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Electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation are treatment methods based on the same removal mechanism.In this study, it was investigated the effectiveness of coagulation methods using Al electrodes and Al2(SO4)3.18H2O on the wastewaters from cardboard production.In the electrocoagulation experiments, the optimum current and pH where the highest COD removal efficiency by 54% was achieved were determined respectively as 10A and 6.62.The study also it was seen that 58%COD removal was reached for the KCl concentration of 0.5 mg/L that was applied.In the chemical coagulation study, the highest removal efficiencies were obtained as 36%, 95% and 97% for respectively COD, color and turbidity.The results show that higher efficiency could be achieved by electrocoagulation as a pre-treatment step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, perennial fast growth Napier grass fibers were used for pulp and papermaking. Chlorination and alkaline processes were carried out using sodium chlorite and sodium hydroxide respectively, for pulp extraction from Napier grass. Detailed chemical composition analysis of the Napier grass fibers and the extracted pulp was carried out and a comparison with other perennial grasses was made. The extracted fibers and pulp obtained from Napier grass were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physical, optical, and mechanical properties of Napier grass pulp handmade paper sheets produced in the laboratory were investigated by finding the opacity, brightness, tensile index, breaking length, and burst index. Handmade paper sheets made from Napier grass pulp were compared to paper made from other perennial grasses. The superior properties of paper produced from Napier grass pulp indicate the suitability of Napier grass as an alternative non-wood source for papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]