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Neven (Calendula officinalis L.) je poznat po svojim ljekovitim svojstvima kao i primjeni u medicinskoj, kemijskoj, kozmetičkoj i prehrambenoj industriji. Prilagođen je umjerenoj klimi te mu je optimalna temperatura klijanja 20 °C. Klijanje sjemena i rani rast sadnica su najosjetljiviji stadiji na abiotske stresove, kao što su nepovoljna temperatura i suša, a predsjetveni tretmani sjemena pozitivno utječu na svojstva klijavosti ili kvalitetu sjemena i sadnica u stresnim uvjetima. S obzirom da se sjetva nevena obavlja čim se uspostave minimalni uvjeti, a tada temperature i količine oborina mogu biti znatno niže od optimalnih, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj predtretmana na svojstva klijavosti sjemena nevena u uvjetima niskih temperatura i suše (-0,8 MPa PEG 6000). Laboratorijskim pokusom istražen je utjecaj temperature (14 °C, 18 °C i 22 °C) na klijavost sjemena nevena uz predtretmane dH2O i GA3 (250 ppm) u trajanju od 24 h. Netretirano sjeme je predstavljalo kontrolu. Utvrđeno je da sjeme nevena ne klije u uvjetima suše bez obzira na predsjetveni tretman i na temperaturu pri kojoj je klijalo. Ni temperatura niti predtretman sjemena ne utječu značajno na broj proklijalih sjemenki nevena, ali utječu na brzinu klijanja.

Neven (Calendula officinalis L.) je poznat po svojim ljekovitim svojstvima kao i primjeni u medicinskoj, kemijskoj, kozmetičkoj i prehrambenoj industriji. Prilagođen je umjerenoj klimi te mu je optimalna temperatura klijanja 20 °C. Klijanje sjemena i rani rast sadnica su najosjetljiviji stadiji na abiotske stresove, kao što su nepovoljna temperatura i suša, a predsjetveni tretmani sjemena pozitivno utječu na svojstva klijavosti ili kvalitetu sjemena i sadnica u stresnim uvjetima. S obzirom da se sjetva nevena obavlja čim se uspostave minimalni uvjeti, a tada temperature i količine oborina mogu biti znatno niže od optimalnih, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj predtretmana na svojstva klijavosti sjemena nevena u uvjetima niskih temperatura i suše (-0,8 MPa PEG 6000). Laboratorijskim pokusom istražen je utjecaj temperature (14 °C, 18 °C i 22 °C) na klijavost sjemena nevena uz predtretmane dH2O i GA3 (250 ppm) u trajanju od 24 h. Netretirano sjeme je predstavljalo kontrolu. Utvrđeno je da sjeme nevena ne klije u uvjetima suše bez obzira na predsjetveni tretman i na temperaturu pri kojoj je klijalo. Ni temperatura niti predtretman sjemena ne utječu značajno na broj proklijalih sjemenki nevena, ali utječu na brzinu klijanja., Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is known for its medicinal properties and is used in the medical, chemical, cosmetic, and food industries. It is adapted to a temperate climate and its optimum germination temperature is 20 °C. Seed germination and early seed ling growth are the most sensitive to abiotic stresses such as unfavourable temperatures and drought, while seed priming has a positive effect on germination properties of seed and seed ling quality under stressful conditions. Since sowing of marigolds is done as soon as the minimum conditions are established, when temperature sand precipitation canbes ignificantly lower than optimal, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of seed priming on the germination properties of marigold seeds under low temperature and drought (-0.8 MPa PEG 6000). The effect of temperature (14 °C, 18 °C, and 22 °C) on germination of marigold seeds with treatments containing dH2O and GA3 (250 ppm) for 24 h was studied under laboratory conditions. Untreated seed represented control. Marigold seeds did not germinate under drought conditions, regard less of seed priming treatments and temperatures. It was also found that neither temperature nor seed priming significantly affected the number of germinated marigold seeds, but did affect the germination rate.

U poljski pokus uključeno je deset primki rupičaste pljuskavice (Hypericum perforatum L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena podrijetlom iz Hrvatske (9) i Bosne i Hercegovine (1). Tijekom pokusa na deset slučajno odabranih biljaka po parceli analizirana su sljedeća kvantitativna svojstva: visina stabljike (cm), broj grana, broj cvjetnih grana, masa svježe i suhe stabljike s listovima (g), te masa svježeg i suhog korijena (g). Primke rupičaste pljuskavice signifikantno su se razlikovale u svim analiziranim svojstvima. Primka HBG00602 koja predstavlja populaciju iz Doljana, Metković, kao i primka HBG00896 iz Nerezina, otok Lošinj, pokazale su više vrijednosti u većini analiziranih svojstava., Ten St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes originating from Croatia (9) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1) were included in the field experiment. On ten randomly chosen plants per plot the following quantitative traits were scored: plant height (cm), number of branches, number of flowering branches, weight of the fresh and dried stems with leaves (g), and weight of the fresh and dried roots (g). St. John's Wort accessions differed significantly in all the analysed quantitative traits. The accession HBG00602 representing the population from Doljani, Metković and the accession HBG00896 from Nerezine, island of Lošinj showed higher values for the most of the analyzed traits.

Šest primki ljekovitog matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena podrijetlom iz Austrije (2), Hrvatske (1), Nizozemske (1) i Njemačke (2) uključeno je u poljski pokus. Tijekom pokusa praćena su osnovna razlikovna morfološka svojstva (boja lista, veličina lista, oblik cvata, boja cvata), a na slučajno odabranim biljkama po pokusnoj parcelici analizirana su sljedeća kvantitativna svojstva: visina stabljike, broj grana, te masa svježe i suhe stabljike, korijena i lista. Varijabilnost kvalitativnih svojstava primki ljekovitog matičnjaka nije primijećena, za razliku od kvantitativnih svojstava gdje je između i unutar primki ljekovitog matičnjaka primijećena velika varijabilnost. Iako nisu dobivene statistički signifikantne razlike između primki za dva najvažnija agronomska svojstva (masa svježeg i suhih listova), primka HBG00147 iz Austrije je pokazala najveće vrijednosti za navedena svojstva., Six lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian bank of plant genes originating form Austria (2), Croatia (1), Germany (2) and the Netherlands were included in the field experiment. Main qualitative morphological traits as leaf colour, leaf shape, inflorescence form and inflorescence colour were analysed. On ten randomly chosen plants per plot the following quantitative traits were scored: plant height and number of branches as well as the fresh and dried weight of stems, roots and leaves. No variation in qualitative traits has been found among and within accessions while all the quantitative traits showed a great variation within as well as among accessions. No statistically significant differences were found in two agronomically most important traits: the weight of fresh and dried leaves per plant. The accession HBG00147 from Austria showed the highest values of fresh and dried leaves weight per plant.

U svrhu ispitivanja optimalnog sklopa kod četiri kultivara soje: Aura, Ronda, Gordana i Dora postavljen je pokus na pokušalištu Zavoda za sjemenarstvo, Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Pokus je postavljen u četiri repeticije po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu, a mjerena su sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike (cm), visina do prve plodne mahune (cm), broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna po biljci, broj zrna po biljci, masa zrna po biljci (g), broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna (g). Temeljem rezultata analize utjecaja tri različita sklopa (40, 60 i 80 biljaka/m2) na prinos i sastavnice prinosa utvrđeno je da je sklop kao izvor varijabilnosti nesignifikantan kod svih ispitivanih svojstava. Interakcija kultivar x sklop kao izvor varijabilnosti pokazala se visokosignifikantnom za sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike, masa zrna po biljci i masa 1000 zrna. Za svojstva visina do prve mahune, broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna i broj zrna interakcija se pokazala nesignifikantnom. Prinosi postignuti u sklopovima 60 i 80 signifikantno su bili veći od prinosa dobivenog u sklopu 40 biljaka/m2., In purpose of finding an optimal crop density for four cultivars of soybean: Aura, Ronda, Gordana and Dora on field of Agricultural Faculty, University of Zagreb an experiment were conducted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The traits included in the analysis were the following: plant height, height of the first pod-bearing node, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. On the basis of the results of effect of three different crop density (40, 60 and 80 plants/ m2) on yield and yield components we found out that crop density was not significant as source of variability for analysed traits. Interaction cultivar x crop density was significant as source of variability for traits: plant height, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. For traits height of the first pod-bearing node number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods and number of seeds the interaction was not significant. Yields achieved in crop density of 60 and 80 plants per m2 differed significantly from one in crop density of 40 plants per m2.

Brojne autohtone vrste imaju potencijala za primjenu kao ukrasne vrste u krajobrazu. Dobro su prilagođene staništu čime se smanjuje cijena njihovog održavanja i njege. Njihovom uporabom doprinosi se očuvanju ambijentalne vrijednosti prostora te očuvanju bioraznolikosti. Flora Mediterana obiluje endemskim vrstama, a rod Salvia bogat je vrstama s ukrasnom vrijednošću. Vrsta Salvia officinalis L., mirisava kadulja, žalfija, kuš; do 50 cm je visoki i vrlo raširen polugrm naših primorskih kamenjara, a dekorativna je i u cvjetnom i u bescvjetnom stanju. Morfološka svojstva kao što su: visina grma, broj i visina grana, duljina cvata, broj listova po izboju i cvjetova u cvatu, važna su za procjenu ukrasne vrijednosti neke biljne vrste, a mjerena su na 10 populacija, na biljkama kadulje porijeklom s područja Republike Hrvatske i Republike Bosne i Hercegovine. Populacije su se razlikovale s obzirom na morfološka svojstva što upućuje, Many wild species have a potential to be used as ornamentals in the landscape. They are well adapted to the site conditions and that brings to the lower price of maintenance and care. The use of wild species contributes to the protection of area’s ambient value and biodiversity. Mediterranean flora is rich on endemic species, and genus Salvia has many species with ornamental value. Species Salvia officinalis L., sage, is 50 cm high subshrub that is very common on rocky sites along seaside. It has ornamental value in the time of flowering but it’s also attractive when not in flower. Morphological characters, such as: plant height, number and height of branches, inflorescence height, number of leaves per shoot and flowers per inflorescence, are important to estimate the ornamental value of plant species. These characters were measured on the plants from 10 different populations originating from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Populations varied on the basis of morphological characters showing that the sage can be useful for different purposes in a landscape design.

Provedena je usporedba 21 oplemenjivačke linije soje kreirane na Zavodu za sjemenarstvo Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu s četiri standardna kultivara (Sabina, Dubravka, Gordana i Aura) na temelju prinosa i njegovih sastavnica. Poljski je pokus postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri ponavljanja, a praćena su sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike, visina do prve plodne etaže, broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna, broj zrna, masa zrna po biljci, broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna, te prinos (dt/ha). Utvrđeno je postojanje signifikantnih razlika između genotipova u svim ispitivanim sastavnicama prinosa, ali ne i u prinosu. Dvije su se linije (SK2*3/87 i IK(Hr)1-2) isticale većim brojem mahuna i zrna po biljci kao i većom masom sjemena po biljci dok je kod linije IK12*9/87-10-18 uočen veći broj zrna po mahuni., Yield and yield components of 21 soybean breeding lines developed at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb were compared to those of four standard soybean cultivars (Sabina, Dubravka, Gordana and Aura). A randomized complete block design with tree replications was used. The traits included in the analysis were the following: plant height, height of the first pod-bearing node, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, and grain yield (dt/ha). Soybean genotypes differed significantly in all the yield components in the study, but not in yield per se. Two lines (SK2*3/87 and IK(Hr)1-2) had a higher number of pods and seeds per plant as well as the higher seed weight per plant while in the line IK12*9/87-10-18 a higher number of seeds per pod was detected.

U poljski pokus je uključeno osam primki običnog mravinca (Origanum vulgare L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena. Sjeme je dobiveno razmjenom s nacionalnim bankama biljnih gena (SAD, Rusija) kao i sakupljeno od domaćih prikupljača. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu. Uzorci za analizu uzeti su slučajnim odabirom, 10 biljaka od svake primke (osim kod člana pokusa HBG00410, 5 biljaka). Kod ukupno 75 biljaka analizirana su kvalitativna i kvantitativna svojstva. Od kvalitativnih svojstava analizirana je: boja lista, veličina i boja pricvjetnih listića (brakteja), te oblik i boja cvijeta. Od kvantitativnih svojstava analizirana je: visina stabljike (cm), dužina korijena (cm), broj grana po biljci, te svježa i suha masa (g) korijena, stabljike, lista i cvata, kao i suha i svježa masa cijele biljke. Visokosignifikantne razlike između primki uočene su kod tri ispitivana svojstva: broj grana, svježa i suha masa lista. Najveća varijabilnost je zabilježena kod svojstva suha masa lista, a najmanja kod svojstva visina stabljike. Primka HBG00350, podrijetlom iz Rusije pokazala se znatno boljom u većini agronomski važnih svojstava (svježa masa stabljike, lista i cijele biljke, te suha masa stabljike, lista i cijele biljke) od drugih članova pokusa., Eight Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes were included in the field trial. The seed was collected through exchange with other national Gene Banks (USA, Russia) or collected by domestic collectors. The field trial was set in random block design. Ten randomly chosen plants from each accession (except 5 plants from HGB00410) were analyzed (total of 75 plants) for important qualitative and quantitative agronomic traits. Analyzed qualitative traits included: colour of leaves, size and colour of bracts, shape of inflorescence and colour of flowers. Quantitative traits that were analyzed are: plant height (cm), root length (cm), number of branches, weight of dried and fresh root, stem, leaves and flowers as well as the weight of dried and fresh plant. Accessions of Oregano differed significantly in three analyzed traits: number of branches, dried leaf weight and fresh leaf weight. The highest variation was found in the mass of dried leaf and the lowest in the plant height. When compared to other accessions, accession HGB00350, representing the population from Russia showed the highest values for the most analyzed traits (fresh stem weight, fresh leaf weight, dried stem weight, dried leaf weight as well as dried and fresh plant weight).

Proizvodnja sjemena u PP Orahovici varirala je posljednjih 20-30 godina od 500 do 1,500 ha a danas se u prosjeku organizira na približno 800 ha godišnje. Prije 20-30 godina sjemenarilo se na desetak kultura a danas je sjemenarstvo svedeno na četiri kulture i to: pšenica, ječam, kukuruz i soja te povremeno zob i pšenoraž. Sjemenske pšenice sijemo najviše, u prosjeku oko 400 ha a ostvarujemo dorađenog sjemena u prosjeku 5.5 t/ha. Sjemenskog kukuruza sijemo u prosjeku 130 ha i ostvarujemo prosječno 2.7 t/ha dorađenog sjemena. Poznati smo i kao proizvođači sjemenske soje koju sijemo prosječno na 130 ha a ostvarujemo u prosjeku 2.5 t/ha kvalitetnog dorađenog sjemena kultivara Dore. Sjemenski ječam sijemo na oko 40 ha godišnje i dorađujemo 5.5 t/ha kvalitetnog sjemena. Prosječna godišnja proizvodnja sjemena navedenih kultura je približno 3,100 t. Osim za vlastite potrebe više od polovine sjemena tržimo van tvrtke. Odabir kultivara radimo na temelju makro pokusa i pokusne proizvodnje te zahtjeva tržišta. Sve količine sjemena dorađujemo u vlastitom doradbenom kapacitetu., Seed production at the PP Orahovica was variating in last 20 – 30 years from 500 until 1,500 ha, and nowadays is organized on about 800 ha per year. Before 20 – 30 years seed production was based on 10 species and nowadays is based on four species: wheat, barley, corn and soybean, and occasionally oat and triticale. Seed production of wheat is going on about 400 ha, and average yield is 5.5 t/ha. Corn seed production is going on about 130 ha and average yields are 2.7 t/ha conditioned seed. We are known as a soybean seed producers, and we have about 130 ha of seed crops with 2.5 t/ha as an average yield of quality conditioned seed of cultivar Dora. Seed production of barley is going on about 40 ha per year and average yield is 5.5 t/ha. Average year production of seed is around 3,100 t. Except for our own needs more than half of produced seed is sold. Choosing of cultivars is based on experiments and market demands. All produced seed is conditioned in our own conditioning capacity.

Sjeme i sadni materijal temelj su razvitka bilinogojstva i poljodjelstva svake države. Na našim prostorima stručno i znanstveno sjemenski program kontinuirano se razvija od 1893. godine. Razvitak vlastitog sjemena i sadnog materijala kroz povijest imao je svoje sjajne ali i loše trenutke. Proizvodnja i tržništvo sjemena i sadnog materijala tijekom 110 godina zadovoljavala je domaće potrebe ali je osiguravala i izvoz u okolne države, Europu i svijet. U pojedinim razdobljima npr. 1970-1990. god. više se sjemena kukuruza, pšenice, krmnih kultura izvozilo nego se trošilo u domaćoj proizvodnji. Privatizacija poljodjelstva (PlK-ova) imala je negativan trend na razvitak nacionalnog sjemenarstva i rasadničarstva. Nedostaju površine, izolacije, plodored, strategija, poticaji po ugledu na EZ, lokalne i nacionalne bilance za pojedine kulture i sl. pa se nepotrebno uvozi i sjeme i sadni materijal često upitne kakvoće (npr. krumpir, povrće, cvijeće, genetski modificirano sjeme kukuruza - 2004. godine). U radu su prikazani dosadašnji rezultati i moguće smjernice razvitka nacionalnog sjemenskog programa prilagođene vremenu ispred nas., Seed and seedlings are basis for developing plant production and agriculture in every country. The Croatian Seed Programme is continously developing from the year 1893. Development of the seed programme in Croatia through the past had its good, but also bad moments. Seed production through 110 years was enough for our own needs and for export in sourrounding countries. During some time periods, for example 1970-1990 export of corn and wheat seed was bigger than our own needs. Privatization in agriculture was negative for developing of national seed production and nowadays we have lack of good conditions for production, like they are in EU, and the result is import of seed and seedlings usually inadequate quality (e.g. GM corn seed in 2004). In this review present results and some guideline for the future are discussed.

Obični mravinac (Origanum vulgare L.) višegodišnja je vrsta iz porodice usnjača (Lamiaceae). Kao samoniklo bilje rasprostranjen je od mediteranskog dijela Europe do centralne Azije, a kao ljekovita i aromatična biljka upotrebljava se već stoljećima. Velike količine komercijalnog začina, za svjetsko tržište, dobivaju se prikupljanjem biljaka samoniklih populacija, a nekoliko vrsta iz roda Origanum kultivirano je i uzgaja se kao aromatično, ljekovito i ukrasno bilje. U ovom radu prikazujemo morfološku i kemijsku raznolikost običnog mravinca te mogućnosti uzgoja ove vrste sa specifičnostima tehnološkog postupka proizvodnje., Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a hardy perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family. lt is widely distributed through Mediterranean area to central Asia and it has been known and used for centuries. Most of the commercial herb is harvested from its spontaneous populations but several Origanum species are nowadays cultivated as culinary herbs, as medicinal plants and as garden plants. The paper reviews the most important biological characteristics of oregano, its chemical caracteristics as well as cultivation methods.

U ovom radu je obrađen nastanak, fiziologija, formiranie i razvitak sjemena kao temelja bilinogojstva. Definirano je sjeme i njegove sastavnice, formiranje ploda te faze razvitka sjemena. Također, objašnjena je diferencijacija embria dikotiledona i monokotiledona, apomiksis i poliembrionia, djeljenje i umnožavanje stanica nakon oplodnje, te okolinski čimbenici. Rad obuhvaća biotehnologiju i nastanak hranjivog staničja sjemena, vivipariju, partenokarpiju, otpornost i važnost hormona sjemena. U radu je posebno opisana zrioba i deseminacija (raznoženje) sjemena., A seed as the main component of agronomy and plant propagation, along with its components has been defined. We have described its appearance, formation and development. In addition, we have explained the endosperm development in angiosperms and gymnosperm seeds, as well as the stages of the embryo formation in monocots and dicots after the fertilisation. Physiology of seed development has also been addressed in the paper. Furthermore, special attention has been given on the environmental effects on seed development, such as mineral nutrition, soil moisture and rainfall, temperature, and light.

Genetski biljezi, a naročito DNA biljezi, se široko koriste u biljnim istraživanjima i oplemenjivanju. Dan je pregled glavnih svojstava različitih genetskih biljega, te su raspravljeni načini njihove uporabe u biljnoj genetici, oplemenjivanju i sjemenarstvu., Genetic markers, especialy DNA-based genetic markers, are widely used in plant research and breeding. Main characteristics of different marker types are rewieved and various aspects of their application in plant genetics, breeding and seed production are discussed.

Novo priznati kultivar jarog stočnog graška za zrno je prvi hrvatski kultivar upisan u nacionalnu sortnu listu. Grašak Šampion oplemenjen je na Zavodu za oplemenjivanje bilja, genetiku i metodiku istraživanja Agronomskog fakulteta Sveudilišta u Zagrebu. Kultivar je vrlo adaptabilan na različite agroekološke uvjete uzgoja, a uz primjenu sortne tehnologije na velikim površinama ostvaruje prirod iznad 4 t/ha suhog zrna. Ovisno o tehnologiji i uvjetima proizvodnje, zrno Šampiona sadrži od 28-32 % bjelančevina što ovaj kultivar svrstava među najkvalitetnije u ovom dijelu Europe. Temeljem eksperimentalnih istraživanja, rezultata pokusa sortne komisije i široke proizvodnje, Šampion se opravdano može preporučiti svakom obiteljskom gospodarstvu., Newly recognized cultivar of fodder pea is the first Croatian cultivar entered into the National Varieties List. Šampion has been created at the Department for Plant breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb. The curtivar is very adaptable to various agroecological conditions and with the proper technology on large areas it yields over 4 t/ha. ln trials and experimental production it yielded over 5 t/ha of dry grain. Depending on technology and growth conditions seed contiains from 28 to 32% of protein placing the cultivar among the best in this part of Europe. On the ground of experimental research, the results of trials by the Variety Commission and the production at large areas the Šampion can well be recommanded to every family farmer.

U radu je prikazan sadašnji rad, ciljevi i organizacija nacionalnog sjemenskog programa. Dat je prikaz postojećih problema u proizvodnji, primanju, doradi i trgovini sjemenom . lzražena je potreba izrade zakonodavstva po europskim standardima. U radu je prikazan nacrt razvoja nacionalnog sjemenarstva kao posljedica i 103 godine neprekidnog rada i samorazvoja., The main functions, organisation and objectives if the National Seed Programme in Croatia are outlined. The problems in seed production, processing, distribution and marketing are discussed. Further deveropment of the legal organisation of the seed needed as well as its adjustment to seed lews of the developed west Europian countries.

U razdoblju od 1993. do 1995. godine priznata su četiri nova visokorodna kultivara jarog pivarskog ječma oplemenjena na Zavodu za oplemenjivanje bilja, genetiku i metodiku istiaživanja Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Navedeni kultiviri, Knin, Tomislav, Tvrtko i Sladar su u postupku priznavanja znatno nadmasili standarde Velebit, Jaran i Berenice kako po prirodu tako i po kakvoći zrna. Polencijal rodnosti navedenih kultivara je iznad 9 t/ha, a u široj proizvodnji uz primjenu sortne tehnologije ostvaruju sigurne i stabilne prirode od 5.5 do 6.0 t/ha. Kao novostvoreni i kvalitetni kultivari jarog pivarskog ječma brzo se šire u proizvodnim područjima Hrvatske, Slovenijei HR Herceg- Bosne (BiH), te se mogu preporučiti industriji slada i piva kao i obiteljskim gospodarstvima., In the period between 1993 and 1995 four new high yielding cultivars of spring malting barley were created at the Department for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb. The cultivars Knin, Tomislav, Tvrtko and Sladar exceded significantly in the Official variety trials the standard Velebit, Jaran and Berenica both in yield and the quality of grain. The yield potential of these new cultivars is over 9 t/ha and in wide production applaying the appropriate tehnology yield sure and stable crops ranging from 5.5 to 6.0 t/ha. As new high quality cultivars of spring malting barley they spread fast in the agricultural areas of Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina they can be recommended to malt and beer industries as well as to family farms.

lz prograrna oplemenjivanja zobi na Zavodu za opremenjivanje bilja, genetiku i metodiku istraživanja Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu proizašle su dvije nove priznate sorte jare zobi –Željka i Vesna. To su moderni visokorodni kultivari adaptirani na agroekološko područje Hrvatske, BiH, te Slovenije. Vesna lje za 3-5 dana raniji kultivar od Željke. Prirodom zrna značajno nadmašuju domaći i strani standard. U pokusima daju i iznad 7 (Orahovica 1994. I 1995. godine, te Županja 1994. godine). S obzirom na adaptabilnost, stabilnost i sigurnost priroda Vesnu i Željku možemo preporučiti za široku proizvodnju., Two newly recognized cultivars of spring oats - Željka and Vesna have been created within the oats breeding programme at the lnstitute of Plant breeding, Genetics and Biometrics of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb. They are modern high yielding cultivars adapted to the agroecological area of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia. Vesna has shorter vegetation period then Željka by 3-5 days. By their grain yield they significantly exceed the domestic and forign standards. In the trials they yielded over 7 t/ha of dry grains, while in general production they are superior by 5 to 6 t/ha of dry grains (Orahovica 1994 and 1995, and Županja in 1994). As regards their adaptability and stability Vesna and Željka can be strongly recommended for production.

U ovom se radu govori o dva međunarodna dokumenta u svezi očuvanja biološke raznolikosti: Program za 21. stoljeće i Konvencija o biološkoj raznolikosti. Raspravljena je svrha i cilj ovih dokumenata., The paper deals with two international documents concerning conservation of biological diversity: Agenda 21 and Convention on Biological Diversity. The background, aims and prospects of these documents have been discussed.

U radu je dan prikaz dosadašnjeg rada, organizacije i ciljeva Hrvatskog sjemenskog programa. Objašnjeni su postojeći problemi u proizvodnji, doradi, distribuciji i marketingu sjemena. Istaknuta je potreba na daljnjem ruzvoju zakonodavstva na području sjemenarstva kao i njihovo prilagođavanje zakonima razvijenih zapadnoeuropskih zemalja., The main functions, organisation and objectives of the National Seed Programme in Croatia are outlined. The problems in seed production, processing, distribution and marketing are discussed. Further development of the legal organisation of the seed sector is needed as well as its adjustment to seed laws of the developed west European countries.

Odabir kultivara soje za uzgoj u određenom agroekološkom području predmet je mnogobrojnih istraživanja kod nas i u svijetu. Opće je poznato da su pojedini kultivari adaptabilniji te daju sigurne prirode u širom agroekološkom području. Odabir kultivara soje za sjetvu na području Županje godinama se temeljio na egzaktnim mikropokusima, makropokusima, pokusnoj i širokoj proizvodnji. Do domovinskog rata ova su istraživanja kontinuirano provođena a ratne su prilike donekle usporile ovaj rad. Ipak, u 1994. godini postavljen je makropokus soje sa 41 kultivarom i linijom kao novi početak rada na odabiru i umnažanju sjemena novih kultivara. U pokus na lokaciji Županja uvrđene su linije i kultivari grupa zriobe 00, 0-I, I, I-II, i II. U grupi 00 najniži prirod dala je Županjka 19,8 dt/ha, a najviši linija PSOH- 1 25,0 dt/ha ili 26,26% više. Najniži prirod u grupi 0 dali su kultivari Neretva i Kaja 12,0 dt/ha, a najviši kultivar Gordana 26,5 dt/ha ili 14,5 dt/ha više. U grupi zriobe 0-1 najniži prirod dao je kultivar P-9061 (Gadur) 17,0 dt/ha, a najviši linija L-86-1779 26,0 dt/ha ili 52,94%. Najniži prirod u grupi I dala je linija L-185 12,0 dt/ha, a najviši linija P-9161 27,5 dt/ha ili 15,5 dt/ha više. U grupi I-II najniži prirod dala je linija P-9121 14,0 dt/ha, a najviši Ronda 30,5 dt/ha ili više 16,5 dt/ha. U grupi II najniži prirod dala je linija P -9071 7,0 dt/ha, a kultivar Sava je dala 34,0 dt/ha ili 27,0 dt/ha više. Razlika između najnižeg priroda (Kaja i Neretva 12,0 dt/ha) i najvišeg (Sava 34,0 dt/ha) iznosi 22,0 t ili cijeli prosjek pokusa., The election of soybean cultivars for growing in a certain agroecologic region is the subject of numerous investigations in our country and in the world. Some cultivars are more adaptable and are sure to give a stable yield in a wider agroecologic area. The election of soybean cultivars for sowing in Županja region has been based for years on micro-trials, macro-trials, the experimental and wide production. Those investigations were continuously conducted until the war time, but then the work was somewhat slowed down by the war conditions. However, in 1994 a soybean macrotrial was caried out with 41 cultivars and lines as a new start of work on the selection and production of seeds of new cultivars. Lines and cultivars of the maturity groups 00, 0-I, I, I-II and II were included in the trial on Županja location. In the group 00 the lowest yield was given by Županjka with 19,8 dt/ha, and the highest by line PSOH-I with 25,0 dt/ha or 26,26% more. the lowest yield in the group 0 was given by cultivars Neretva and Kaja with 12,0 dt7ha, and the highest by cultivar Gordana with 26,5 dt/ha or 14,5 dt/ha more. In the maturity group 0-I the lowest yiled was given by cultivar P-9061 (Gadur) with 17,0 dt/ha, and the highest by line L-86-1779 with 26,0 dt/ha or 52,94% more. In the group I the lowest yield was given by line L-185 with 12,0 dt/ha, and the highest by line P-9161 with 27,5 dt/ha or 15,5 dt/ha more. In the group I-II the lowest yield was given by line P-9121 with 14,0 dt/ha, and the highest by Ronda with 2,05 dt/ha or 16,5 dt/ha more. In the group II the lowest yield was given by line P-9071 with 0,70 dt/ha, and cultivar Sava gave 34,90 dt/ha or 27,0 dt/ha more. The difference between the lowest yield (Kaja and Neretva) and the highest by Sava with 34,0 dt/ha amount to 22,0 dt what equals the average of the trial.

Soja se u Hrvatskoj uzgaja u uvjetima bez navodnjavanja naviše od 20,000 hektara s proizvodnjom od oko 50,000 tona. No, potrebe su Hrvatske oko 100,000 tona tako da se oko 50% uvozi. Oplemenjivački program na soji razvijeni su u Zagrebu i Osijeku, te su domaći kultivari osnova sjemenarstva. Iako se proizvodi dovoljno sjemenske soje, kakvoća sjemena nije uvijek zadovoljavajuća zbog nedostatka kapaciteta za doradu i uskladištenje., The cultivation of soybean in Croatia is done in dry-farming conditions on more than 20,000 hectares with the production of about 50,000 tones. However, current requirement for soybean grain in Croatia is about 100,000 tones, so that about 50% of soybean is imported. Soybean breeding programs are located in Zagreb and Osijek and domestic cultivars are the basis of seed production programs. Although there is sufficient seed production capacity there is some concern over seed quality due to the lack of seed processing and storage facilities.

U radu se uspoređuje hrvatsko zakonodavstvo na području zaštite prava oplemenjivača s smjernicama danima u ugovoru UPOV iz 1978. i 1991. godine. Iako Republika Hrvatska nije članica UPOV-a, njezini su zakoni u skladu s odredbama ugovora UPOV iz 1978. godine. No, postoje znatne razlike između UPOV-a iz 1978. i 1991. godine. Daljnji je rad na usklađivanju hrvatskog zakonodavstva s odredbama UPOV ugovora iz 1991. godine nužan ukoliko se želi pristupiti članstvu., The paper deals with legislation concerning plant breeders' rights in Croatia in comparison with UPOV models (UPOV 1978 and 1991). Although Republic of Croatia is not a member of UPOV, there is a conformity of its laws concerning PBR with the provisions of the UPOV 1978 Act. However, there are significant differences between UPOV 1978 provisions and those of the 1991 Act. Further work on reviewing the PBR legislation is clearly needed in order to put it in accordance with the UPOV 1991 Act if Croatia wants to become a full member of UPOV.

Seed production in Croatia has been developing as a natural sequel to plant genetics and plant breeding. Thus, the first Station for Seed Testing, attached to the Royal Agricultural and Forestry School at Križevci, was established in 1893. It was a nucleus of scientific work on seed production as well as for breeding of new cultivars of agricultural plants. Fruitful scientific work of many generations has been published in various periodicals in our country and abroad. The International Scientific Symposium, held at Stubičke Toplice, under the auspices of dr. FranjoTudman,president of the Republic of Croatia, Dec.6-11,1993, marked this continuous work 100 Years later. The importance of breeding and production of new cultivars initiated establishing the "Sjemenarstvo (Seed Science and Technology)" journal in Zagreb, Feb. 19,1984. In the meantime, due to political conditions, the name of the journal had to be slightly changed. Its editors-inchief were Ante Ujević (1984- 1990), then Prof. Ivan Mihaljev, Ph. D. and since Dec. 17,prof. I. Kolak Ph.D. When the journal was first established, the idea was that it should be primarily professional and informative, and only then scientific. The decision brought depended on the governmental financial support at that time. This was the reason that no papers were categoroized until 1987. Thus, 104 papers were published without being categoized. Altogether 407 papers have been published so far, including 3.376 references. Having in mind scientific categories of the papers published since 1987, there have been 100 original scientific papers, 48 review papers, 122 conference papers and 33 professional papers covering various scientific fields. In the next period, more papers on nurseries, floriculture, medicinal and aromatic plants can be expected.