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1. Reproductives signature revealed by protein profiling and behavioral bioassays in termite

Author

Ruhland, Fanny, Gabant, Guillaume, Toussaint, Timothée, Nemcic, Matej, Cadène, Martine, Lucas, Christophe, Université de Tours (UT), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO), Région Centre-Val de Loire (APR-IR 2017-00117111 BioControleTermite, APRIA MALDITOF 2018, APR-IA 2012, APR-IA SYMBIOMS 2010), European Project: 773324,ForestValue, and European Project: 508 2699-33931

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Proteins are known to be social interaction signals in many species in the animal kingdom. Common mediators in mammals and aquatic species, they have seldom been identified as such in insects' behaviors. Yet, they could represent an important component to support social signals in social insects, as the numerous physical contacts between individuals would tend to favor the use of contact compounds in their interactions. However, their role in social interactions is largely unexplored: are they rare or simply underestimated? In this preliminary study, we show that, in the termite Reticulitermes flavipes, polar extracts from reproductives trigger body-shaking of workers (a vibratory behavior involved in reproductives recognition) while extracts from workers do not. Molecular profiling of these cuticular extracts using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry reveals higher protein diversity in reproductives than in workers and a sex-specific composition exclusive to reproductives. While the effects observed with extracts are not as strong as with live termites, these results open up the intriguing possibility that social signaling may not be limited to cuticular hydrocarbons or other non-polar, volatile chemicals as classically accepted. Our results suggest that polar compounds, in particular some of the Cuticular Protein Compounds (CPCs) shown here by MALDI to be specific to reproductives, could play a significant role in insect societies. While this study is preliminary and further comprehensive molecular characterization is needed to correlate the body-shaking triggering effects with a given set of polar compounds, this exploratory study opens new perspectives for understanding the role of polar compounds such as proteins in caste discrimination, fertility signaling, or interspecific insect communication.

Published
2023

2. Novel markers to early detect degradation on cellulose nitrate-based heritage at the submicrometer level using synchrotron UV–VIS multispectral luminescence

Author

Maria Elvira Callapez, Maria João Melo, Artur Neves, Ana M. Ramos, Mathieu Thoury, Robert Friedel, Matthieu Réfrégiers, LAQV@REQUIMTE, DCR - Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, DQ - Departamento de Química, Refregiers, Matthieu, Laboratorio Associado para a Quimica Verde (LAQV), Requimte, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia [Caparica] (CIUHCT), University of Maryland [Baltimore], Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens (IPANEMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (H2020-NMBP‐35‐2017), Grant agreement no 76081, Project NEMOSINE, 'Innovative packaging solutions for storage and conservation of 20th century cultural heritage of artefacts based on cellulose derivatives, and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Ministério da Ciência Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (FCT/MCTES), Portugal, through doctoral programme CORES-PD/00253/2012, PhD Grant PD/BD/136678/2018 (Artur Neves) and Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry- LAQV financed by national funds (UIDB/ 50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020)., Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Materials science, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Photochemistry, Science, Multispectral image, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Celluloid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Nitrate, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, History of chemistry, Cellulose, General, Multidisciplinary, 010401 analytical chemistry, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, Optics and photonics, Physical chemistry, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Degradation (geology), Medicine, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence
Abstract

20200316 H2020-NMBP‐35‐2017 CORES-PD/00253/2012 PD/BD/136678/2018 UIDB/ 50006/2020 UIDP/50006/2020 Cellulose nitrate (CN) is an intrinsically unstable material that puts at risk the preservation of a great variety of objects in heritage collections, also posing threats to human health. For this reason, a detailed investigation of its degradation mechanisms is necessary to develop sustainable conservation strategies. To investigate novel probes of degradation, we implemented deep UV photoluminescence micro spectral-imaging, for the first time, to characterize a corpus of historical systems composed of cellulose nitrate. The analysis of cinematographic films and everyday objects dated from the nineteenth c./early twentieth c. (Perlov's collection), as well as of photo-aged CN and celluloid references allowed the identification of novel markers that correlate with different stages of CN degradation in artworks, providing insight into the role played by plasticizers, fillers, and other additives in stability. By comparison with photoaged references of CN and celluloid (70% CN and 30% camphor), it was possible to correlate camphor concentration with a higher rate of degradation of the cinematographic films. Furthermore, the present study investigates, at the sub-microscale, materials heterogeneity that correlates to the artworks' history, associating the different emission profiles of zinc oxide to specific color formulations used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. publishersversion published

Published
2021

3. Porosity induced by dislocation dynamics in quartz-rich shear bands of granitic rocks

Author

Jacques Précigout, Estelle Ledoux, Laurent Arbaret, Charlotte Spriet, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-19-CE31-0007,MECAMUSH,Cinématique et dynamique des mush magmatiques: implications pour l'extraction et le transfert des magmas dans la croûte terrestre(2019), and European Project: 290864,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,RHEOLITH(2012)

Subjects
Dislocation dynamics, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Quartz, Porosity
Abstract

The production of micro-pores is a driving mechanism for fluids to interact with deep environment and influence rock properties. Yet, such a porosity still remains misunderstood to occur in viscous rocks and may be attributed to either grain boundary sliding (GBS), dissolution effects or sub-grain rotation. Here we focus on quartz-rich shear bands across the Naxos western granite (Aegean Sea, Greece), where we document sub-micron pores at quartz boundaries. While most of these pores are observed along grain boundaries, some of them occur at intra-grain boundaries, which excludes dissolution or GBS to produce them, but instead involves the dynamic of dislocations. We then confirm that quartz is dominated by dislocation creep with evidence of a moderate to strong lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) and numerous tilt/twist boundaries, including at the pluton margin where rocks embrittled. These features coincide with (1) randomly oriented ‘inclusion’ quartz grains along tilt/twist boundaries and (2) a partial dependency of the LPO strength on grain size. Our findings suggest that pores arise from coalescing dislocations at boundaries of rotating sub-grains, providing nucleation sites for new grains to be precipitated during plastic flow. Fluid infiltration, rock embrittlement and related implications are also expected through pores accumulation with increasing strain.

Published
2022

4. Molecular principles of recruitment and dynamics of guest proteins in liquid droplets

Author

Virginie Gaudon, Bertrand Castaing, Hiroto Takahashi, Nanako Iwaki, Yaakov Levy, Kiyoto Kamagata, Satoshi Takahashi, Milan K. Hazra, Hiroyuki Oikawa, Trishit Banerjee, Rika Chiba, Saori Kanbayashi, Michiko Kimura, Seiji Sakomoto, Tohoku University [Sendai], Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Kyoto University, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Frapart, Isabelle, Kyoto University [Kyoto], and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Protein Folding, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], macromolecular substances, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Phase Transition, Article, Computational biophysics, 03 medical and health sciences, Molecular dynamics, 0302 clinical medicine, Single-molecule biophysics, Organelle, Fluorescence microscope, Host protein, 030304 developmental biology, Biomolecular Condensates, Organelles, 0303 health sciences, Intrinsically disordered proteins, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Dynamics (mechanics), Single Molecule Imaging, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Microscopy, Fluorescence, Mutation, Biophysics, Medicine, Protein Multimerization, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Despite the continuous discovery of host and guest proteins in membraneless organelles, complex host–guest interactions hinder the understanding of the molecular grammar governing liquid–liquid phase separation. In this study, we characterized the localization and dynamic properties of guest proteins in liquid droplets using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Eighteen guest proteins of different sizes, structures, and oligomeric states were examined in host p53 liquid droplets. Recruitment did not significantly depend on the structural properties of the guest proteins, but was moderately correlated with their length, total charge, and number of R and Y residues. In contrast, the diffusion of disordered guest proteins was comparable to that of host p53, whereas that of folded proteins varied widely. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that folded proteins diffuse within the voids of the liquid droplet while interacting weakly with neighboring host proteins, whereas disordered proteins adapt their structures to form tight interactions with the host proteins. Our study provides insights into the key molecular principles of the localization and dynamics of guest proteins in liquid droplets.

Published
2021

5. Vertical distribution of aerosols in dust storms during the Arctic winter

Author

Jean-Baptiste Renard, Gwenaël Berthet, Haraldur Ólafsson, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Damien Vignelles, Vincent Duverger, Nicolas Verdier, Auðlinda- og umhverfisdeild (LBHÍ), Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences (AUI), Landbúnaðarháskóli Íslands, Agricultural University of Iceland, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)

Subjects
Atmospheric chemistry, EOSDIS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Air pollution, lcsh:Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Altitude, Dust storm, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Saharan Air Layer, Aerosols, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Dust storms, Loftmengun, Storm, Particulates, Aerosol, The arctic, Svifryk, Lidar, Pathfinder, Geography, Arctic, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Polar amplification, Environmental science, Andrúmsloft, Satellite, lcsh:Q, Experimental particle physics
Abstract

High Latitude Dust (HLD) contributes 5% to the global dust budget, but HLD measurements are sparse. Dust observations from Iceland provide dust aerosol distributions during the Arctic winter for the first time, profiling dust storms as well as clean air conditions. Five winter dust storms were captured during harsh conditions. Mean number concentrations during the non-dust flights were 40 particles cm−3 during dust storms. A moderate dust storm with >250 particles cm−3 (2 km altitude) was captured on 10th January 2016 as a result of sediments suspended from glacial outburst flood Skaftahlaup in 2015. Similar concentrations were reported previously in the Saharan air layer. Detected particle sizes were up to 20 µm close to the surface, up to 10 µm at 900 m altitude, up to 5 µm at 5 km altitude, and submicron at altitudes >6 km. Dust sources in the Arctic are active during the winter and produce large amounts of particulate matter dispersed over long distances and high altitudes. HLD contributes to Arctic air pollution and has the potential to influence ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds and Arctic amplification., The instrument and the gondola were built by ENVEA and MeteoModem companies. The flights were conducted in cooperation with the Icelandic Meteorological Office and the Agricultural University of Iceland. The various copies of LOAC used in the campaigns were funded by the French program “VOLTAIRE Labex (Laboratoire d’Excellence ANR-10-LABX-100-01)”. The preparation of this manuscript was funded by the Icelandic Research Fund (Rannis) Grant No. 152248-051. We acknowledge the use of imagery from the NASA Worldview application (https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov), part of the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), as well as NASA CALIPSO application (Dr. Charles Trepte, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations, https://www-calipso.larc.nasa.gov). We thank Mark Francis Sixsmith for his proofreading of this work. RAX (photographer Ragnar Axelsson) captured our field work in the greatest detail and we are thankful to use his photograph in this manuscript.

Published
2019

6. Dehydration-induced earthquakes identified in a subducted oceanic slab beneath Vrancea, Romania

Author

Thomas P. Ferrand, Elena Florinela Manea, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Earth Physics [Bucharest] (NIEP), GNS Science [Lower Hutt], GNS Science, and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)

Subjects
Solid Earth sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Mantle (geology), Lithosphere, Oceanic crust, Petrology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Subduction, Continental crust, Tectonics, Geology, Mineralogy, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Delamination (geology), Slab, Medicine
Abstract

Vrancea, Eastern Romania, presents a significant intermediate-depth seismicity, between 60 and 170 km depth, i.e. pressures from 2 to 6.5 GPa. A debate has been lasting for decades regarding the nature of the seismic volume, which could correspond to the remnant of a subducted slab of Tethyan lithosphere or a delamination of the Carpathians lithosphere. Here we compile the entire seismicity dataset (≈ 10,000 events with 2 ≤ Mw ≤ 7.9) beneath Vrancea for P > 0.55 GPa (> 20 km) since 1940 and estimate the pressure and temperature associated with each hypocenter. We infer the pressure and temperature, respectively, from a depth-pressure conversion and from the most recent tomography-based thermal model. Pressure–temperature diagrams show to what extent these hypocentral conditions match the thermodynamic stability limits for minerals typical of the uppermost mantle, oceanic crust and lower continental crust. The stability limits of lawsonite, chloritoid, serpentine and talc minerals show particularly good correlations. Overall, the destabilization of both mantle and crustal minerals could participate in explaining the observed seismicity, but mantle minerals appear more likely with more convincing correlations. Most hypocentral conditions match relatively well antigorite dehydration between 2 and 4.5 GPa; at higher pressures, the dehydration of the 10-Å phase provides the best fit. We demonstrate that the Vrancea intermediate-depth seismicity is evidence of the current dehydration of an oceanic slab beneath Romania. Our results are consistent with a recent rollback of a W-dipping oceanic slab, whose current location is explained by limited delamination of the continental Moesian lithosphere between the Tethyan suture zone and Vrancea.

Published
2021

7. Nanoscale 3D quantitative imaging of 1.88 Ga Gunflint microfossils reveals novel insights into taphonomic and biogenic characters

Author

Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, Felisa Berenguer, Loïc Bertrand, Plinio Jaqueto, Pierre Gueriau, Keyron Hickman-Lewis, Frances Westall, Ricardo I.F. Trindade, Douglas Galante, André L. Rossi, Mariana Verezhak, Lara Maldanis, Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sìncrotron (LNLS), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais = Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC-USP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens (IPANEMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institute of Earth Sciences [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires (PPSM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cienti­fico e Tecnologico, CNPq: 301263/2017–5, 424367/2016–5 Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 701647 Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP: 2015/21810–6, 2016/25681–9 European Commission, EC: 654028 Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Instituto Serrapilheira: Serra-1709–20205 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNSF: 200021L_169753 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cienti­fico e Tecnologico, CNPq 607297 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at cSAXS beamline of the Swiss Light Source (SLS), Joakim Reuteler (ScopeM) for the preparation of the samples using FIB, the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) for support in sample preparation and SEM analysis, and Sylvain Janiec (ISTO, Orléans) for preparing the thin sections. LM was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 and by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP grants 2015/21810–6 and 2016/25681–9), which included being hosted at the IPANEMA laboratory. DG acknowledges FAPESP (2016/06114–6), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 424367/2016–5 and 301263/2017–5). This work was supported by the Serrapilheira Institute (grant number Serra-1709–20205). KHL and FW acknowledge the support of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), the French Space Agency (CNES) and the MASE (Mars Analogues for Space Exploration) Project (EU-FP7 Grant no. 607297). IPANEMA and the SOLEIL synchrotron are supported by the Research Infrastructures activity IPERION CH of the Horizon2020 program of the European Commission (Grant Agreement No. 654028). LB acknowledges support from Région Île-de-France / DIM Matériaux anciens et patrimoniaux. MV is supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 701647, as well as SNSF grant No 200021L_169753. We also acknowledge the constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers., European Project: 654028,H2020 Pilier Excellent Science,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,IPERION CH(2015), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, and Integrated Platform for the European Research Infrastructure ON Cultural Heritage - IPERION CH - - H2020 Pilier Excellent Science2015-05-01 - 2019-04-30 - 654028 - VALID

Subjects
[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Taphonomy, Science, Geochemistry, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Precambrian, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, synchrotron, ptychography, Kerogen, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, fossil, Multidisciplinary, Proterozoic, Physics, Biota, Biogeochemistry, 15. Life on land, Hematite, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ESPECTROSCOPIA, Diagenesis, chemistry, visual_art, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], visual_art.visual_art_medium, Medicine, [SDU.STU.PG] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0210 nano-technology, paleontology, diagenesis, Geology
Abstract

Precambrian cellular remains frequently have simple morphologies, micrometric dimensions and are poorly preserved, imposing severe analytical and interpretational challenges, especially for irrefutable attestations of biogenicity. The 1.88 Ga Gunflint biota is a Precambrian microfossil assemblage with different types and qualities of preservation across its numerous geological localities and provides important insights into the Proterozoic biosphere and taphonomic processes. Here we use synchrotron-based ptychographic X-ray computed tomography to investigate well-preserved carbonaceous microfossils from the Schreiber Beach locality as well as poorly-preserved, iron-replaced fossil filaments from the Mink Mountain locality, Gunflint Formation. 3D nanoscale imaging with contrast based on electron density allowed us to assess the morphology and carbonaceous composition of different specimens and identify the minerals associated with their preservation based on retrieved mass densities. In the Mink Mountain filaments, the identification of mature kerogen and maghemite rather than the ubiquitously described hematite indicates an influence from biogenic organics on the local maturation of iron oxides through diagenesis. This non-destructive 3D approach to microfossil composition at the nanoscale within their geological context represents a powerful approach to assess the taphonomy and biogenicity of challenging or poorly preserved traces of early microbial life, and may be applied effectively to extraterrestrial samples returned from upcoming space missions.

Published
2020

8. Tuneable interplay between atomistic defects morphology and electrical properties of transparent p-type highly conductive off-stoichiometric Cu-Cr-O delafossite thin films

Author

Didier Arl, Jacques Botsoa, Mounib Bahri, Damien Lenoble, Pierre Desgardin, Marie-France Barthe, Petru Lunca-Popa, Jonathan Crêpellière, Ovidiu Ersen, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Tom Wirtz, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Barthe, Marie-France

Subjects
Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Analytical chemistry, lcsh:Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Article, Positron annihilation spectroscopy, Chromium, Nanoscience and technology, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Science, 010302 applied physics, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Physics, lcsh:R, Doping, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Copper, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Delafossite, chemistry, engineering, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Off-stoichiometric copper chromium delafossites demonstrate the highest values of electric conductivity among the p-type transparent conducting oxides. Morphological and structural changes in Cu0.66Cr1.33O2 upon annealing processes are investigated. Chained copper vacancies were previously suggested as source of the high levels of doping in this material. High resolution Helium Ion Microscopy, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy reveal a significant rearrangement of copper and chromium after the thermal treatments. Furthermore, Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy evidences the presence of vacancy defects within the delafossite layers which can be assigned to the Cu vacancy chains whose concentration decreases during the thermal process. These findings further confirm these chained vacancies as source of the p-type doping and suggest that the changes in electrical conductivities within the off-stoichiometric copper based delafossites are triggered by elemental rearrangements.

Published
2020

9. Clerodane furanoditerpenoids as the probable cause of toxic hepatitis induced by Tinospora crispa

Author

Sylvie Michel, Chouaha Bouzidi, Denis Boucaud-Maitre, Cyril Colas, Xavier Cachet, Ludivine Riffault-Valois, Jérôme Langrand, Annabelle Dugay, Equipe Pharmacognosie (UMR 8638), Chimie Organique, Médicinale et Extractive et Toxicologie Expérimentale (COMETE - UMR 8638), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre antipoison de Paris, Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de la recherche clinique et de l'innovation CHU Guadeloupe, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre antipoison et de toxicovigilance (Paris) (CAPTV Paris), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Toxic hepatitis, Male, Tinospora, Dioscorea bulbifera, Electrospray ionization, lcsh:Medicine, Context (language use), Article, Diterpenes, Clerodane, Teucrium, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Liver Function Tests, Borapetoside C, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, biology, Traditional medicine, Plant Stems, Chemistry, Plant Extracts, lcsh:R, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Phytochemical, Liver, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, lcsh:Q, medicine.symptom, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Tinospora crispa
Abstract

Tinospora crispa is a popular traditional herbal plant commonly used throughout the world for treatment of various diseases, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus. We report here a new case of toxic hepatitis in a 57-year old male patient in the French West Indies following the consumption of two aqueous extracts of fresh Tinospora crispa stems. It thus differs from two previously reported cases that concerned the chronic intake of powdered dry stems delivered in solid oral dosage forms (i.e. pellets and tablets). Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection-Mass Spectrometry (LC/DAD/MS) analyses were performed on an aqueous extract of the offending sample that mimics the swallowed preparation. They revealed the presence of species-specific molecular marker borapetoside C (1) and thus enabled an unambiguous phytochemical identification. The exploration of tandem MS/MS data obtained by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS) allowed the identification of 17 additional cis-clerodane-type furanoditerpenoid lactones, analogues of 1. These results support the hypothesis that the mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity of Tinospora crispa are the same as those encountered with furanoditerpenoids-containing plants such as Teucrium chamaedrys or Dioscorea bulbifera. In the context of type 2 diabetes treatment, we recommend that Tinospora crispa intake should be more closely monitored for signs of hepatotoxicity.

Published
2018

10. Luminescence reveals variations in local structural order of calcium carbonate polymorphs formed by different mechanisms

Author

Toffolo, Michael, Ricci, Giulia, Caneve, Luisa, Kaplan-Ashiri, Ifat, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Toffolo, M. B., Ricci, G., Caneve, L., and Kaplan-Ashiri, I.

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, lcsh:Medicine, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Article, Chemical engineering, Engineering, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Lasers, LEDs and light sources, lcsh:Science, Infrared spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Mass spectrometry, Physics, lcsh:R, Excited states, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Solid-state chemistry, Structural materials, Materials science, Applied physics, Chemistry, Physical chemistry, Optics and photonics, lcsh:Q, Materials chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Applied optics, Inorganic chemistry
Abstract

In nature, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of calcite and aragonite nucleates through different pathways including geogenic and biogenic processes. It may also occur as pyrogenic lime plaster and laboratory-precipitated crystals. All of these formation processes are conducive to different degrees of local structural order in CaCO3 crystals, with the pyrogenic and precipitated forms being the least ordered. These variations affect the manner in which crystals interact with electromagnetic radiation, and thus formation processes may be tracked using methods such as X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Here we show that defects in the crystal structure of CaCO3 may be detected by looking at the luminescence of crystals. Using cathodoluminescence by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-CL) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), it is possible to discern different polymorphs and their mechanism of formation. We were thus able to determine that pyrogenic calcite and aragonite exhibit blue luminescence due to the incorporation of distortions in the crystal lattice caused by heat and rapid precipitation, in agreement with infrared spectroscopy assessments of local structural order. These results provide the first detailed reference database of SEM-CL and LIF spectra of CaCO3 standards, and find application in the characterization of optical, archaeological and construction materials.

Published
2019

11. New protein-DNA complexes in archaea: a small monomeric protein induces a sharp V-turn DNA structure

Author

Karine Loth, Céline Landon, Agnès F. Delmas, Justine Largillière, Françoise Paquet, Bertrand Castaing, Franck Coste, Françoise Culard, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Loth, Karine, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LARGILLIERE, Justine, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Models, Molecular, Cell division, Protein Conformation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transcription (biology), lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genomic organization, Multidisciplinary, biology, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Monomer, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], DNA-Binding Proteins, DNA, Archaeal, Ribonucleoproteins, Methanosarcina, Protein Binding, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDV.BBM.BS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Base pair, Archaeal Proteins, 030106 microbiology, Biophysics, Dihedral angle, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, lcsh:R, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Nucleic Acid Conformation, lcsh:Q, Solution-state NMR
Abstract

MC1, a monomeric nucleoid-associated protein (NAP), is structurally unrelated to other DNA-binding proteins. The protein participates in the genome organization of several Euryarchaea species through an atypical compaction mechanism. It is also involved in DNA transcription and cellular division through unknown mechanisms. We determined the 3D solution structure of a new DNA-protein complex formed by MC1 and a strongly distorted 15 base pairs DNA. While the protein just needs to adapt its conformation slightly, the DNA undergoes a dramatic curvature (the first two bend angles of 55° and 70°, respectively) and an impressive torsional stress (dihedral angle of 106°) due to several kinks upon binding of MC1 to its concave side. Thus, it adopts a V-turn structure. For longer DNAs, MC1 stabilizes multiple V-turn conformations in a flexible and dynamic manner. The existence of such V-turn conformations of the MC1-DNA complexes leads us to propose two binding modes of the protein, as a bender (primary binding mode) and as a wrapper (secondary binding mode). Moreover, it opens up new opportunities for studying and understanding the repair, replication and transcription molecular machineries of Archaea.

Published
2019

12. Seismic imaging and petrology explain highly explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Indonesia

Author

Antoine Laurin, Ahmad Ali Fahmi, Saskia Erdmann, Phil R. Cummins, Caroline Martel, Andri Dian Nugraha, Sri Widiyantoro, Agus Budi-Santoso, Mohamad Ramdhan, Jean-Philippe Métaxian, Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, University of Indonesia, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, data were acquired using instruments belonging to the French national pool of portable seismic stations RESIF-SISMOB (CNRS-INSU)., ANR-12-BS06-0012,DOMERAPI,Dynamique d'un volcan d'arc à dômes de lave, le Merapi (Indonésie) : du réservoir magmatique aux processus éruptifs(2012), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)

Subjects
Moho Depth, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geophysical imaging, Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arrival time, Article, Mantle (geology), Petrology, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Magma Reservoir, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Explosive eruption, Magma Plumbing System, Merapi, Hazard potential, Merapi Volcano, Volcano, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Seismic tomography, Medicine, Geology
Abstract

Our seismic tomographic images characterize, for the first time, spatial and volumetric details of the subvertical magma plumbing system of Merapi Volcano. We present P- and S-wave arrival time data, which were collected in a dense seismic network, known as DOMERAPI, installed around the volcano for 18 months. The P- and S-wave arrival time data with similar path coverage reveal a high Vp/Vs structure extending from a depth of ≥20 km below mean sea level (MSL) up to the summit of the volcano. Combined with results of petrological studies, our seismic tomography data allow us to propose: (1) the existence of a shallow zone of intense fluid percolation, directly below the summit of the volcano; (2) a main, pre-eruptive magma reservoir at ≥ 10 to 20 km below MSL that is orders of magnitude larger than erupted magma volumes; (3) a deep magma reservoir at MOHO depth which supplies the main reservoir; and (4) an extensive, subvertical fluid-magma-transfer zone from the mantle to the surface. Such high-resolution spatial constraints on the volcano plumbing system as shown are an important advance in our ability to forecast and to mitigate the hazard potential of Merapi’s future eruptions.

Published
2018

13. Thermodynamic and crystallographic model for anion uptake by hydrated calcium aluminate (AFm): an example of molybdenum

Author

Clémence Fauchet, Francis Claret, Erik Elkaim, Sylvain Grangeon, Christophe Tournassat, Nicolas C.M. Marty, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), European Project: 662147,H2020,NFRP-2014-2015,Cebama(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Aluminate, lcsh:R, Inorganic chemistry, lcsh:Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, Sorption, Electron microprobe, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Molybdenum, Activation product, Phase (matter), lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Selectivity, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Amongst all cement phases, hydrated calcium aluminate (AFm) plays a major role in the retention of anionic species. Molybdenum (Mo), whose 93Mo isotope is considered a major steel activation product, will be released mainly under the form of MoO42− in a radioactive waste repository. Understanding its fate is of primary importance in a safety analysis of such disposal. This necessitates models that can both predict quantitatively the sorption of Mo by AFm and determine the nature of the sorption process (i.e., reversible adsorption or incorporation). This study investigated the Cl−/MoO42− exchange processes occurring in an AFm initially containing interlayer Cl in alkaline conditions using flow-through experiments. The evolution of the solid phase was characterized using an electron probe microanalyzer and synchrotron high-energy X-ray scattering. All data, together with their quantitative modeling, coherently indicated that Mo replaced Cl in the AFm interlayer. The structure of the interlayer is described with unprecedented atomic-scale detail based on a combination of real- and reciprocal-space analyses of total X-ray scattering data. In addition, modeling of several independent chemical experiments elucidated that Cl−/OH− exchange processes occur together with Cl−/MoO42− exchange. This competitive effect must be considered when determining the Cl−/MoO42− selectivity constant.

Published
2018

14. Diffusion weighted MRI as an early predictor of tumor response to hypofractionated stereotactic boost for prostate cancer

Author

Abderraouf Hadj Henni, Eric Lartigau, Olivier Colot, Nick Reynaert, Alexandre Escande, Emmanuelle Tresch, Nacim Betrouni, David Pasquier, Service de radiothérapie / curiethérapie, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université de Lille-UNICANCER-Université de Lille-UNICANCER, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Université de Lille-UNICANCER, LAGIS-SI, Laboratoire d'Automatique, Génie Informatique et Signal (LAGIS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ImaBiotech, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, Pasquier, David, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Tumor response, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Medicine, Humans, In patient, External beam radiotherapy, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Prostate-Specific Antigen, medicine.disease, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Prostate-specific antigen, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biomarker (medicine), lcsh:Q, Radiation Dose Hypofractionation, Intermediate risk, business, Nuclear medicine, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Diffusion MRI
Abstract

We evaluated the feasibility of using the kinetic of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and the normalized apparent coefficient diffusion (ADC) map value as an early biomarker in patients treated by external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Twelve patients were included within the frame of a multicenter phase II trial and treated for intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa). Multiparametric MRI was performed before treatment (M0) and every 6 months until M24. Association between nADC and PSA or PSA kinetic was evaluated using the test of nullity of the Spearman correlation coefficient. The median rates of PSA at the time of diagnosis, two years and four years after EBRT were 9.29 ng/ml (range from 5.26 to 17.67), 0.68 ng/ml (0.07–2.7), 0.47 ng/ml (0.09–1.39), respectively. Median nADC increased from 1.14 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.59 × 10−3 mm2/s between M0 and M24. Only one patient presented a decrease of nADC (1.35 × 10−3 mm2/s and 1.11 × 10−3 mm2/s at M0 and M12 respectively). The increase in nADC at M6 was correlated with PSA decrease at M18, M24 and M30 (p

Published
2018

15. Percolation channels: a universal idea to describe the atomic structure and dynamics of glasses and melts

Author

Dominique Massiot, Zhongfu Zhou, Daniel R. Neuville, Charles Le Losq, Pierre Florian, George Neville Greaves, Wenlin Chen, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Aberystwyth University, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Materials, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Wuhan University of Technology, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Materials science, lcsh:R, Oxide, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Alkali metal, 01 natural sciences, Electric charge, Silicate, Article, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular dynamics, chemistry, Chemical physics, Percolation, Cluster (physics), lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, 0210 nano-technology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Understanding the links between chemical composition, nano-structure and the dynamic properties of silicate melts and glasses is fundamental to both Earth and Materials Sciences. Central to this is whether the distribution of mobile metallic ions is random or not. In silicate systems, such as window glass, it is well-established that the short-range structure is not random but metal ions cluster, forming percolation channels through a partly broken network of corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra. In alumino-silicate glasses and melts, extensively used in industry and representing most of the Earth magmas, metal ions compensate the electrical charge deficit of AlO4− tetrahedra, but until now clustering has not been confirmed. Here we report how major changes in melt viscosity, together with glass Raman and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance measurements and Molecular Dynamics simulations, demonstrate that metal ions nano-segregate into percolation channels, making this a universal phenomenon of oxide glasses and melts. Furthermore, we can explain how, in both single and mixed alkali compositions, metal ion clustering and percolation radically affect melt mobility, central to understanding industrial and geological processes.

Published
2017

16. Stingray venom activates IL-33 producing cardiomyocytes, but not mast cell, to promote acute neutrophil-mediated injury

Author

Lidiane Zito Grund, Carla Lima, Carla Simone Seibert, Janaina Cardoso dos Santos, Elineide Eugênio Marques, Bernhard Ryffel, Anderson Brito Soares, Valérie F. J. Quesniaux, Mônica Lopes-Ferreira, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cell signaling, Neutrophils, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Immunology, Inflammation, Biology, Article, Poisons, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Peritoneal cavity, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Myocytes, Cardiac, Mast Cells, Skates, Fish, Receptor, Peritoneal Cavity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mice, Knockout, Multidisciplinary, Venoms, Poisoning, Interleukin-33, Mast cell, medicine.disease, Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein, Molecular biology, 6. Clean water, Neutrophilia, 3. Good health, Interleukin 33, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Medicine, Cytokines, medicine.symptom, Infiltration (medical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction
Abstract

One of the hallmarks of acute inflammation is neutrophil infiltration of tissues. We investigated molecular mechanisms implicated in acute neutrophilic inflammation induced by the venom of a freshwater stingray (Potamotrygon cf. henlei) in mice. Ray venom induced early mobilization of neutrophil in the microvasculature of cremaster mice and infiltration of the peritoneal cavity 2 hours after injury, in a dose-response manner. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and KC were produced. The neutrophilic infiltration did not occur in mice with ST2 receptor and MyD88 adapters neutralized, or in those with PI3K and p38 MAPK signaling blocked. Drastic reduction of neutrophil infiltration to peritoneal cavities was observed in ST2−/−, TLR2/TLR4−/−, MyD88−/−, TRIF−/− and IL-17A−/− mice, and a partial reduction was observed in IL-18R−/− mice. Mast cell Kit W(sh)/W(sh)-, AHR-, NLRP3-, ICE-, IL-1β-, P2RX7-, CD39-, IL-17RA-, and TBX21 KO mice retain the ability to induce neutrophilia in peritoneal cavity after ray venom injection. IL-6 and TNF-α alone were insufficient for promote neutrophilia in the absence of ST2 signaling. Finally, abundant production of IL-33 by cardiomyocytes was observed. These results refine our understanding of the importance of the IL-33/ST2 axis and IL-33-producing cardiomyocytes in the early acute neutrophilia induced by freshwater stingray venoms.

Published
2017

17. Inter-individual variability and modeling of electrical activity: a possible new approach to explore cardiac safety?

Author

Jérôme Thireau, Pascal Champeroux, Aude Ouillé, Sylvain Richard, Julien Roussel, Jean-Yves Le Guennec, Eric Martel, Serge Richard, Jérôme Roy, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Images, Robotique, Automatique et Signal [Orléans] (IRAUS), Laboratoire pluridisciplinaire de recherche en ingénierie des systèmes, mécanique et énergétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre de Recherches Biologiques, CERB, Chemin de Montifault, 18800 Baugy, France., Réseaux Innovation Territoires et Mondialisation (RITM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre Etudes Recherches en Biologie (CERB), CERB, and MORNET, Dominique

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Computational model, Multidisciplinary, Safety pharmacology, In silico, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Simulation modeling, hERG, Médecine humaine et pathologie, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biology, Article, 3. Good health, Calcium conductance, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Modelling methods, biology.protein, Action potential duration, Human health and pathology, Neuroscience
Abstract

Safety pharmacology aims to predict rare side effects of new drugs. We explored whether rare pro-arrhythmic effects could be linked to the variability of the effects of these drugs on ion currents and whether taking into consideration this variability in computational models could help to better detect and predict cardiac side effects. For this purpose, we evaluated how intra- and inter-individual variability influences the effect of hERG inhibition on both the action potential duration and the occurrence of arrhythmias. Using two computer simulation models of human action potentials (endocardial and Purkinje cells), we analyzed the contribution of two biological parameters on the pro-arrhythmic effects of several hERG channel blockers: (i) spermine concentration, which varies with metabolic status, and (ii) L-type calcium conductance, which varies due to single nucleotide polymorphisms or mutations. By varying these parameters, we were able to induce arrhythmias in 1 out of 16 simulations although conventional modeling methods to detect pro-arrhythmic molecules failed. On the basis of our results, taking into consideration only 2 parameters subjected to intra- and inter-individual variability, we propose that in silico computer modeling may help to better define the risks of new drug candidates at early stages of pre-clinical development.

Published
2016

18. A synthetic kisspeptin analog that triggers ovulation and advances puberty

Author

Vincent Aucagne, Alain Caraty, Xinhuai Liu, Jean-Baptiste Madinier, Caroline Decourt, Vincent Robert, Didier Lomet, Karine Anger, Mathieu Galibert, Hugues Dardente, Greg M. Anderson, Allan E. Herbison, Massimiliano Beltramo, Agnès F. Delmas, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Region Centre Val de Loire council, French Agence National de la Recherche ANR-15-CE20-0015-01, New Zealand Health Research Council, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE20-0015,Kiss,Developpement d'analogues de la kisspeptine pour le contrôle de la reproduction(2015), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Frapart, Isabelle, Developpement d'analogues de la kisspeptine pour le contrôle de la reproduction - - Kiss2015 - ANR-15-CE20-0015 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Reprokiss, Capriss, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, puberty, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Breeding, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Kisspeptin, Genes, Reporter, Sexual maturity, Protein Isoforms, Sexual Maturation, Receptor, media_common, Mice, Knockout, Kisspeptins, Multidisciplinary, Reproduction, mammifère, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], puberte, Female, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Autre (Sciences du Vivant), Half-Life, Ovulation, medicine.medical_specialty, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted, media_common.quotation_subject, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Neuropeptide, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, mammals, neuropeptide, Sheep, Progestogen, kisspeptine, [SCCO] Cognitive science, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Animals, Newborn, Peptidomimetics, Hormone, Receptors, Kisspeptin-1
Abstract

The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor, KiSS1R, govern the reproductive timeline of mammals by triggering puberty onset and promoting ovulation by stimulating gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. To overcome the drawback of kisspeptin short half-life we designed kisspeptin analogs combining original modifications, triazole peptidomimetic and albumin binding motif, to reduce proteolytic degradation and to slow down renal clearance, respectively. These analogs showed improved in vitro potency and dramatically enhanced pharmacodynamics. When injected intramuscularly into ewes (15 nmol/ewe) primed with a progestogen, the best analog (compound 6, C6) induced synchronized ovulations in both breeding and non-breeding seasons. Ovulations were fertile as demonstrated by the delivery of lambs at term. C6 was also fully active in both female and male mice but was completely inactive in KiSS1R KO mice. Electrophysiological recordings of GnRH neurons from brain slices of GnRH-GFP mice indicated that C6 exerted a direct excitatory action on GnRH neurons. Finally, in prepubertal female mice daily injections (0.3 nmol/mouse) for five days significantly advanced puberty. C6 ability to trigger ovulation and advance puberty demonstrates that kisspeptin analogs may find application in the management of livestock reproduction and opens new possibilities for the treatment of reproductive disorders in humans.

Published
2016

19. An unexpected role for mixotrophs in the response of peatland carbon cycling to climate warming

Author

Bertrand Fournier, Luca Bragazza, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Alexandre Buttler, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Frédéric Delarue, Constant Signarbieux, Richard J. Payne, Daniel Gilbert, Edward A. D. Mitchell, Fatima Laggoun-Défarge, Enrique Lara, Vincent E. J. Jassey, Robert T. E. Mills, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ( ENAC ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), University of Ferrara [Ferrara], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 ( ISTO ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de biodiversité du sol [Neuchâtel], Université de Neuchâtel, WSL Lausanne, WSL, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Jardin Botanique de Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology - Laboratory of Soil Biology, Manchester Metropolitan University ( MMU ), Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant NN305077936),through the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union (Climpeat project, PSPB-013/2010).Russian Scientific Fund (Grant 14-14-00891)., ANR-07-VULN-0010,PEATWARM,Impact du réchauffement climatique sur la focntion de puits de carbone de l'ecosysteme tourbières à sphaignes. ( 2007 ), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), ANR-07-VULN-0010,PEATWARM,Impact du réchauffement climatique sur la focntion de puits de carbone de l'ecosysteme tourbières à sphaignes.(2007), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, 01 natural sciences, Sphagnum, Article, Decomposer, Carbon Cycle, Carbon cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, Sphagnopsida, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecosystem, Biomass, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, Phototroph, biology, Ecology, Fungi, Ambientale, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Energy Metabolism, Microcosm, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; Mixotrophic protists are increasingly recognized for their significant contribution to carbon (C) cycling. As phototrophs they contribute to photosynthetic C fixation, whilst as predators of decomposers, they indirectly influence organic matter decomposition. Despite these direct and indirect effects on the C cycle, little is known about the responses of peatland mixotrophs to climate change and the potential consequences for the peatland C cycle. With a combination of field and microcosm experiments, we show that mixotrophs in the Sphagnum bryosphere play an important role in modulating peatland C cycle responses to experimental warming. We found that five years of consecutive summer warming with peaks of �2 to +8°C led to a 50% reduction in the biomass of the dominant mixotrophs, the mixotrophic testate amoebae (MTA). The biomass of other microbial groups (including decomposers) did not change, suggesting MTA to be particularly sensitive to temperature. In a microcosm experiment under controlled conditions, we then manipulated the abundance of MTA, and showed that the reported 50% reduction of MTA biomass in the field was linked to a significant reduction of net C uptake (-13%) of the entire Sphagnum bryosphere. Our findings suggest that reduced abundance of MTA with climate warming could lead to reduced peatland C fixation. The vast majority of the Earth's organisms meet their requirements for carbon (C) and energy either by utilising light to assimilate CO 2 through photosynthesis (autotrophy), or by the uptake of organic C compounds (heterotrophy). However, some organisms have the potential to combine auto-and heterotrophic C uptake, a strategy termed 'mixotrophy'

Published
2015

20. Right ventricular myocardial oxygen tension is reduced in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat and restored by myo-inositol trispyrophosphate

Author

Michał Mączewski, Klaudia Brodaczewska, Zuzanna Zambrowska, Marta Oknińska, Urszula Mackiewicz, Karolina Zajda, Cezary Szczylik, Adam Torbicki, Aleksandra Paterek, Claudine Kieda, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Male, Ventricular Dysfunction, Right, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Muscle hypertrophy, Hemoglobins, 0302 clinical medicine, Hypoxia, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Monocrotaline, Oxygen tension, Treatment Outcome, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, Medicine, medicine.symptom, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiotonic Agents, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Inositol Phosphates, Science, Diastole, Article, Contractility, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, 030304 developmental biology, Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular, business.industry, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Myocardial Contraction, Cardiovascular biology, Rats, Circulation, Disease Models, Animal, Blood pressure, Pulmonary artery, Ventricular Function, Right, business
Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) initially results in compensatory right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, but eventually in RV failure. This transition is poorly understood, but may be triggered by hypoxia. Measurements of RV oxygen tension (pO2) in PH are lacking. We hypothesized that RV hypoxia occurs in monocrotaline-induced PH in rats and that myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), facilitating oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin, can relieve it. Rats received monocrotaline (PH) or saline (control) and 24 days later echocardiograms, pressure–volume loops were obtained and myocardial pO2 was measured using a fluorescent probe. In PH mean pulmonary artery pressure more than doubled (35 ± 5 vs. 15 ± 2 in control), RV was hypertrophied, though its contractility was augmented. RV and LV pO2 was 32 ± 5 and 15 ± 8 mmHg, respectively, in control rats. In PH RV pO2 was reduced to 18 ± 9 mmHg, while LV pO2 was unchanged. RV pO2 correlated with RV diastolic wall stress (negatively) and LV systolic pressure (positively). Acute ITPP administration did not affect RV or LV pO2 in control animals, but increased RV pO2 to 26 ± 5 mmHg without affecting LV pO2 in PH. RV oxygen balance is impaired in PH and as such can be an important target for PH therapy. ITPP may be one of such potential therapies.

Published
2021

21. A DNA barcode-based survey of wild urban bees in the Loire Valley, France

Author

David Genoud, Romain Ledet, Maxime Cornillon, Christophe Bouget, Béatrice Courtial, Sébastien J. M. Moreau, Irene Villalta, Mathilde Baude, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CETU Innophyt, Université de Tours, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), This work is part of the POLLEN project (2016-00108486) funded by the Region Centre Val de Loire, Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, DNA BARCODING, Pollination, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, ADN, Morphology (biology), Insect, Biology, Barcode, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, law, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Cities, Ecosystem, media_common, Gene Library, Multidisciplinary, Morphological differentiation, Conservation biology, Endangered Species, abeille sauvage, Ecological genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Bees, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Dna barcodes, Evolutionary biology, identification, Medicine, Identification (biology), France
Abstract

The current decline of wild bees puts important ecosystem services such as pollination at risk. Both inventory and monitoring programs are needed to understand the causes of wild bee decline. Effective insect monitoring relies on both mass-trapping methods coupled with rapid and accurate identifications. Identifying wild bees using only morphology can be challenging, in particular, specimens from mass-trapped samples which are often in poor condition. We generated DNA barcodes for 2931 specimens representing 157 species (156 named and one unnamed species) and 28 genera. Automated cluster delineation reveals 172 BINs (Barcodes Index Numbers). A total of 36 species (22.93%) were found in highly urbanized areas. The majority of specimens, representing 96.17% of the species barcoded form reciprocally exclusive groups, allowing their unambiguous identification. This includes several closely related species notoriously difficult to identify. A total of 137 species (87.26%) show a “one-to-one” match between a named species and the BIN assignment. Fourteen species (8.92%) show deep conspecific lineages with no apparent morphological differentiation. Only two species pairs shared the same BIN making their identification with DNA barcodes alone uncertain. Therefore, our DNA barcoding reference library allows reliable identification by non-experts for the vast majority of wild bee species in the Loire Valley.

Published
2021

22. Low-resolution description of the conformational space for intrinsically disordered proteins

Author

Förster, Daniel, Liberti, Leo, Mucherino, Antonio, Lin, Jung-Hsin, Malliavin, Thérèse, Idier, Jérôme, Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures ( ICMN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Optimization at LIX (OptimiX), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Academia Sinica [Taipei, Taiwan] (AS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), and ANR-19-CE45-0019,multiBioStruct,Approches geometriques multi-résolution et multi-échelle pour la determination de structures bio-moleculaires(2019)

Subjects
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], X-Ray Diffraction, Protein Conformation, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Scattering, Small Angle
Abstract

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) are at the center of numerous biological processes, and attract consequently extreme interest in structural biology. Numerous approaches have been developed for generating sets of IDP conformations verifying a given set of experimental measurements. We propose here to perform a systematic enumeration of protein conformations, carried out using the TAiBP approach based on distance geometry. This enumeration was performed on two proteins, Sic1 and pSic1, corresponding to unphosphorylated and phosphorylated states of an IDP. The relative populations of the obtained conformations were then obtained by fitting SAXS curves as well as Ramachandran probability maps, the original finite mixture approach RamaMix being developed for this second task. The similarity between profiles of local gyration radii provides to a certain extent a converged view of the Sic1 and pSic1 conformational space. Profiles and populations are thus proposed for describing IDP conformations. Different variations of the resulting gyration radius between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated states are observed, depending on the set of enumerated conformations as well as on the methods used for obtaining the populations.

Published
2022

23. Intense bone fluorescence reveals hidden patterns in pumpkin toadlets

Author

Goutte, Sandra, Mason, Matthew J., Antoniazzi, Marta M., Jared, Carlos, Merle, Didier, Cazes, Lilian, Toledo, Luís Felipe, el-Hafci, Hanane, Pallu, Stéphane, Portier, Hugues, Schramm, Stefan, Gueriau, Pierre, Thoury, Mathieu, Toledo, Luís Felipe [0000-0002-4929-9598], Schramm, Stefan [0000-0002-6109-0893], Gueriau, Pierre [0000-0002-7529-3456], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-articulaires, Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA (UMR_7052)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens (IPANEMA), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)

Subjects
Herpetology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Animal behaviour, Evolutionary ecology, Article, Fluorescence, Species Specificity, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, lcsh:Q, Anura, lcsh:Science
Abstract

International audience; The phenomenon of fluorescence can be used by animals to change effective colouration or patterning, potentially to serve functions including intra- and interspecific signalling. Initially believed to be restricted to marine animals, fluorescent colours are now being described in an increasing number of terrestrial species. Here, we describe unique, highly fluorescent patterns in two species of pumpkin toadlets (Brachycephalus ephippium and B. pitanga). We establish that the origin of the fluorescence lies in the dermal bone of the head and back, visible through a particularly thin skin. By comparing them to those of the closely related species Ischnocnema parva, we demonstrate that pumpkin toadlets’ bones are exceptionally fluorescent. We characterize the luminescence properties of the toadlets’ bones and discuss the potential function of fluorescent patterns in natural lighting conditions.

Published
2019

24. Mechanism understanding in cryo atomic layer etching of SiO2 based upon C4F8 physisorption

Author

P. Lefaucheux, T. Tillocher, Remi Dussart, J. Faguet, G. Antoun, K. Maekawa, Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tokyo Electron Limited

Subjects
atomic layer etching, Materials science, Science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, macromolecular substances, 02 engineering and technology, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Article, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Plasma, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Physisorption, Nanoscience and technology, Etching (microfabrication), 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Author Correction, 010302 applied physics, Multidisciplinary, Argon, cryogenic etching, Physics, [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, microelectronics, Quadrupole, Medicine, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

Cryogenic Atomic Layer Etching (cryo-ALE) of SiO2 based on alternating a C4F8 molecule physisorption step and an argon plasma step, has been enhanced thanks to a better understanding of the mechanism. First, we used Quadrupole Mass spectrometry (QMS) and spectroscopic ellipsometry analyses to evaluate the residence time of physisorbed C4F8 molecules versus temperature and pressure on SiO2 surface. QMS monitoring of the SiF4 etching by-product also enabled to follow the self-limiting etching behavior. Finally, a SiO2 cryo-ALE process was proposed at a temperature of − 90 °C resulting in a very linear etch over 150 cycles and an Etch amount Per Cycle as low as 0.13 nm/cycle.

Published
2021

25. Author Correction: Early endosome autoantigen 1 regulates IL-1β release upon caspase-1 activation independently of gasdermin D membrane permeabilization

Author

Rabolli, Virginie, Badissi, Anissa, Devosse, Raynal, Uwambayinema, Francine, Yakoub, Yousof, Palmai-Pallag, Mihaly, Lebrun, Astrid, De Gussem, Valentin, Ryffel, Bernhard, Marbaix, Etienne, Lison, Dominique, Ois Huaux, Fran, Baroja-Mazo, Alberto, Compan, Vincent, Martín-Sánchez, Fátima, Tapia-Abellán, Ana, Couillin, Isabelle, Pelegrin, Pablo, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Immunologie et Embryologie Moléculaires (IEM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Murcia, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and UMR7355 Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires

Subjects
Neutrophils, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Caspase 1, Inflammation, HMGB1, IL-1 family, Inflammasome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine, Alarmins, Macrophage, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Lung, biology, Chemistry, Silica, respiratory system, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Cytokine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Knockout mouse, biology.protein, Nanoparticles, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Background: Inflammasome-activated IL-1β plays a major role in lung neutrophilic inflammation induced by inhaled silica. However, the exact mechanisms that contribute to the initial production of precursor IL-1β (pro-IL-1β) are still unclear. Here, we assessed the implication of alarmins (IL-1α, IL-33 and HMGB1) in the lung response to silica particles and found that IL-1α is a master cytokine that regulates IL-1β expression. Methods: Pro-and mature IL-1β as well as alarmins were assessed by ELISA, Western Blot or qRT-PCR in macrophage cultures and in mouse lung following nano-and micrometric silica exposure. Implication of these immune mediators in the establishment of lung inflammatory responses to silica was investigated in knockout mice or after antibody blockade by evaluating pulmonary neutrophil counts, CXCR2 expression and degree of histological injury. Results: We found that the early release of IL-1α and IL-33, but not HMGB1 in alveolar space preceded the lung expression of pro-IL-1β and neutrophilic inflammation in silica-treated mice. In vitro, the production of pro-IL-1β by alveolar macrophages was significantly induced by recombinant IL-1α but not by IL-33. Neutralization or deletion of IL-1α reduced IL-1β production and neutrophil accumulation after silica in mice. Finally, IL-1α released by J774 macrophages after in vitro exposure to a range of micro-and nanoparticles of silica was correlated with the degree of lung inflammation induced in vivo by these particles. Conclusions: We demonstrated that in response to silica exposure, IL-1α is rapidly released from pre-existing stocks in alveolar macrophages and promotes subsequent lung inflammation through the stimulation of IL-1β production. Moreover, we demonstrated that in vitro IL-1α release from macrophages can be used to predict the acute inflammogenic activity of silica micro-and nanoparticles.

Published
2020

26. CX3CL1 homo-oligomerization drives cell-to-cell adherence

Author

Jean-Jacques Lacapère, Patricia Hermand, Claude Hattab, Elodie Desuzinges-Mandon, Christophe Combadière, Frederic Pincet, Julie Guellec, Audrey Coens, Anass Jawhari, Soria Iatmanen-Harbi, Patrick F.J. Fuchs, Mariano A. Ostuni, Noëlline Guillou, Philippe Deterre, Emeline Saindoy, Olivier Lequin, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunologie et Embryologie Moléculaires (IEM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des Structures et Interactions des Macromolécules Biologiques (DSIMB), Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge (BIGR (UMR_S_1134 / U1134)), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CALIXAR, Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Spectroscopies et Structures Biomoléculaires (LSSBM) (EA3305), Centre de recherche biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon (CRB3), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Yale University School of Medicine, EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), and Deterre, Philippe

Subjects
Molecular model, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, lcsh:Medicine, Peptide, CHO Cells, Article, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cricetulus, Single-molecule biophysics, Chlorocebus aethiops, Animals, Humans, Cell adhesion, lcsh:Science, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, COS cells, Chemistry, Cell adhesion molecule, Chemokine CX3CL1, lcsh:R, Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, Membrane Proteins, Membrane structure and assembly, Single-molecule experiment, Transmembrane protein, 3. Good health, HEK293 Cells, COS Cells, Biophysics, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, lcsh:Q, Biological fluorescence, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; During inflammatory response, blood leukocytes adhere to the endothelium. This process involves numerous adhesion molecules, including a transmembrane chemokine, CX3CL1, which behaves as a molecular cluster. How this cluster assembles and whether this association has a functional role remain unknown. The analysis of CX3CL1 clusters using native electrophoresis and single molecule fluorescence kinetics shows that CX3CL1 is a homo-oligomer of 3 to 7 monomers. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assays reveal that the CX3CL1-transmembrane domain peptide self-associates in both cellular and acellular lipid environments, while its random counterpart (i.e. peptide with the same residues in a different order) does not. This strongly indicates that CX3CL1 oligomerization is driven by its intrinsic properties. According to the molecular modeling, CX3CL1 does not associate in compact bundles but rather with monomers linearly assembled side by side. Finally, the CX3CL1 transmembrane peptide inhibits both the CX3CL1 oligomerization and the adhesive function, while its random counterpart does not. This demonstrates that CX3CL1 oligomerization is mandatory for its adhesive potency. Our results provide a new direction to control CX3CL1-dependent cellular adherence in key immune processes. The migration of blood leukocytes to damaged tissues is the first step of the inflammation process and involves a sequence of coordinated interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells 1-3. The chemotactic cytokines called chemokines that primarily attract leukocytes, are central to the physiological and pathological inflamma-tory processes 4-6. Chemokines trigger leukocyte activation and their firm adhesion to the inflamed endothelium, mainly through integrins 7-9. Two members of the chemokine family are exceptions: CXCL16 and CX3CL1. In addition to their chemokine domain (CD), these two chemokines possess three domains: a mucin-like stalk, a transmembrane (TM) domain, and a cytosolic tail 10,11. When interacting with their cognate receptors (CXCR6 and CX3CR1, respectively), these chemokines induce cell-cell adhesion 12. CXCL16 and CX3CL1 can also be cleaved by metalloproteinases, such as ADAM10 and ADAM17 13-15 , to produce a soluble form with chemotactic functions. The CX3CL1 chemokine, with its unique CX3CR1 receptor 16 , is involved in adherence to the endothelium of the inflammatory monocyte population (CD14 hi CD16-CX3CR1 + CCR2 + in humans, Ly6C hi CX3CR1 + CCR2 + in mice) 12,17-20 likely through interaction with platelets 21,22. This chemokine is also involved in the recruitment of NK lymphocytes 23,24 and in lymphocyte survival as in allergic diseases 25 , as well as in monocytic 26,27 and neuronal survival 28-31. An additional function of the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 pair is the regulation of the patrolling behavior and the margination of monocytes in blood vessels 32,33 or their adherence to the bone marrow 34. The CX3CL1 chemokine is also involved in cytoadhesion of red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium

Published
2020

27. Mesoscale computational protocols for the design of highly cooperative bivalent macromolecules

Author

Francesco Piazza, Suman Saurabh, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Computer science, Biophysics, Mesoscale meteorology, lcsh:Medicine, FOS: Physical sciences, Cooperativity, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rare events, Computational design, Molecule, Avidity, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Physics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Molecular medicine, Drug discovery, lcsh:R, Biomolecules (q-bio.BM), Statistical mechanics, Receptor–ligand kinetics, Computational biology and bioinformatics, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules, Chemical physics, FOS: Biological sciences, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), lcsh:Q, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Biological system, Macromolecule
Abstract

The last decade has witnessed a swiftly increasing interest in the design and production of novel multivalent molecules as powerful alternatives for conventional antibodies in the fight against cancer and infectious diseases. However, while it is widely accepted that large-scale flexibility ($10-100$ nm) and free/constrained dynamics (100 ns $- \mu$s) control the activity of such novel molecules, computational strategies at the mesoscale still lag behind experiments in optimizing the design of crucial features, such as the binding cooperativity (a.k.a. avidity). In this study, we introduced different coarse-grained models of a polymer-linked, two-nanobody composite molecule, with the aim of laying down the physical bases of a thorough computational drug design protocol at the mesoscale. We show that the calculation of suitable potentials of mean force allows one to apprehend the nature, range and strength of the thermodynamic forces that govern the motion of free and wall-tethered molecules. Furthermore, we develop a simple computational strategy to quantify the encounter/dissociation dynamics between the free end of a wall-tethered molecule and the surface, at the roots of binding cooperativity. This procedure allows one to pinpoint the role of internal flexibility and weak non-specific interactions on the kinetic constants of the NB-wall encounter and dissociation. Finally, we quantify the role and weight of rare events, which are expected to play a major role in real-life situations, such as in the immune synapse, where the binding kinetics is likely dominated by fluctuations., Comment: Paper + supplementary Information

Published
2020

28. Functional and morphological differences of the lung upon acute and chronic ozone exposure in mice

Author

Yvon Julé, Louis Fauconnier, Bernhard Ryffel, Chloé Michaudel, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Artimmune SAS

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Respiratory Mucosa, Lung injury, Article, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Ozone, Fibrosis, Respiratory Hypersensitivity, Toxicity Tests, Acute, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Respiratory system, Toxicity Tests, Chronic, lcsh:Science, Lung, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Small Airway Remodeling, Air Pollutants, COPD, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Lung Injury, Pneumonia, respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 13. Climate action, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Airway Remodeling, Respiratory epithelium, Female, Methacholine, lcsh:Q, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Environmental air pollutants including ozone cause severe lung injury and aggravate respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Here we compared the effect of ozone on respiratory epithelium injury, inflammation, hyperreactivity and airway remodeling in mice upon acute (1ppm, 1 h) and chronic exposure (1.5ppm, 2 h, twice weekly for 6 weeks). Acute ozone exposure caused respiratory epithelial disruption with protein leak and neutrophil recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, leading to lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine. All these parameters were increased upon chronic ozone exposure, including collagen deposition. The structure of the airways as assessed by automatic numerical image analysis showed significant differences: While acute ozone exposure increased bronchial and lumen circularity but decreased epithelial thickness and area, chronic ozone exposure revealed epithelial injury with reduced height, distended bronchioles, enlarged alveolar space and increased collagen deposition, indicative of peribronchiolar fibrosis and emphysema as characterized by a significant increase in the density and diameter of airspaces with decreased airspace numbers. In conclusion, morphometric numerical analysis enables an automatic and unbiased assessment of small airway remodeling. The structural changes of the small airways correlated with functional changes allowing to follow the progression from acute to chronic ozone induced respiratory pathology.

Published
2018

29. The inducible chemical-genetic fluorescent marker FAST outperforms classical fluorescent proteins in the quantitative reporting of bacterial biofilm dynamics

Author

Monmeyran, Amaury, Thomen, Philippe, Jonquière, Hugo, Sureau, Franck, Li, Chenge, Plamont, Marie-Aude, Douarche, Carine, Casella, Jean-François, Gautier, Arnaud, Henry, Nelly, Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Val de Loire Recherche en Management (VALLOREM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Green Fluorescent Proteins, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Article, Luminescent Proteins, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Genes, Reporter, Biofilms, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Escherichia coli, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; To increase our understanding of bacterial biofilm complexity, real-time quantitative analyses of the living community functions are required. To reach this goal, accurate fluorescent reporters are needed. In this paper, we used the classical fluorescent genetic reporters of the GFP family and demonstrated their limits in the context of a living biofilm. We showed that fluorescence signal saturated after only a few hours of growth and related this saturation to the reduction of oxygen concentration induced by bacterial consumption. This behaviour prevents the use of GFP-like fluorescent proteins for quantitative measurement in living biofilms. To overcome this limitation, we propose the use of a recently introduced small protein tag, FAST, which is fluorescent in the presence of an exogenously applied fluorogenic dye, enabling to avoid the oxygen sensitivity issue. We compared the ability of FAST to report on biofilm growth with that of GFP and mCherry, and demonstrated the superiority of the FAST:fluorogen probes for investigating dynamics in the complex environment of a living biofilm.

Published
2018

30. Deciphering the functional role of spatial and temporal muscle synergies in whole-body movements

Author

Stefano Panzeri, Bastien Berret, Thierry Pozzo, Ioannis Delis, Pauline M. Hilt, Columbia University [New York], School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centro di Neurofisiologia traslazionale, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Università di Ferrara, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Neural Computation Laboratory, Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives (CIAMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Functional role, Adult, Male, spinal-cord, Computer science, Movement, equilibrium-point hypothesis, lcsh:Medicine, emg patterns, arm movements, Temporal muscle, Article, interindividual variability, primitives, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, medicine, motor control, Humans, Muscle activity, Muscle, Skeletal, activation patterns, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Electromyography, lcsh:R, Motor control, Pattern recognition, Spinal cord, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], lcsh:Q, Artificial intelligence, Whole body, business, sensorimotor control, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, information measures
Abstract

Voluntary movement is hypothesized to rely on a limited number of muscle synergies, the recruitment of which translates task goals into effective muscle activity. In this study, we investigated how to analytically characterize the functional role of different types of muscle synergies in task performance. To this end, we recorded a comprehensive dataset of muscle activity during a variety of whole-body pointing movements. We decomposed the electromyographic (EMG) signals using a space-by-time modularity model which encompasses the main types of synergies. We then used a task decoding and information theoretic analysis to probe the role of each synergy by mapping it to specific task features. We found that the temporal and spatial aspects of the movements were encoded by different temporal and spatial muscle synergies, respectively, consistent with the intuition that there should a correspondence between major attributes of movement and major features of synergies. This approach led to the development of a novel computational method for comparing muscle synergies from different participants according to their functional role. This functional similarity analysis yielded a small set of temporal and spatial synergies that describes the main features of whole-body reaching movements.

Published
2018

31. Damage-free plasma etching of porous organo-silicate low-k using micro-capillary condensation above −50 °C

Author

Remi Dussart, R. Chanson, Philippe Lefaucheux, J.-F. de Marneffe, Yu. A. Mankelevich, S. Naumov, S. De Gendt, Liping Zhang, Thomas Tillocher, IMEC (IMEC), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Lab-STICC_UBO_MOM_DIM, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, Oxide, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Dissociation (chemistry), Article, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Porosity, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Multidisciplinary, Plasma etching, [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, lcsh:R, Partial pressure, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Boiling point, chemistry, Reagent, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, Mesoporous material
Abstract

The micro-capillary condensation of a new high boiling point organic reagent (HBPO), is studied in a periodic mesoporous oxide (PMO) with ∼34 % porosity and k-value ∼2.3. At a partial pressure of 3 mT, the onset of micro-capillary condensation occurs around +20 °C and the low-k matrix is filled at −20 °C. The condensed phase shows high stability from −50 < T ≤−35 °C, and persists in the pores when the low-k is exposed to a SF6-based plasma discharge. The etching properties of a SF6-based 150W-biased plasma discharge, using as additive this new HBPO gas, shows that negligible damage can be achieved at −50 °C, with acceptable etch rates. The evolution of the damage depth as a function of time was studied without bias and indicates that Si-CH3 loss occurs principally through Si-C dissociation by VUV photons.

Published
2018

32. Controlled Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice under treatment with anti-IL-17A or IL-17F antibodies, in contrast to TNFα neutralization

Author

Salah-Dine Chibout, Bernhard Ryffel, François Erard, Dominique Brees, Franco Di Padova, Marie-Laure Bourigault, Stéphanie Rose, Elaine Tritto, Pierre Moulin, Daniel P. Stiehl, Noria Segueni, Muazzam Jacobs, Valérie F. J. Quesniaux, Michael Kammüller, Marc Le Bert, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Tuberculosis, Biology, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Antibodies, Article, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunity, medicine, Animals, Multidisciplinary, Receptors, Interleukin-17, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukins, Macrophages, Interleukin-17, Interleukin, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Neutralizing, 3. Good health, Blockade, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, biology.protein, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 17, Antibody, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Antibodies targeting IL-17A or its receptor IL-17RA show unprecedented efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. These therapies, by neutralizing critical mediators of immunity, may increase susceptibility to infections. Here, we compared the effect of antibodies neutralizing IL-17A, IL-17F or TNFα on murine host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by evaluating lung transcriptomic, microbiological and histological analyses. Coinciding with a significant increase of mycobacterial burden and pathological changes following TNFα blockade, gene array analyses of infected lungs revealed major changes of inflammatory and immune gene expression signatures 4 weeks post-infection. Specifically, gene expression associated with host-pathogen interactions, macrophage recruitment, activation and polarization, host-antimycobacterial activities, immunomodulatory responses, as well as extracellular matrix metallopeptidases, were markedly modulated by TNFα blockade. IL-17A or IL-17F neutralization elicited only mild changes of few genes without impaired host resistance four weeks after M. tuberculosis infection. Further, the absence of both IL-17RA and IL-22 pathways in genetically deficient mice did not profoundly compromise host control of M. tuberculosis over a 6-months period, ruling out potential compensation between these two pathways, while TNFα-deficient mice succumbed rapidly. These data provide experimental confirmation of the low clinical risk of mycobacterial infection under anti-IL-17A therapy, in contrast to anti-TNFα treatment.

Published
2016

33. Discovery and characterisation of a novel toxin from Dendroaspis angusticeps, named Tx7335, that activates the potassium channel KcsA

Author

Martine Cadene, Ivan O. Rivera-Torres, Brian T. Chait, Sébastien F. Poget, Tony B. Jin, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Potassium Channels, Charybdotoxin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], KcsA potassium channel, Peptide, Venom, Reptilian Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, Mass Spectrometry, Protein Structure, Secondary, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Allosteric Regulation, medicine, Animals, Disulfides, Elapidae, Amino Acids, Binding site, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Probability, Toxins, Biological, Elapid Venoms, chemistry.chemical_classification, Binding Sites, Multidisciplinary, Edman degradation, Toxin, Membranes, Artificial, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Potassium channel, Electrophysiology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Mutation, Peptides, Protein Binding, Snake Venoms
Abstract

Due to their central role in essential physiological processes, potassium channels are common targets for animal toxins. These toxins in turn are of great value as tools for studying channel function and as lead compounds for drug development. Here, we used a direct toxin pull-down assay with immobilised KcsA potassium channel to isolate a novel KcsA-binding toxin (called Tx7335) from eastern green mamba snake (Dendroaspis angusticeps) venom. Sequencing of the toxin by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry revealed a 63 amino acid residue peptide with 4 disulphide bonds that belongs to the three-finger toxin family, but with a unique modification of its disulphide-bridge scaffold. The toxin induces a dose-dependent increase in both open probabilities and mean open times on KcsA in artificial bilayers. Thus, it unexpectedly behaves as a channel activator rather than an inhibitor. A charybdotoxin-sensitive mutant of KcsA exhibits similar susceptibility to Tx7335 as wild-type, indicating that the binding site for Tx7335 is distinct from that of canonical pore-blocker toxins. Based on the extracellular location of the toxin binding site (far away from the intracellular pH gate), we propose that Tx7335 increases potassium flow through KcsA by allosterically reducing inactivation of the channel.

Published
2016

34. Innate myeloid cell TNFR1 mediates first line defence against primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Author

George Kollias, Marc Le Bert, Marie-Laure Bourigault, Irene Garcia, Hélène Bouscayrol, Amandine Gauthier, Thierry Wachter, Noria Segueni, Bernhard Ryffel, Amandine Philippeau, Stéphanie Rose, Valérie F. J. Quesniaux, Muazzam Jacobs, Flora Reverchon, François Erard, Sulayman Benmerzoug, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Tuberculosis, Myeloid, Population, Bone Marrow Cells, Inflammation, ddc:616.07, Biology, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Article, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunity, medicine, Animals, education, Lung, Mice, Knockout, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, respiratory system, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, 3. Good health, Haematopoiesis, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Immunology, Cytokines, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, medicine.symptom, 030215 immunology
Abstract

TNF is crucial for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and understanding how will help immunomodulating the host response. Here we assessed the contribution of TNFR1 pathway from innate myeloid versus T cells. We first established the prominent role of TNFR1 in haematopoietic cells for controlling M. tuberculosis in TNFR1 KO chimera mice. Further, absence of TNFR1 specifically on myeloid cells (M-TNFR1 KO) recapitulated the uncontrolled M. tuberculosis infection seen in fully TNFR1 deficient mice, with increased bacterial burden, exacerbated lung inflammation, and rapid death. Pulmonary IL-12p40 over-expression was attributed to a prominent CD11b+ Gr1high cell population in infected M-TNFR1 KO mice. By contrast, absence of TNFR1 on T-cells did not compromise the control of M. tuberculosis infection over 6-months. Thus, the protective TNF/TNFR1 pathway essential for controlling primary M. tuberculosis infection depends on innate macrophage and neutrophil myeloid cells, while TNFR1 pathway in T cells is dispensable.

Published
2016

35. Conformation-controlled binding kinetics of antibodies

Author

Marta Galanti, Francesco Piazza, Duccio Fanelli, Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica (DSI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Firenze]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Protein Conformation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, Plasma protein binding, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Article, Antibodies, 03 medical and health sciences, Molecular dynamics, Protein structure, Antigen, Binding site, Multidisciplinary, Binding Sites, Chemistry, Binding protein, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Molecular biology, Molecular machine, Receptor–ligand kinetics, 3. Good health, Solutions, Kinetics, 030104 developmental biology, Biophysics, 0210 nano-technology, Protein Binding
Abstract

Antibodies are large, extremely flexible molecules, whose internal dynamics is certainly key to their astounding ability to bind antigens of all sizes, from small hormones to giant viruses. In this paper, we build a shape-based coarse-grained model of IgG molecules and show that it can be used to generate 3D conformations in agreement with single-molecule Cryo-Electron Tomography data. Furthermore, we elaborate a theoretical model that can be solved exactly to compute the binding rate constant of a small antigen to an IgG in a prescribed 3D conformation. Our model shows that the antigen binding process is tightly related to the internal dynamics of the IgG. Our findings pave the way for further investigation of the subtle connection between the dynamics and the function of large, flexible multi-valent molecular machines.

Published
2016

36. Prominent role for T cell-derived tumour necrosis factor for sustained control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Author

Nasiema Allie, Cecile Fremond, Muazzam Jacobs, Vladimir Yeremeev, Yuriy V. Shebzukhov, Marie-Laure Bourigault, Sergei I. Grivennikov, Bernhard Ryffel, Sergei A. Nedospasov, Nai-Jen Hsu, Roanne Keeton, Nathalie Court, Valérie F. J. Quesniaux, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology (ISTC), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Inflammation, German Rheumatology Research Center, Leibniz Institute, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), South African national government institution, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Faculty of Health Sciences

Subjects
MESH: Signal Transduction, MESH: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MESH: Integrases, Myeloid, Neutrophils, MESH: Flow Cytometry, MESH: Neutrophils, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: Mice, Knockout, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Animals, MESH: Tuberculosis, Myeloid Cells, Lung, Cells, Cultured, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, MESH: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Differentiation, Flow Cytometry, MESH: CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, MESH: Cells, Cultured, Signal Transduction, MESH: Cell Differentiation, MESH: Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, T cell, Blotting, Western, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Article, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: Cell Proliferation, medicine, MESH: Blotting, Western, Animals, MESH: Lung, RNA, Messenger, MESH: Mice, MESH: RNA, Messenger, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, Integrases, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Macrophages, MESH: Macrophages, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Myeloid Cells, Chronic infection, MESH: Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Immunology, CD8, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) is critical for host control of M. tuberculosis, but the relative contribution of TNF from innate and adaptive immune responses during tuberculosis infection is unclear. Myeloid versus T-cell-derived TNF function in tuberculosis was investigated using cell type-specific TNF deletion. Mice deficient for TNF expression in macrophages/neutrophils displayed early, transient susceptibility to M. tuberculosis but recruited activated, TNF-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and controlled chronic infection. Strikingly, deficient TNF expression in T-cells resulted in early control but susceptibility and eventual mortality during chronic infection with increased pulmonary pathology. TNF inactivation in both myeloid and T-cells rendered mice critically susceptible to infection with a phenotype resembling complete TNF deficient mice, indicating that myeloid and T-cells are the primary TNF sources collaborating for host control of tuberculosis. Thus, while TNF from myeloid cells mediates early immune function, T-cell derived TNF is essential to sustain protection during chronic tuberculosis infection.

Published
2013
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