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Highlights • An accurate retrieval method of electromagnetic parameters of bi-axial bianisotropic metamaterials is proposed. • The method is based on reference-plane-invariant calculations by using simulated or measured scattering parameters of the structure under test. • The frequency varying technique is applied for extracting separate reflection coefficients of bi-anisotropic metamaterial slabs. Abstract In this paper, we investigate a reference-plane invariant (RPI) method for electromagnetic property extraction of bi-axial bianisotropic metamaterial (MM) slabs. In order to obtain unique properties, we applied the frequency varying technique in order to determine the location of the slab within its cell. For validation of the proposed method, we first simulated and then measured scattering parameters of a MM slab constructed by split-ring-resonators, next extracted its electromagnetic properties, and finally compared extracted properties by those retrieved by another method which requires reference-plane information. From the comparison, we noted that whereas our proposed method correctly retrieved electromagnetic properties without knowing the value of reference plane transformation factors, the accuracy of the tested method was seriously influenced by any inaccurate reference plane information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Thickness-independent permittivity determination of solid materials via reference-plane invariant measurements is achieved. [•] A branch-index-independent function involving only the complex permittivity (through the first reflection term) is derived. [•] The technique is tested for dispersive and non-dispersive materials using measurements at near and distant frequency points. [•] An uncertainty model is applied to demonstrate the importance of thickness information on electromagnetic characterization. [•] The accuracy of the proposed technique is comprehensively compared with that of other similar techniques in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A reference-plane invariant method for constitutive parameters measurement of liquid materials is proposed. [•] A simple approach for evaluation of reference-plane transformation factors is devised. [•] An uncertainty analysis is performed to assess the accuracy of the proposed method. [•] The accuracy of the proposed method does not change when correct reference-plane transformation factors are not known a priori while that of similar methods in the literature is drastically altered. [•] Proposed method can extract information of electromagnetic properties of dispersive liquid materials over broad frequency bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]