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This article is devoted to the theory of the converse magnetoelectric (CME) effect for the longitudinal, bending, longitudinal-shear, and torsional resonance modes and its quasi-static regime. In contrast to the direct ME effect (DME), these issues have not been studied in sufficient detail in the literature. However, in a number of cases, in particular in the study of low-frequency ME antennas, the results obtained are of interest. Detailed calculations with examples were carried out for the longitudinal mode on the symmetric and asymmetric structures based on Metglas/PZT (LN); the bending mode was considered for the asymmetric free structure and structure with rigidly fixed left-end Metglas/PZT (LN); the longitudinal-shear and torsional modes were investigated for the symmetric and asymmetric free structures based on Metglas/GaAs. For the identification of the torsion mode, it was suggested to perform an experiment on the ME structure based on Metglas/bimorphic LN. All calculation results are presented in the form of graphs for the CME coefficients.

Many studies of the ME effect have been carried out in the microwave range in connection with the possibility of creating new electronic devices. One of the main microwave ME effects is the FMR line shift in an electric field, and the purpose of this article is to compare the FMR line shift in the ME structure in an electric field for a number of ferromagnetic metals, their alloys, and YIG ferrite using various piezoelectrics. This article discusses the regimes when the bias field is directed along the main axes of the magnetic component, while, as is known, the observed effect is due only to deformation. As a result of the study, ME structures with maximum and minimum microwave ME effects were found. In addition, the “substrate effect” in the piezoelectric YIG-GGG structure is considered.

The article discusses the physical foundations of the application of the linear magnetoelectric (ME) effect in composites for devices in the low-frequency range, including the electromechanical resonance (EMR) region. The main theoretical expressions for the ME voltage coefficients in the case of a symmetric and asymmetric composite structure in the quasi-static and resonant modes are given. The area of EMR considered here includes longitudinal, bending, longitudinal shear, and torsional modes. Explanations are given for finding the main resonant frequencies of the modes under study. Comparison of theory and experimental results for some composites is given.

One of the new materials that have recently attracted wide attention of researchers are magnetoelectric (ME) composites. Great interest in these materials is due to their properties associated with the transformation of electric polarization/magnetization under the influence of external magnetic/electric fields and the possibility of their use to create new devices. In the proposed review, ME magnetic field sensors based on the widely used structures Terfenol—PZT/PMN-PT, Metglas—PZT/PMN-PT, and Metglas—Lithium niobate, among others, are considered as the first applications of the ME effect in technology. Estimates of the parameters of ME sensors are given, and comparative characteristics of magnetic field sensors are presented. Taking into account the high sensitivity of ME magnetic field sensors, comparable to superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), we discuss the areas of their application.

The paper is devoted to the possibility of using magnetoelectric materials for the production of a crankshaft position sensor for automobiles. The composite structure, consisting of a PZT or LiNbO3 piezoelectric with a size of 20 mm × 5 mm × 0.5 mm, and plates of the magnetostrictive material Metglas of the appropriate size were used as a sensitive element. The layered structure was made from a bidomain lithium niobate monocrystal with a Y + 128° cut and amorphous metal of Metglas. Various combinations of composite structures are also investigated; for example, asymmetric structures using a layer of copper and aluminum. The output characteristics of these structures are compared in the resonant and non-resonant modes. It is shown that the value of the magnetoelectric resonant voltage coefficient was 784 V/(cm·Oe), and the low-frequency non-resonant magnetoelectric coefficient for the magnetoelectric element was about 3 V/(cm·Oe). The principle of operation of the position sensor and the possibility of integration into automotive systems, using the CAN bus, are examined in detail. To obtain reliable experimental results, a special stand was assembled on the basis of the SKAD-1 installation. The studies showed good results and a high prospect for the use of magnetoelectric sensors as position sensors and, in particular, of a vehicle’s crankshaft position sensor.

In this work a magnetoelectric (ME) current sensor design based on a magnetoelectric effect is presented and discussed. The resonant and non-resonant type of ME current sensors are considered. Theoretical calculations of the ME current sensors by the equivalent circuit method were conducted. The application of different sensors using the new effects, for example, the ME effect, is made possible with the development of new ME composites. A large number of studies conducted in the field of new composites, allowed us to obtain a high magnetostrictive-piezoelectric laminate sensitivity. An optimal ME structure composition was matched. The characterization of a non-resonant current sensor showed that in the operation range to 5 A, the sensor had a sensitivity of 0.34 V/A, non-linearity less than 1% and for a resonant current sensor in the same operation range, the sensitivity was of 0.53 V/A, non-linearity less than 0.5%.