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The appropriate blood pressure (BP) target for dialysis patients remains controversial. Although there have been remarkable advances in this area in the general population, extrapolation of these data to dialysis patients is not possible. Observational studies in dialysis patients suggest that low BP is associated with worse outcomes. However, this is likely a result of confounding, considering that among dialysis patients with fewer cardiovascular comorbidities and longer survival, a more linear relationship exists between BP and mortality. Use of home BP measurements and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) measurements are more useful from a prognostic standpoint than in-center predialysis BP measurements. Large clinical trial data are, however, lacking and firm recommendations on BP targets for dialysis patients are not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the treatment methods for subclavian vein stenosis in hemodialysis patients in the United States. Complications of subclavian vein stenosis; Discussion of each access method; Preference of stenting over other methods.

Focuses on the long-term performance and complications of the Tesio twin catheter system for hemodialysis access. Risks of subclavian stenosis and thrombosis; Rate of infection in the placement of the catheter; Use of urokinase in sufficient amount to fill the catheter.