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A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (P.M.L.) with humoral immunologic deficiency and hemochromatosis has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Widespread demyelination of white substance, gigantic astrocytes, inflammatory perivascular cuffs and numerous nuclear and cytoplasmic viral inclusions, suggesting Papovavirus were observed. The relationship between P.M.L. and hemochromatosis is discussed.

Muscle changed found in five patients with periodic paralysis are described. Three patients had familial hypokaliemic paralysis, one had familial periodic paralysis with hyperkaliemia, and one had periodic attacks of muscular weakness with thyrotoxicosis. According to the stage in the clinical course at which biopsy was performed, several pathological patterns are described. Vacuolization was the main feature in the early stages of periodic paralysis. Later in the clinical course, tubular aggregates were the characteristic findings. In addition, degenerative changes of the muscle fibres were found in patient exhibiting a permanent myopathic condition. In thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, the longer the clinical course, the more severe the changes appeared to be. Possible mechanisms leading to such structural abnormalities remain in question.

210 cases of diffuse myalgias are analysed. Among them two groups of very near frequency can be distinguished. The first group (100 cases) concerns mainly inflammatory myalgias. In the second group (110 cases) no organic aetiology is found. They appear as purely "functional", frequent manifestations of an anxious and/or depressive condition. Their evolution is often chronic and refractory to therapeutics; the diagnosis is frequently misappreciated.

The authors report a case of tuberculous meningitis in which multiple bacteriological samples were negative during the eleven months of the clinical course. There were no other visceral localizations. The fatal outcome was due to vascular lesions (multiple cerebral infarcts), and to CSF flow disorders. The findings of cranial computerized axial tomography and of the pathological examination are reported.

Three cases with eosinophilic infiltration of fascia and muscle are described. In every case at least one relapse occurred. One patient exhibited clinically the definite features of eosinophilic fasciitis. About two cases a tentative diagnosis of Shulman's syndrome is discussed. In these patients, all known causes of eosinophilic myositis had been excluded.

Unmyelinated afferent fibres are the most numerous of the whole afferent component. Their function in nociception is now well established. However some recent data allow to think that their function is much more complex. Cutaneous unmyelinated afferences are evaluated in controls and in 3 groups of patients (painful neuropathies, painless neuropathies with hypesthesia, diabetic neuropathies). Amyelinic myelinic ratio is not in accordance with the gate control theory. Muscular afferent fibres are studied, especially the lateral gastrocnemius soleus nerve of cat. Their predominance is obvious. Our study was conducted by recording single unit activity from a micro electrod inserted in dorsal root ganglia. But 45% of unmyelinated fibres are not activated by various algesic stimuli. It is suggested that they have a function in cardio-pulmonary adaptation to effort and possibly segmental vascular control as homonymous reflex effect on moto-neuron. Their several properties are a possible explanation of muscular cramps.

The intra-operative establishment of some impairments of the median nerve, in patients who are operated for carpal tunnel syndrome and who previously received several local injections of corticoids, led the authors to try to see the respective responsibility of the compression and of the injection in the degenerative process. In 60- dog cubital nerves, it has been possible, to study different parameters by intra and perineural (recurrent or not injections: the puncture, the dilatation, the solvents, the benzylic alcool and two long action corticoids very often used (triamcinolone acetonide, cortivazol). In the first of our series, the injections were done around the nerve and inside the nerve under visual or blind control (as for an infiltration). The nerves are then cut off after 1, 2, or 3 months. In the second of our series, the injections were done in the same way, but recurrently on the first, second and third month, and the nerve was cut off within the fourth month. An electrophysiological study was performed before taking the samples; they were then prepared for reading on the optical and electron microscope. The results show lesions characterized by an epineural spumous sediment, a localized decrease in the large fibers under the perineurium in the first and second series. These impairments seem to be diminishing with time. However when the injections are done recurrently, the lesions are more important, showing a wallerian degeneration and regeneration.