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2. Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot

Author

David Berard, Chirantan Sen, Corinne D. Nawn, August N. Blackburn, Kathy L. Ryan, and Megan B. Blackburn

Subjects
spectral reflectance, airway management, endotracheal tube placement, tissue detection, tracheal tissue, esophageal tissue, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Endotracheal intubation is a common life-saving procedure implemented in emergency care to ensure patient oxygenation, but it is difficult and often performed in suboptimal conditions leading to high rates of patient complications. Undetected misplacement in the esophagus is a preventable complication that can lead to fatalities in 5–10% of patients who undergo emergency intubation. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and other proper placement detection methods are useful, yet the problem of misplacement persists. Our previous work demonstrated the utility of spectral reflectance sensors for differentiating esophageal and tracheal tissues, which can be used to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of spectral characterization in the presence of saline, blood, “vomit”, and soot in the trachea. Our results show that spectral properties of the trachea that differentiate it from the esophagus persist in the presence of these substances. This work further confirms the potential usefulness of this novel detection technology in field applications.

Published
2020
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3. Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot

Author

Kathy L. Ryan, Corinne D. Nawn, Chirantan Sen, David Berard, Megan B. Blackburn, and August Blackburn

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Letter, medicine.medical_treatment, Endotracheal intubation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, spectral reflectance, lcsh:Chemical technology, Biochemistry, intubation, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Esophagus, 0302 clinical medicine, Soot, Intubation, Intratracheal, medicine, Humans, Intubation, endotracheal tube placement, lcsh:TP1-1185, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Monitoring, Physiologic, High rate, airway management, business.industry, Spectral properties, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Carbon Dioxide, tracheal tissue, Reflectivity, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Trachea, Esophageal Tissue, medicine.anatomical_structure, tissue detection, Airway management, Radiology, esophageal tissue, business, endotracheal tube misplacement
Abstract

Endotracheal intubation is a common life-saving procedure implemented in emergency care to ensure patient oxygenation, but it is difficult and often performed in suboptimal conditions leading to high rates of patient complications. Undetected misplacement in the esophagus is a preventable complication that can lead to fatalities in 5–10% of patients who undergo emergency intubation. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and other proper placement detection methods are useful, yet the problem of misplacement persists. Our previous work demonstrated the utility of spectral reflectance sensors for differentiating esophageal and tracheal tissues, which can be used to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of spectral characterization in the presence of saline, blood, “vomit”, and soot in the trachea. Our results show that spectral properties of the trachea that differentiate it from the esophagus persist in the presence of these substances. This work further confirms the potential usefulness of this novel detection technology in field applications.

Published
2020

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