnostic and interventional radiology, we hope our paper stimulates a new interest among radiologists who may have never considered outcomes work in the past.

The 18th Annual Congress of the ESSR was hosted in Greece, on the beautiful island of Crete, 9–11 June 2011, with nearly 500 registrants present. The congress president was Prof Apostolos Karantanas. The meeting followed the same format as previous years with a musculoskeletal ultrasound course on the first day. The remaining 2 days of the meeting comprised the refresher course which concentrated on the topic of bone marrow disorders, with further focus sessions including arthritis, intervention, sports imaging, tumours and advances in MSK imaging. Fifty papers were accepted for presentation in the scientific sessions, with a further 77 papers accepted for the electronic poster exhibition. The abstracts for the scientific papers were published in the June 2011 edition of Skeletal Radiology [1]. This article summarises the highlights of the scientific program.

Awise old physician once told me that he would never agree to do a book review because reviewing someone’s book is a bit like reviewing their spouse. There is no “constructive criticism” that is welcome. For a scholarly publication such as Skeletal Radiology, letters to the Editor can pose a similar risk. As pointed out by Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_to_the_ editor), “In academic publishing, letters to the editor of an academic journal are usually open postpublication reviews of a paper, often critical of some aspect of the original paper. ” Such letters are likely to be critical of the author, the reviewers who accepted the paper, and, by implication, the editors who selected it. Letters are not subject to the same standards of evidence and peer review as a scientific publication; they can therefore be seen as a “cheap shot” taken at someone’s hard work. Despite growth in recent years, the world of musculoskeletal diagnosis is a small one; it is highly likely that the authors of a letter and the authors of the paper it addresses will be known to each other. For these reasons, Skeletal Radiology has, with very rare exceptions, declined the publication of letters to the editor. And yet, letters can also add a certain amount of liveliness to a publication. The letter writer might have arcane knowledge to share, and the author gets the satisfaction of knowing that someone somewhere has read and thought about what he or she has written. Should we change our policy and accept letters? The Editors request your feedback on this issue.

COVID-19 has presented with a variety of manifestations including peripheral neurological symptoms. The most commonly associated peripheral neuropathies described with COVID-19 are Guillain-Barre syndrome and its variants as well as critical illness polyneuropathy. We report in this paper the distinct MRI findings of an unusual case of peripheral neuropathy associated with COVID-19. These findings are similar to those seen in Guillain-Barre syndrome or one of its variants, although differing from the classic condition in certain key clinical and radiological features.

The original version of this paper unfortunately contained mistakes in the affiliations for all authors.

In the last two decades, training programs in musculoskeletal imaging in North America have flourished, increasing both in number and in quality, guaranteeing an ample supply of well-trained and motivated specialists who are populating academic medical centers and private practice venues and, in doing so, guaranteeing quality care for countless patients for years to come. This is in stark contrast to the situation not so long ago, in the 1970s, when few such programs existed, qualified applicants were difficult to find, and specific guidelines for these training programs were not in place. It was at this precise time that we, here at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), began our bone imaging fellowship program. Although we were clearly not the first with such a program, as I look back on our 35 year history, I can identify a few specific things that we did that are still in place today and, for which I think we can be proud. I have been asked by the Editors of Skeletal Radiology to put pencil to paper (yes, I still do it this way) and to detail a few of the things that I regard as essential to the success of a musculoskeletal imaging fellowship. I fully recognize that there are many fellowship directors who already know what follows and whose programs require no modifications. But being one of the more senior bone fellowship directors, perhaps my perspective will have some value. “Friendly” Environment with international flavor

The Colombian ISS outreach program was conducted in collaboration with the Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the University Hospital of San Ignacio at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ) in Bogota and as a part of the XXXV Congress of the Colombian Radiological Association (ACR) in Cartagena from August 3 to 6, 2010. Both meetings were enthusiastically attended with an average of 140 participants per day. Members of the ISS outreach team included Dr. Javier Beltran from Brooklyn, NY, Dr. Diego Jaramillo from Philadelphia, PA, and Jenny T. Bencardino from New York, NY. All lectures were given in Spanish. The program in Bogota was held at the Carlos Galan Auditorium of the PUJ from August 3 to 4, 2010. Bogota is the capital city of Colombia and has a population of over 8 million people. Currently, there are more than 100 higher education institutes and ten medical schools in Bogota, which play a vital role in the life of the city and its economy. In 2007, Bogota was named a World Book Capital City by UNESCO [1]. Bogota is the first Latin American city to receive this recognition, and the second one in the Americas after Montreal. No wonder that many refer to Colombia’s capital as “The Athens of South America” [2]. The attendees to the outreach program in Bogota were radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, technologists, residents, and fellows in radiology and orthopedics. The audience was very engaged, and the use of a digital interactive response system added greatly to their learning experience. The Outreach program in Cartagena was held at the Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala Convention Center, from August 5 to 6. Cartagena is a city of almost 1 million people located on the Colombian Caribbean coast. Its colonial walled city and fortresses have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s novel Love in the Time of Cholera is set in Cartagena. The city is very often used as a gathering place for international and national conventions. The 2010 ACR annual meeting in Cartagena had an attendance of 800 radiologists both local and from other Latin American countries. The musculoskeletal program lasted 2 days. The topics of the Outreach Program in Colombia were both basic and advanced in the areas of general and pediatric musculoskeletal radiology with an average of eight lectures per faculty member. All of the ISS Outreach Program teachers participated as jurors of the Evaluating Committee scoring scientific papers and educational exhibits presented at the ACR meeting in Cartagena. The Colombian outreach program provided us with a unique opportunity to interact academically and share professional experiences with a large body of radiologists from Colombia and other Latin American countries. Some of the information presented in this report was collected informally during our visit. Located in northern South America, Colombia is bordered to the north by the Caribbean Sea between Panama and Venezuela, to the east by Venezuela and J. T. Bencardino (*) Department of Radiology, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA e-mail: jenny.bencardino@nyumc.org

IntroductionThe 16th annual congress of the European Society ofMusculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) took place in Genoa,Italy, on 12 and 13 June 2009. The meeting was held jointlywith the Italian Congress of Musculoskeletal Radiology,which took place on 11 June. A successful musculoskeletalultrasound course was also run in the afternoon of 11 June,organised by the society’s ultrasound subcommittee.Asusual,themeetingcomprisedarefreshercourse,which,this year, took the hip and bony pelvis as its theme, scientificsessions, special-focus sessions and a scientific e-posterexhibition. There were 688 delegates attending the ESSRmeeting, coming from right across Europe and beyond, while703 attended the Italian Society meeting. In total 181electronic posters were exhibited, and 49 scientific presenta-tions were made. The posters and presentations covered thewhole spectrum of musculoskeletal imaging, including noveltechnologies and techniques and new perspectives on well-recognisedconditions.Theabstractsofpaperspresentedatthemeeting appeared in the June 2009 edition of SkeletalRadiology [1]. This article attempts to highlight some ofthe presentations that might be of interest.Techniques and technologyAs might be expected, a number of papers focused onapplications for 3 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Agroup from Munich published their first results of the use ofan isotropic three-dimensional (3D) turbo-spin echo (TSE)sequence for imaging the knee [2]. Total imaging time forthe sequence was in the order of 12.5 min, and the readersused 1 mm-thick multiplanar reconstructions for review.They found the 3D sequence images to be at leastcomparative with state-of-the-art two-dimensional (2D)sequences, but, of course, they had the advantage of beingable to undertake oblique reconstructions or review ofthinner slices. A group from Ireland and the Netherlandsshowed that 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) wasable to identify the double-bundle anatomy of the anteriorcruciate ligament (ACL) in 94% of patients in a retrospec-tive review of 50 patients with intact ACLs [3]; while theutility of 3 T MRI for evaluating upper limb nerve structureusing diffusion imaging and tractography was demonstratedby an Austrian group [4].In an interesting study looking at the effects of cartilageloading and unloading on T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced(T1-Gd) relaxation times using the gadolinium-enhancedmagnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) tech-nique,workersshowedthatloadingarticularcartilagereducedthe mean T1-Gd relaxation time by approximately 50 ms [5].They emphasised that this needed to be considered when thedGEMRIC technique is to be used to assess glycosamino-glycan depletion in cartilage disease, which is also seen as areduction in T1-Gd relaxation time.A study from Switzerland looked at the use of advancedMRI techniques for the diagnosis and prediction ofoutcome in patients with Perthes’ disease [6]. They useddiffusion-weighted MRI and dynamic gadolinium-enhancedsubtraction techniques, comparing them with pinholescintigraphy. They identified increased apparent diffusioncoefficients (ADCs) in the femoral epiphyses as beingsensitive and specific for the diagnosis, but they found that

The appearance of hematopoietic marrow in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is variable and differences between normal and pathologic marrow may be subtle. To aid in the evaluation of this problem, we reviewed 82 consecutive pelvic MR examinations in men with no evidence of osseous metastases. Images were evaluated with regard to the overall fraction of residual hematopoietic marrow present and the characteristics of this marrow. The patient population in our study was older (mean age 66 years) than the patient populations in previous papers documenting normal marrow patterns. The overall amount of hematopoietic marrow present was less in this older patient population, with 80% of patients having less then 40% residual hematopoietic marrow. A consistent pattern of morphologic change was noted as hematopoietic marrow converted to fatty marrow with increasing age. Initially, hematopoietic marrow tended to appear diffuse, heterogeneous, and with poorly defined margins on MR imaging. As conversion to fatty marrow continued, hematopoietic marrow became more focal and sharply defined, usually in the form of islands of residual hematopoietic marrow. Periarticular hematopoietic marrow predominated in the sacroiliac region (72% of patients) with little residual hematopoietic marrow noted in the symphysis pubis (5%) and hip joints (30%). Hematopoietic marrow persisted longer in juxtacortical locations (87%), was always symmetric (100%), remained less intense than fat on T2-weighted images (100%), and usually had a central focus of fat (98%). These morphologic criteria may be of value in establishing the MR appearance and patterns of marrow in the pelvis, and in the recognition and confident diagnosis of foci of hematopoietic marrow.

A 33-year-old male presented with a 2-month history of left foot drop, starting upon waking up 3 days after a suicide attempt with ingestion of high doses of phenobarbital, clonazepam, and alcohol. Painful left drop foot, trophic changes in the lower extremities, and bilateral Achilles areflexia were noted. Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the lumbosacral plexus and left thigh showed thickening and signal intensity (SI) abnormality in the left sciatic nerve along the pelvic outlet and proximal thigh (Fig. 1). Denervation of the lumbosacral plexus affecting the quadratus femoris, piriformis, obturator, and adductor muscles with areas without contrast enhancement consistent with myonecrosis was seen on the pelvis, while denervation of the hamstring muscles related to sciatic neuropathy was seen on the thigh (Fig. 2). Electroneuromyography showed complete motor and sensitive axonal impairment of the left peroneal nerve, partial impairment of the left tibial nerve (with reinnervation), and partial impairment of the left femoral nerve. A compressive-ischemic mechanism after a long-term sideways position during unconsciousness was indicated as the cause of the clinical and imaging findings in this case. Sciatic neuropathy is the second most common cause in the legs, after peroneal neuropathy, and may be caused by acute or chronic compression, stretching, ischemia, laceration, or toxic injury (injections) as well as iatrogenic lesions (hip arthroplasty). Increased pressure on the nerve can cause injury either directly or indirectly as a result of compression of the vasa nervorum if the ischemia is prolonged, which was the most likely mechanism in our case [1, 2]. The sciatic nerve derives from the fourth and fifth lumbar and first and second sacral roots, coursing down deeper to the piriformis muscle with anatomical variations. It continues posteromedially to the hip and distally deep in the thigh before dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerves above the popliteal fossa [2, 3]. MR imaging patterns vary depending on the muscle denervation stage: acute and subacutely denervated muscles show high SI on fluid-sensitive images and normal SI on T1-weighted images; in chronic denervation, muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration demonstrate high SI on T1-weighted images in association with volume loss [4]. On the other hand, myonecrosis is revealed by high SI on T1-weighted images, heterogeneously high SI on T2weighted images, and rim enhancement on contrastenhanced images [5]. A possible overlap of denervation No related papers from the same study have been published or submitted.

Skeletal Radiol (2015) 44:1617 DOI 10.1007/s00256-015-2243-0 ERRATUM Erratum to: Metal artifact suppression at the hip: diagnostic performance at 3.0 T versus 1.5 Tesla Lorenzo Nardo 1 & Misung Han 1 & Martin Kretzschmar 1 & Michele Guindani 2 & Kevin Koch 3,4 & Thomas Vail 5 & Roland Krug 1 & Thomas M. Link 1 Published online: 23 August 2015 # ISS 2015 Erratum to: Skeletal Radiol DOI 10.1007/s00256-015-2214-5 The original version of this paper unfortunately contained error. The name of Martin Kretzschmar was incorrectly cap- tured and is now corrected in the authorgroup of this article. The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00256-015-2214-5. * Lorenzo Nardo Lorenzo.Nardo@ucsf.edu Misung Han Han.Misung@ucsf.edu Martin Kretzschmar Martin.Kretzschmar@ucsf.edu Thomas M. Link thomas.link@ucsf.edu Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry street, suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA Department of Biostatistics – Unit 1411, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MU320, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Michele Guindani mguindani@mdanderson.org Kevin Koch kmkoch@mcw.edu Thomas Vail vailt@orthosurg.ucsf.edu Roland Krug Roland.Krug@ucsf.edu

This paper describes eight patients with spinal stenosis associated with marked osteochondrous changes in the vertebral bodies due to juvenile lumbar osteochondrosis (Scheuermann's disease). In no case was the midsagittal or interpedicular diameter of the spinal canal indicative of bony stenosis. On the other hand, in the myelograms the sagittal diameter of the dural sac was in all cases significantly narrowed, a diagnostic sign of central spinal stenosis. Therefore, myelography should always be contemplated when osteochondrous changes are present and spinal stenosis is suspected clinically regardless of whether the spinal canal diameters are normal in plain films.

Erratum to: Skeletal Radiol (2011) 40:1121–1126 DOI Please note that the underlined author names below were unfortunately published with errors in two of the abstracts from the Special Scientific Session of the International Skeletal Society, California, September 2011. In addition, the award winner paper of the European Society of Skeletal Radiology 2011 is enclosed below as it was received following submission of the abstracts for publication.