1. Causal Connections From Chronic Kidney Disease to Cardiac Fibrosis
- Author
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Melanie S. Hulshoff, Michael Zeisberg, Elisabeth M. Zeisberg, Xingbo Xu, and Sandip K. Rath
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cardiac fibrosis ,cardiac fibrosis ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibrosis ,Chronic kidney disease ,NADPH OXIDASE ,PHOSPHATE ,Medicine ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Glucuronidase ,DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION ,3. Good health ,Nephrology ,Cardiology ,HEART-FAILURE ,Cardiomyopathies ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS ,Renal function ,Klotho ,Phosphates ,03 medical and health sciences ,fibroblasts ,Internal medicine ,endothelial-mesenchymal transition ,Animals ,Humans ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Klotho Proteins ,Inflammation ,MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,Endothelial Cells ,medicine.disease ,Fibroblast Growth Factors ,Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ,MicroRNAs ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Heart failure ,ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION ,Myocardial fibrosis ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and heart failure are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Because impairment of kidney function correlates with heart failure and cardiac fibrosis, a kidney-heart axis is suspected. Although our understanding of the underlying mechanisms still is evolving, the possibility that kidney-heart messengers could be intercepted offers ample reason to focus on this clinically highly relevant problem. Here, we review the current knowledge of how kidney injury causes heart failure and fibrosis.
- Published
- 2018
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