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This study focuses on zinc-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (Zn-SnO 2 NPs) as promising humidity sensors. Through a chemical coprecipitation method, we synthesized Zn-SnO 2 NPs and explored the influence of calcination temperature on their properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed the tetragonal rutile structure, and morphological analysis revealed a cauliflower-like morphology with enhanced porosity after calcination. UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements demonstrated a blue shift in the absorption peak and significant emission peaks related to oxygen vacancies, indicating improved humidity sensing potential as increasing the calcination temperature. The controlled calcination process led to successful outcomes, precisely tuning the NPs structure and optical behavior for enhanced humidity sensing capabilities. Conductivity studies have highlighted the semiconducting behavior of the NPs and observed that an increase in calcination temperature reduces their conductivity. Notably, humidity sensing experiments revealed a remarkable response of 93% and an exceptional response time of 30 seconds for the calcined NPs, surpassing the uncalcined sample. The sensing mechanism involving physisorption, chemisorption, and capillary condensation of water molecules on the NPs surface was validated. Moreover, the stability test over two month demonstrated consistent and highly stable humidity sensing response, reaffirming the NPs potential as effective and reliable humidity sensors. [Display omitted] • Zn-SnO 2 NPs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. • The effect of calcination temperature on morphological & optical traits was studied. • Surface defects & mesoporous morphology play an important role in humidity sensing. • Calcinated NP sensor's are high sensitive & reactive to humidity variations. • The high sensitivity low response time is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]