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Start Over Author "Elmes, Jocelyn" Journal sexually transmitted infections
3 results on '"Elmes, Jocelyn"'

1. Effect of police enforcement and extreme social inequalities on violence and mental health among women who sell sex: findings from a cohort study in London, UK

Author

Elmes, Jocelyn, primary, Stuart, Rachel, additional, Grenfell, Pippa, additional, Walker, Josephine, additional, Hill, Kathleen, additional, Hernandez, Paz, additional, Henham, Carolyn, additional, Rutsito, Sibongile, additional, Sarker, MD, additional, Creighton, Sarah, additional, Browne, Chrissy, additional, Boily, Marie-Claude, additional, Vickerman, Peter, additional, and Platt, Lucy, additional

Published
2021
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2. Effect of police enforcement and extreme social inequalities on violence and mental health among women who sell sex: findings from a cohort study in London, UK.

Author

Elmes, Jocelyn, Stuart, Rachel, Grenfell, Pippa, Walker, Josephine, Hill, Kathleen, Hernandez, Paz, Henham, Carolyn, Rutsito, Sibongile, Sarker, Creighton, Sarah, Browne, Chrissy, Boily, Marie-Claude, Vickerman, Peter, Platt, Lucy, and Sarker, M D

Subjects
RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, VIOLENCE, MENTAL health, EVALUATION research, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, COMPARATIVE studies, QUESTIONNAIRES, RESEARCH funding, LONGITUDINAL method, POLICE
Abstract

Objectives: To examine legal and social determinants of violence, anxiety/depression among sex workers.Methods: A participatory prospective cohort study among women (inclusive of transgender) ≥18 years, selling sex in the last 3 months in London between 2018 and 2019. We used logistic generalised estimating equation models to measure associations between structural factors on recent (6 months) violence from clients or others (local residents, strangers), depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4).Results: 197 sex workers were recruited (96% cisgender-women; 46% street-based; 54% off-street) and 60% completed a follow-up questionnaire. Street-based sex workers experienced greater inequalities compared with off-street in relation to recent violence from clients (73% vs 36%); police (42% vs 7%); intimate partner violence (IPV) (56% vs 18%) and others (67% vs 17%), as well as homelessness (65% vs 7%) and recent law enforcement (87% vs 9%). Prevalence of any STI was 17.5% (17/97). For street-based sex workers, recent arrest was associated with violence from others (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.77; 95% CI 1.11 to 6.94) and displacement by police was associated with client violence (aOR 4.35; 95% CI 1.36 to 13.90). Financial difficulties were also associated with client violence (aOR 4.66; 95% CI 1.64 to 13.24). Disability (aOR 3.85; 95% CI 1.49 to 9.95) and client violence (aOR 2.55; 95% CI 1.10 to 5.91) were associated with anxiety/depression. For off-street sex workers, financial difficulties (aOR 3.66; 95% CI 1.64 to 8.18), unstable residency (aOR 3.19; 95% CI 1.36 to 7.49), IPV (aOR 3.77; 95% CI 1.30 to 11.00) and alcohol/drug use were associated with client violence (aOR 3.16; 95% CI 1.26 to 7.92), while always screening and refusing clients was protective (aOR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.87). Disability (aOR 5.83; 95% CI 2.34 to 14.51), unmet mental health needs (aOR 3.08; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.23) and past eviction (aOR 3.99; 95% CI 1.23 to 12.92) were associated with anxiety/depression.Conclusions: Violence, anxiety/depression are linked to poverty, unstable housing and police enforcement. We need to modify laws to allow sex workers to work safely and increase availability of housing and mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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3. P3.119 The effect of HSV-2 infection on subsequent hiv acquisition: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Looker, Katharine J, Elmes, Jocelyn AR, Gottlieb, Sami L, Schiffer, Joshua T, Vickerman, Peter, Turner, Katherine ME, and Boily, Marie-Claude

Abstract

IntroductionHIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections cause a large burden of disease globally and are correlated epidemiologically through shared risk factors. There is also evidence for direct, biological interactions, with HSV-2 infection increasing HIV susceptibility (and vice versa). We update and expand on two previous systematic reviews of the association between HSV-2 infection and HIV acquisition published over a decade ago.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of 56 longitudinal studies of the association between HSV-2 infection and HIV acquisition. We calculated pooled effect sizes using DerSimonian-Laird inverse-variance methods for the association between existing (prevalent) HSV-2 infection and HIV seroconversion and the first-ever pooled effect sizes for new (incident) HSV-2 infection on HIV. We extended previous evaluations through detailed meta-regression and sub-group analyses.ResultsThe risk of acquiring HIV infection was approximately doubled in the presence of prevalent HSV-2 infection, and higher among general populations (aRR=2.7; 95% CI 2.2–3.4, n=24) than higher-risk populations such as commercial sex workers and men who have sex with men (aRR=1.7; 95% CI 1.4–2.1, n=25). Incident HSV-2 infection was associated with the highest risk of acquiring HIV: up to aRR=4.7 (95%CI 2.2–10.1, n=6). Adjustment for confounders was often incomplete, but this did not meaningfully influence results in subgroup analysis. Substantial heterogeneity across study estimates was explained by risk group, timing of HSV-2 infection, and world region.ConclusionThere is good evidence for a direct effect of HSV-2 infection on HIV acquisition risk. This has important implications for managing individuals diagnosed with genital herpes, given the greater risk of acquiring HIV, especially for those newly infected. Interventions targeted against HSV-2, such as new HSV vaccines, have the potential for an additional benefit against HIV, which could be substantial particularly in regions where co-infections are abundant.

Published
2017
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