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Nuclear energy provides more than 10% of electrical power internationally, and the increasing engagement of nuclear energy is essential to meet the rapid worldwide increase in energy demand. A paramount challenge in the development of advanced nuclear reactors is the discovery of advanced structural materials that can endure extreme environments, such as severe neutron irradiation damage at high temperatures. It has been known for decades that high dose radiation can introduce significant void swelling accompanied by precipitation in austenitic stainless steel (SS). Here we report, however, that through nanoengineering, ultra-fine grained (UFG) 304L SS with an average grain size of ~100 nm, can withstand Fe ion irradiation at 500°C to 80 displacements-per-atom (dpa) with moderate grain coarsening. Compared to coarse grained (CG) counterparts, swelling resistance of UFG SS is improved by nearly an order of magnitude and swelling rate is reduced by a factor of 5. M23C6 precipitates, abundant in irradiated CG SS, are largely absent in UFG SS. This study provides a nanoengineering approach to design and discover radiation tolerant metallic materials for applications in extreme radiation environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term use of aspirin for preventing cardiovascular disease has been recommended for decades. However, there is currently uncertainty regarding the long-term effects of aspirin use on the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in cancer patients. The aim of this work was to analyze the connection between the prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin and the risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and carcinoma death in carcinoma patients in the United States. A cohort study was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018) and associated mortality data. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and hazard ratios (HRs) between non-aspirin use and prophylactic low-dose aspirin use and the risk of death were measured via Cox proportional hazard regression models. A total of 1819 participants were included in the present research, of whom 945 were nonaspirin users and 874 were prophylactic aspirin users. Compared with non-aspirin users, prophylactic low-dose aspirin users had a decreased risk of all-cause death (HR = 0.647, 95% CI = 0.489-0.857). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of cardiovascular death (HR = 0.623, 95% CI = 0.362-1.074) or cancer death (HR = 0.709, 95% CI = 0.410-1.226). Prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin may lower all-cause mortality in individuals with cancer but does not have a substantial effect on cardiovascular risk or cancer-specific mortality in this patient population., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Pyroptosis is a gasdermin-mediated pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death (PCD). Tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ) is an inflammatory cytokine, and some studies have shown that TNF-ɑ can cause pyroptosis of cells and exert anti-tumor effects. However, whether TNF-ɑ exerts anti-tumor effects on breast cancer cells by inducing pyroptosis has not been reported. In this study, to explore the impact of TNF-ɑ on pyroptosis in breast cancer cells, we treated MCF-7 cells with TNF-ɑ and found that TNF-ɑ induced cell death. Moreover, we observed that the dead cells were swollen with obvious balloon-like bubbles, which was a typical sign of pyroptosis. Further studies have found that the anti-tumor effect of TNF-ɑ on breast cancer cells in vitro was achieved through the canonical pyroptosis pathway. In addition, TNF-ɑ-induced pyroptosis in MCF-7 cells was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, in which mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and mitochondrial ROS production was increased. After inhibiting ROS production, the activation effect of TNF-ɑ on NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway was weakened, and the inhibitory effect of TNF-ɑ on the growth of MCF-7 cells in vitro was also decreased, further confirming the involvement of ROS in TNF-ɑ-induced pyroptosis. Overall, our study revealed a new mechanism by which TNF-ɑ exerts an anti-tumor effect by inducing pyroptosis in MCF-7 cells through the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, which may provide new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of breast cancer., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Citrus red mites (P. citri) are key pests affecting citrus production worldwide due to pesticide resistance. The resistance mechanisms of ten pesticides are known, but a comprehensive study using transcriptome data is missing. This study employed deeptools, cuffdiff, rmats, bcftools and other software to examine gene expression variation, alternative splicing (AS), and mutations in mite resistance. The research highlighted that pesticides can regulate gene transcription, and red mites with resistance increase cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterase, and acetylcholinesterase expression. Pyridaben also induces new AS events. Fluazinam-induced mites show mRNA splicing peaking earlier than transcription, both peaking at one day and returning to baseline after two days. AS profiles are similar in different mite populations with overlapping pesticide resistances. Lastly, specific mitochondrial SNPs in mites might mediate resistance against select pesticides., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja, an endemic tree with a scattered distribution in subtropical China, are rich in flavonoids with beneficial, health-promoting properties. To understand the impact of environment and genetic similarity on the variation pattern of flavonoids in this species, we analyzed C. paliurus germplasm resources from 26 different populations previously sampled from the main distribution area. Environmental, genetic and biochemical data was associated by genetic structure analysis, non-parametric tests, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. We found that populations with higher flavonoid contents were distributed at higher elevations and latitudes and fell into two groups with similar genetic diversities. Significant accumulations of isoquercitrin and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside were detected in the higher flavonoid-content resources. In addition, the genetic clusters with higher flavonoid contents exhibited broader environmental-adaptive capacities. Even in the presence of environmental factors promoting C. paliurus flavonoid accumulation, only those populations having a specific level of genetic similarity were able to exploit such environments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Oncolytic virotherapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment, harnessing both innate and tumor-specific immune responses for targeted tumor elimination. In this study, we present a novel oncolytic virus (oHSV1-IL15B) derived from herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), armed with IL-15/IL-15Rα complex, with a focus on treating colon cancer combined with oncolytic HSV-1 expressing anti-PD-1 antibody (oHSV1-aPD1). Results from our study reveal that recombinant oHSV-1 virus equipped with IL-15/IL-15Rα complex exhibited significant anti-tumor effects in a murine CT26 colon adenocarcinoma model. Notably, oHSV1-IL15B combined with oHSV-1-aPD1 demonstrates superior tumor inhibition and prolonged overall survival compared to oHSV1-mock and monotherapy groups. Further exploration highlights the impact of oHSV1-IL15B, oHSV-1-aPD1 and combined group on antitumor capacity, revealing a substantial increase in CD8 + T and CD4 + T cell proportions of CT26-bearing BALB/c mice and promoting apoptosis in tumor tissue. The study emphasizes the pivotal role of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells in oncolytic virotherapy, demonstrating that recombinant oHSV1-IL15B combined with oncolytic HSV-1-aPD1 induces a robust tumor-specific T cell response. RNA sequence analysis highlighted oHSV1-IL15B combined with oHSV1-aPD1 improved tumors immune microenvironment on immune response, antiviral response-related genes and apoptosis-related genes, which contributed to anti-tumor immunotherapy. The findings underscore the promising antitumor activity achieved through the combination of IL-15/IL-15Rα complex and anti-PD-1 antibody with oHSV-1. This research opens avenues for diverse therapeutic strategies, suggesting the potential of synergistically utilizing cytokines and anti-PD-1 antibody with oncolytic viruses to enhance immunotherapy for cancer management., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Drought is the primary driver of wildfires in humid regions, and the main drought drivers for wildfire occurrence and spread vary across different humid climatic areas. This study explores the suitability of different drought descriptions for wildfires under various humid temperate climates in Japan. Based on wildfire data from 1995 to 2012, statistical and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the performance of effective humidity (EH) and soil moisture (SM) as indicators of atmospheric and soil drought. EH is used for nationwide wildfire and drought warnings in Japan. The results show that EH is significantly influenced by seasonal and regional factors, with its ability to assess drought for wildfire varying accordingly, whereas SM demonstrates a more consistent ability to assess drought across different seasons and regions. Correlation analysis revealed that atmospheric drought better explains the drought conditions for wildfire ignition in 11 prefectures, mainly concentrated in the northern regions along the Sea of Japan. In contrast, the correlation coefficients for SM were higher in 33 prefectures, particularly along the Pacific coast, indicating that soil drought better explains the drought conditions for burned areas in these prefectures., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy, and its prognostic factors have been extensively studied. Progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) suggests a poor prognosis in many malignancies, but is rarely mentioned in MM. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of POD24 in MM and risk factors of POD24, and to evaluate the predictive value of existing MM prognostic models for POD24. The research retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of MM patients and found that the occurrence of POD24 is an independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival in MM, while non-transplantion and genetic abnormality are independent risk factors for the occurrence of POD24. The existing prognostic models are not effective in predicting POD24. Therefore, it's still necessary to explore a prognostic model that can predict POD24 more accurately., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Antioxidant capacity is an important indicator for evaluating the growth and developmental quality of rice. This study has guiding significance for the cultivation of high-nutrient-value varieties. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant characteristics of rice grains after the filling stage, Yangzinuo 1 (YZN1) was used as the experimental material, and grains collected at five different time points (7 days apart) after the filling stage were used for transcriptome sequencing. Through weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), a coexpression network of gene weights related to antioxidant characteristics was constructed. LOC_Os10g39140, LOC_Os10g38276, and LOC_Os05g45740 were identified from the 2 modules showing the highest correlations with the target traits. GO functional annotation showed that target modules were enriched in pathways related to phenylalanine, flavonoids, and other related pathways, such as GO:0006558, GO:0006559, GO:0009812, and GO:0009813. Correlation analysis with metabolites revealed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to antioxidant characteristics and energy metabolism processes, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. The core genes identified in this study were found to be highly correlated with antioxidant characteristics and enriched in pathways related to metabolic and energy pathways and molecular activities. These results provide an effective dataset supporting breeding targeting functional rice characteristics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) combined with rituximab-based chemotherapy benefits diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. However, drug resistance is the major cause of relapse and death of DLBCL. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis BTKi-resistance related genes (BRRGs) and established a 10-gene (CARD16, TRIP13, PSRC1, CASP1, PLBD1, CARD6, CAPG, CACNA1A, CDH15, and NDUFA4) signature for early identifying high-risk DLBCL patients. The resistance scores based on the BRRGs signature were associated with prognosis. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram incorporating the BRRGs signature, which demonstrated excellent performance in predicting the prognosis of DLBCL patients. Notably, tumor immune microenvironment, biological pathways, and chemotherapy sensitivity were different between high- and low-resistance score groups. Additionally, we identified TRIP13 as a key gene in our model. TRIP13 was found to be overexpressed in DLBCL and BTKi-resistant DLBCL cell lines, knocking down TRIP13 suppresses cell proliferation, promotes cell apoptosis, and enhances the apoptosis effect of BTKi on DLBCL cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, our study presents a novel BRRGs signature that could serve as a promising prognostic marker in DLBCL, and TRIP13 might be a potential therapeutic target for resistant DLBCL., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In today's globalized agricultural system, information leakage of agricultural biological risk factors can lead to business risks and public panic, jeopardizing corporate reputation. To solve the above problems, this study constructs a blockchain network for agricultural product biological risk traceability based on agricultural product biological risk factor data to achieve traceability of biological risk traceability data of agricultural product supply chain to meet the sustainability challenges. To guarantee the secure and flexible sharing of agricultural product biological risk privacy information and limit the scope of privacy information dissemination, the blockchain-based proxy re-encryption access control method (BBPR-AC) is designed. Aiming at the problems of proxy re-encryption technology, such as the third-party agent being prone to evil, the authorization judgment being cumbersome, and the authorization process not automated, we design the proxy re-encryption access control mechanism based on the traceability of agricultural products' biological risk factors. Designing an attribute-based access control (ABAC) mechanism based on the traceability blockchain for agricultural products involves defining the attributes of each link in the agricultural supply chain, formulating policies, and evaluating and executing these policies, deployed in the blockchain system in the form of smart contracts. This approach achieves decentralization of authorization and automation of authority judgment. By analyzing the data characteristics within the agricultural product supply chain to avoid the malicious behavior of third-party agents, the decentralized blockchain system acts as a trusted third-party agent, and the proxy re-encryption is combined with symmetric encryption to improve the encryption efficiency. This ensures a efficient encryption process, making the system safe, transparent, and efficient. Finally, a prototype blockchain system for traceability of agricultural biological risk factors is built based on Hyperledger Fabric to verify this research method's reliability, security, and efficiency. The experimental results show that this research scheme's initial encryption, re-encryption, and decryption sessions exhibit lower computational overheads than traditional encryption methods. When the number of policies and the number of requests in the access control session is 100, the policy query latency is less than 400 ms, the request-response latency is slightly more than 360ms, and the data uploading throughput is 48.7 tx/s. The data query throughput is 81.8 tx/s, the system performance consumption is low and can meet the biological risk privacy protection needs of the agricultural supply chain. The BBPR-AC method proposed in this study provides ideas for achieving refined traceability management in the agricultural supply chain and promoting digital transformation in the agricultural industry., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A 28 days pesticide degradation experiment was conducted for broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch) and pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) with three pesticides (chlorantraniliprole (CAP), haloxyfop-etotyl (HPM), and indoxacarb (IXB)) to explore the effects of biochar on pesticide environmental fate and rhizosphere soil diversity. Rice straw biochar (RB) was applied to soil at a 25.00 t ha -1 dosage under greenhouse conditions, and its effects on the degradation of three pesticides in vegetables and in soil were investigated individually. Overall, RB application effectively facilitated CAP and HPM degradation in broccoli by 13.51-39.42% and in broccoli soil by 23.80-74.10%, respectively. RB application slowed the degradation of CAP, HPM and IXB in pakchoi by 0.00-57.17% and slowed the degradation of CAP in pakchoi by 37.32-43.40%. The results showed that the effect of RB application on pesticide degradation in crops and soil was related to biochar properties, pesticide solubility, plant growth status, and soil characteristics. Rhizosphere soil microorganisms were also investigated, and the results showed that biochar application may be valuable for altering bacterial richness and diversity. The effect of biochar application on pesticide residues in crops and soil was influenced by the vegetable variety first, and the second was pesticide characteristics. RB applied to soil at a 25.00 t ha -1 dosage under greenhouse conditions is recommended for broccoli production to ensure food safety. Our results suggested that biochar application in soil could reduce pesticide non-point source pollution, especially for highly soluble pesticides, and could affect soil microorganisms., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In unmanned retail store, providing smart customer service requires two stages: understanding customer needs, and guiding the customer to the product. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end (Customer-to-Shelf) software service framework for unmanned retail. The framework integrates visual recognition technology to detect retail objects, large language models to analyze customer shopping needs and make proper recommendations. First, deep neural network based image recognition models are studied for implementing effective stock keeping units (SKUs) object recognition on the shelf. Second, a novel method is proposed to fine-tune large language models (LLMs) with limited training dataset. Metaheuristic approaches are used to optimize the mask locations in a low dimensional parameter space, resulting a more efficient parameter updating method for limited downstream data. Third, by facilitating an automatic analysis of customer preferences powered by large language models, we present a smart recommender system based on domain-specific knowledge, which completes the Customer-to-Shelf software service framework. Experimental results show that our proposed fine-tuning method, is more efficient than other state-of-the-art training methods for limited downstream domain dataset. Using fine-tuned large models, we can successfully create a seamless shopping experience for customers by understanding personalized needs and providing shopping advice in the unmanned retail store., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) present a significant challenge to global public health, with prolonged drug use not only impairing individual health but also hindering social development. Despite various interventions aimed at addressing drug abuse and dependence, a high relapse rate remains a prominent issue. In light of this, this study aims to explore the impact of perceived stress on the relapse of individuals with SUDs, as well as the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of social support, in hopes of providing new perspectives for interventions to reduce the risk of relapse among individuals with SUDs. By utilizing a convenience sampling method, 420 male individuals with SUDs were recruited from detoxification centers in Guangxi, China. They completed questionnaires on perceived stress, self-control, social support, and tendencies towards relapse. A total of 401 valid datasets were obtained and analyzed using the SPSS Process plugin to conduct a moderated mediation model analysis. Results: (1) Perceived stress had a positive impact on the relapse of individuals with SUDs, (2) Self-control played a partial mediating role between perceived stress and the relapse, (3) The direct effect of perceived stress on the relapse and its first half of the indirect effect were moderated by social support. The research emphasize the critical importance of learning stress management strategies, enhancing self-control, and receiving comprehensive social support in the prevention and treatment of substance dependence. By strengthening self-control and social support as both internal and external resources, the likelihood of relapse among individuals with SUDs can be reduced, contributing to more effective and comprehensive drug rehabilitation strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Accurate, fast and lightweight dense target detection methods are highly important for precision agriculture. To detect dense apricot flowers using drones, we propose an improved dense target detection method based on YOLOv8, named D-YOLOv8. First, we introduce the Dense Feature Pyramid Networks (D-FPN) to enhance the model's ability to extract dense features and Dense Attention Layer (DAL) to focus on dense target areas, which enhances the feature extraction ability of dense areas, suppresses features in irrelevant areas, and improves dense target detection accuracy. Finally, RAW data are used to enhance the dataset, which introduces additional original data into RAW images, further enriching the feature input of dense objects. We perform validation on the CARPK challenge dataset and constructed a dataset. The experimental results show that our proposed D-YOLOv8m achieved 98.37% AP, while the model parameters were only 13.2 million. The improved network can effectively support any task of dense target detection., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The precise extraction of winter wheat planting structure holds significant importance for food security risk assessment, agricultural resource management, and governmental decision-making. This study proposed a method for extracting the winter wheat planting structure by taking into account the growth phenology of winter wheat. Utilizing the fitting effect index, the optimal Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filtering parameter combination was determined automatically to achieve automated filtering and reconstruction of NDVI time series data. The phenological phases of winter wheat growth was identified automatically using a threshold method, and subsequently, a model for extracting the winter wheat planting structure was constructed based on three key phenological stages, including seeding, heading, and harvesting, with the combination of hierarchical classification principles. A priori sample library was constructed using historical data on winter wheat distribution to verify the accuracy of the extracted results. The validation of fitting effect on different surfaces demonstrated that the optimal filtering parameters for S-G filtering could be obtained automatically by using the fitting effect index. The extracted winter wheat phenological phases showed good consistency with ground-based observational results and MOD12Q2 phenological products. Validation against statistical yearbook data and the proposed priori knowledge base exhibited high statistical accuracy and spatial precision, with an extracting accuracy of 94.92%, a spatial positioning accuracy of 93.26%, and a kappa coefficient of 0.9228. The results indicated that the proposed method for winter wheat planting structure extracting can identify winter wheat areas rapidly and significantly. Furthermore, this method does not require training samples or manual experience, and exhibits strong transferability., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The interleukin (IL)-23 pathway is a pathogenic driver in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Currently, no oral therapeutics selectively target this pathway. JNJ-77242113 is a peptide targeting the IL-23 receptor with high affinity (K D : 7.1 pM). In human cells, JNJ-77242113 potently and selectively inhibited proximal IL-23 signaling (IC 50 : 5.6 pM) without impacting IL-12 signaling. JNJ-77242113 inhibited IL-23-induced interferon (IFN)γ production in NK cells, and in blood from healthy donors and psoriasis patients (IC 50 : 18.4, 11 and 9 pM, respectively). In a rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis model, oral JNJ-77242113 attenuated disease parameters at doses ≥ 0.3 mg/kg/day. Pharmacologic activity beyond the gastrointestinal tract was also demonstrated. In blood from rats receiving oral JNJ-77242113, dose-dependent inhibition of ex vivo IL-23-stimulated IL-17A production was observed. In an IL-23-induced rat skin inflammation model, JNJ-77242113 inhibited IL-23-induced skin thickening and IL-17A, -17F and -22 gene induction. Oral dosing of JNJ-77242113 in healthy human volunteers inhibited ex vivo IL-23-stimulated IFNγ production in whole blood. Thus, JNJ-77242113 provided selective, systemic IL-23 pathway inhibition in preclinical models which translated to pharmacodynamic activity in healthy human volunteers, supporting the potential for JNJ-77242113 as a selective oral therapy for IL-23-driven immune-mediated diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The endothelial glycocalyx is damaged in postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), but the prognostic value is unknown. We aimed to observe the expression and prognostic value of glycocalyx shedding products, including syndecan-1 (SDC-1), hyaluronan (HA), and heparan sulfate (HS) in PCAS. Data on clinical and 28-day outcomes of seventy-one consecutive patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were collected. SDC-1, HA, and HS were measured on days 0, 1, and 3 after ROSC. Thirty healthy individuals were controls. Glycocalyx shedding was observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated during hypoxia and reoxygenation in vitro. Within 4 h of ROSC, SDC-1 and HA levels, significantly increased. In the 28-day non-survivors, HA levels showed a gradual upward trend, SDC-1 remained at a high level, and HS levels first increased, then decreased. Kaplan-Meier curves and binary logistic regression analysis showed the prognostic value of SDC-1 levels on days 0, 1, and 3, HA levels on days 1 and 3, and HS levels on day 1. Only HS levels on day 1 showed a prognostic value for 28-day neurological outcomes. SDC-1 and HA levels were positively correlated with the no-flow time. In vitro, HUVECs showed shedding of SDC-1 and HS during a prolonged duration of hypoxia. After ROSC, SDC-1, HA, and HS levels may predict the 28-day survival after PCAS, and HS levels are associated with functional outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncommon in China and the standard of care is underdeveloped, with limited utilization of disease-modifying treatment (DMT). An understanding of real-world disease burden (including direct medical, non-medical, and indirect costs, such as loss of productivity), is currently lacking in this population. To investigate the overall burden of managing patients with MS in China, a cross-sectional survey of physicians and their consulting patients with MS was conducted in 2021. Physicians provided information on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; consultations, hospitalizations, tests, medication) and associated costs. Patients provided data on changes in their life, productivity, and impairment of daily activities due to MS. Results were stratified by disease severity using generalized linear models, with a p value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Patients with more severe disease had greater HCRU, including hospitalizations, consultations and tests/scans, and incurred higher direct and indirect costs and productivity loss, compared with those with milder disease. However, the use of DMT was higher in patients with mild disease severity. With the low uptake and limited efficacy of non-DMT drugs, Chinese patients with MS experience a high disease burden and significant unmet needs. Therapeutic interventions could help save downstream costs and lessen societal burden., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy with poor survival. Accumulating evidence reveals that lactylation modification plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. However, research on lactylation-related genes (LRGs) in predicting the prognosis of MM remains limited. Differentially expressed LRGs (DELRGs) between MM and normal samples were investigated from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Univariate Cox regression and LASSO Cox regression analysis were applied to construct gene signature associated with overall survival. The signature was validated in two external datasets. A nomogram was further constructed and evaluated. Additionally, Enrichment analysis, immune analysis, and drug chemosensitivity analysis between the two groups were investigated. qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were performed to validate the expression and localization of PFN1. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to validate biological function. A total of 9 LRGs (TRIM28, PPIA, SOD1, RRP1B, IARS2, RB1, PFN1, PRCC, and FABP5) were selected to establish the prognostic signature. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high-risk group patients had a remarkably worse prognosis in the training and validation cohorts. A nomogram was constructed based on LRGs signature and clinical characteristics, and showed excellent predictive power by calibration curve and C-index. Moreover, biological pathways, immunologic status, as well as sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs were different between high- and low-risk groups. Additionally, the hub gene PFN1 is highly expressed in MM, knocking down PFN1 induces cell cycle arrest, suppresses cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our study revealed that LRGs signature is a promising biomarker for MM that can effectively early distinguish high-risk patients and predict prognosis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by in situ formation of oil-in-water emulsion in heavy oil cold production technology has received growing interest from the petroleum industry. We present an experimental study of emulsification of model oils prepared by heavy oil and its functional group compositions dissolved into toluene brought into contact with a surfactant solution. The effects of functional group composition, emulsifier concentration, temperature, pH and stirring speed on the emulsification rate of heavy oil was investigated. A second-order kinetic model characterizing the temporal variation of conductivity during the emulsification has been established. The results show that acidic and amphoteric fractions exhibit higher interfacial activity, larger emulsification rate constant and faster emulsification rate. With the increase of emulsifier concentration, the emulsification rate constant increase to the maximum value at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L before decreasing. Temperature increase benefits the emulsification rate and the activation energy of the emulsification process is 40.28 kJ/mol. Higher pH and stirring speed indicate faster emulsification rate. The heterogeneity of emulsions limits the accuracy of dynamic characterization of the emulsification process and the determination method of emulsification rate has always been controversial. The conductivity method we proposed can effectively evaluates the emulsification kinetics. This paper provides theoretical guidance for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism and application of cold recovery technology for heavy oil., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Wilson's disease is caused by abnormal copper metabolism resulting in deposition in various organs, including the brain, liver, and cornea, thus disrupting organ function. It is characterized by encephalopathy, extrapyramidal symptoms, progressive liver failure, and copper ring deposition in the cornea. Management of this disease should include quality of life maintenance; however, relevant studies on this topic are lacking. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients with Wilson's disease. A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted between July 2020 and March 2021 at the hospital. Data on patient characteristics, 36-item Short-Form General Health Survey, Uniform Wilson Disease Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores were collected. Associations among quality of life depression, anxiety, and Wilson's disease progression were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Factors affecting the quality of life of patients, including depression, anxiety, liver function, clinical symptoms, diet, liver function, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, disease duration, Barthel Index, and Morse scores were examined using multivariate linear regression analysis. This study included 134 patients with Wilson's disease whose mean age was 29.12 ± 8.59 years. The mean QoL score in the patient group was 71.38 ± 9.55 points and was negatively correlated with anxiety (r = - 0.883, P = 0.000), depression (r = - 0.852 P = 0.000), and clinical symptoms (r = - 0.542, P = 0.000) scores. Anxiety, depression, and clinical symptoms severity are vital factors for the QoL of patients with Wilson's disease. The study provides foundational evidence to design novel interventions, including symptom management, diet, and self-care ability, which can help in improving the quality of life in patients with Wilson's disease and decreasing the burden associated with this disease., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

By collecting a large amount of data from various preloading engineering projects, a settlement prediction database was established including up to 15 feature parameters, such as final measured time, magnitude of surcharge loading, porosity ratio, internal friction angle, and others. Furthermore, a settlement prediction model of soft foundation based on random forest (RF) model was also developed. To enhance the accuracy of settlement prediction, the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA), which incorporates several enhancements such as the use of Logistic-tent chaotic mapping, adaptive nonlinear inertia-decreasing weight parameters, and Levy flight strategy, was proposed to optimize the hyperparameters of the RF model. The optimization results of various algorithms on benchmark functions revealed that the ISSA algorithm excelled in terms of accuracy and stability when compared to conventional algorithms such as particle swarm optimization and butterfly optimization. The ISSA-RF settlement prediction model was subsequently constructed and applied to practical projects. The results demonstrated that the ISSA-RF model exhibited superior prediction accuracy and applicability compared to the RF model. It can therefore provide valuable guidance for the planning and implementation of preloading engineering projects., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Eliminating conventional pulsed B 0 -gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can significantly reduce the cost of and increase access to these devices. Phase shifts induced by the Bloch-Siegert shift effect have been proposed as a means for gradient-free, RF spatial encoding for low-field MR imaging. However, nonlinear phasor patterns like those generated from loop coils have not been systematically studied in the context of 2D spatial encoding. This work presents an optimization algorithm to select an efficient encoding trajectory among the nonlinear patterns achievable with a given hardware setup. Performance of encoding trajectories or projections was evaluated through simulated and experimental image reconstructions. Results show that the encodings schemes designed by this algorithm provide more efficient spatial encoding than comparison encoding sets, and the method produces images with the predicted spatial resolution and minimal artifacts. Overall, the work demonstrates the feasibility of performing 2D gradient-free, low-field imaging using the Bloch-Siegert shift which is an important step towards creating low-cost, point-of-care MR systems., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is a series of artificial compounds which is associated with human health. However, there are few studies on the relationship between PFASs and hypertension. In this study, we examined the association between different kinds of PFASs and hypertension. Multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analysis were adopted to assess the associations between PFASs and hypertension. Spline smoothing plots and linear regression were used to assess the relationship between PFASs and blood pressure. We found a positive association between serum PFDeA concentrations and the prevalence of hypertension after fully adjusting confounders (OR = 1.2, P = 0.01), but other types of PFASs showed no positive results. Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed there was a stronger relationship among non-Hispanics than Hispanics. Serum PFDeA concentrations were positively associated with systolic pressure (β = 0.7, P< 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.8, P< 0.01) among non-Hispanics who did not take antihypertensive drugs. This study showed that PFDeA exposure was associated with hypertension in Americans who identify as non-Hispanic. There was a positive association between PFDeA and blood pressure in non-Hispanic Americans who did not take antihypertensive drugs., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), as a widely used preclinical cancer model, has still not been genetically and genomically characterized. Here, we performed a whole-exome sequencing analysis on the LLC cell line to elucidate its molecular characteristics and etiologies. Our data showed that LLC originated from a male mouse belonging to C57BL/6L (a transitional strain between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N) and contains substantial somatic SNV and InDel mutations (> 20,000). Extensive regional mutation clusters are present in its genome, which were caused mainly by the mutational processes underlying the SBS1, SBS5, SBS15, SBS17a, and SBS21 signatures during frequent structural rearrangements. Thirty three deleterious mutations are present in 30 cancer genes including Kras, Nras, Trp53, Dcc, and Cacna1d. Cdkn2a and Cdkn2b are biallelically deleted from the genome. Five pathways (RTK/RAS, p53, cell cycle, TGFB, and Hippo) are oncogenically deregulated or affected. The major mutational processes in LLC include chromosomal instability, exposure to metabolic mutagens, spontaneous 5-methylcytosine deamination, defective DNA mismatch repair, and reactive oxygen species. Our data also suggest that LLC is a lung cancer similar to human lung adenocarcinoma. This study lays a molecular basis for the more targeted application of LLC in preclinical research., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Although an increased risk of myocarditis has been observed after vaccination with mRNA encoding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein, its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. This study investigated the direct effects of spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) on human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs). Immunostaining experiments using ACE2 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) iPSC-CMs treated with purified S-RBD demonstrated that S-RBD was bound to ACE2 and internalized into the subcellular space in the iPSC-CMs, depending on ACE2. Immunostaining combined with live cell imaging using a recombinant S-RBD fused to the superfolder GFP (S-RBD-sfGFP) demonstrated that S-RBD was bound to the cell membrane, co-localized with RAB5A, and then delivered from the endosomes to the lysosomes in iPSC-CMs. Quantitative PCR array analysis followed by single cell RNA sequence analysis clarified that S-RBD-sfGFP treatment significantly upregulated the NF-kβ pathway-related gene (CXCL1) in the differentiated non-cardiomyocytes, while upregulated interferon (IFN)-responsive genes (IFI6, ISG15, and IFITM3) in the matured cardiomyocytes. S-RBD-sfGFP treatment promoted protein ISGylation, an ISG15-mediated post-translational modification in ACE2-WT-iPSC-CMs, which was suppressed in ACE2-KO-iPSC-CMs. Our experimental study demonstrates that S-RBD is internalized through the endolysosomal pathway, which upregulates IFN-responsive genes and promotes ISGylation in the iPSC-CMs., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

3D reconstruction is the process of obtaining the three-dimensional shape or surface structure of an object, which is widely used in advanced manufacturing fields such as automotive, aerospace, industrial inspection, and reverse engineering. However, due to the structural characteristics of the component itself, the reflective properties of the coating material, and other factors, there may be specular reflection during image acquisition, making it difficult to achieve complete 3D reconstruction of the component. This paper proposes a method to address the problem of incomplete 3D reconstruction of strongly reflective objects by recognizing outlier points and filling point cloud holes. The proposed View-Transform-PointNet outlier point recognition network improves the alignment of the initial point cloud plane and implements secondary alignment of the point cloud based on the perpendicularity between the outlier plane in mixed reflection and the point cloud plane. The point cloud hole-filling method is based on the principle of outlier formation and approximates a local Gaussian distribution to linear variation. The distance between the end of each outlier plane and the real surface is calculated to repair the depth information of outlier points. The proposed method achieves a 39.4% increase in the number of point cloud filling, a 45.2% increase in the number of triangular mesh faces, a 46.9% increase in surface area, and a chamfer distance (CD) of 0.4471009, which is better than existing geometric repair methods in terms of standard deviation and smoothness. The method improves the alignment of initial point cloud planes and enhances the accuracy of outlier point recognition, which are the main innovative points of this study. The 3D reconstruction of the repaired point cloud model is achieved through Poisson equation and parameter adjustment. The proposed method reduces the error caused by large curvature in the boundary region and improves the smoothness and accuracy of the reconstructed model., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) is a severely morbid disease, affecting mostly dialyzed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, associated with calcium deposits in the skin. Calcifications have been identified in ESRD patients without CUA, indicating that their presence is not specific to the disease. The objective of this retrospective multicenter study was to compare elastic fiber structure and skin calcifications in ESRD patients with CUA to those without CUA using innovative structural techniques. Fourteen ESRD patients with CUA were compared to 12 ESRD patients without CUA. Analyses of elastic fiber structure and skin calcifications using multiphoton microscopy followed by machine-learning analysis and field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray were performed. Elastic fibers specifically appeared fragmented in CUA. Quantitative analyses of multiphoton images showed that they were significantly straighter in ESRD patients with CUA than without CUA. Interstitial and vascular calcifications were observed in both groups of ESRD patients, but vascular calcifications specifically appeared massive and circumferential in CUA. Unlike interstitial calcifications, massive circumferential vascular calcifications and elastic fibers straightening appeared specific to CUA. The origins of such specific elastic fiber's alteration are still to be explored and may involve relationships with ischemic vascular or inflammatory processes., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

The color and texture characteristics of crops can reflect their nitrogen (N) nutrient status and help optimize N fertilizer management. This study conducted a one-year field experiment to collect sugarcane leaf images at tillering and elongation stages using a commercial digital camera and extract leaf image color feature (CF) and texture feature (TF) parameters using digital image processing techniques. By analyzing the correlation between leaf N content and feature parameters, feature dimensionality reduction was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), and three regression methods (multiple linear regression; MLR, random forest regression; RF, stacking fusion model; SFM) were used to construct N content estimation models based on different image feature parameters. All models were built using five-fold cross-validation and grid search to verify the model performance and stability. The results showed that the models based on color-texture integrated principal component features (C-T-PCA) outperformed the single-feature models based on CF or TF. Among them, SFM had the highest accuracy for the validation dataset with the model coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.9264 for the tillering stage and 0.9111 for the elongation stage, with the maximum improvement of 9.85% and 8.91%, respectively, compared with the other tested models. In conclusion, the SFM framework based on C-T-PCA combines the advantages of multiple models to enhance the model performance while enhancing the anti-interference and generalization capabilities. Combining digital image processing techniques and machine learning facilitates fast and nondestructive estimation of crop N-substance nutrition., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Relation extraction is one of the important steps in building a knowledge graph. Its main objective is to extract semantic relationships from identified entity pairs in sentences, playing a crucial role in semantic understanding and knowledge graph construction. Remote supervised relation extraction aligns knowledge bases with natural language texts and generates labeled data, which alleviates the burden of manually annotating datasets. However, the labeled corpus obtained from remote supervision contains a large amount of noisy data, which greatly affects the training of relation extraction models. In this paper, we propose the hypothesis that key semantic information within the sentence plays a crucial role in entity relation extraction in the task of remote supervised relation extraction. Based on this hypothesis, we divide the sentence into three segments by splitting it according to the positions of entities, starting from within the sentence. Then, using intra-sentence attention mechanisms, we identify fine-grained semantic features within the sentence to reduce the interference of irrelevant noise information. We also improved the intra-bag attention mechanism by setting a threshold gate to filter out low-relevant noisy sentences, minimizing the impact of noise on the relation extraction model, and making full use of available positive semantic information. Experimental results show that the proposed relation extraction model in this paper achieves improvements in precision-recall curve, P@N value, and AUC value compared to existing methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of this model., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Embryogenic tissue (ET) is important for genetic modification and plant re-generation. The proliferation ability and vigor of ET are crucial for plant propagation via somatic embryogenesis. In this study, ET was induced from mature zygotic embryos in blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.). There were significant differences in ET induction between two provenances, i.e. 78.8 ± 12.5% and 62.50 ± 12.8% respectively. Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-Benzyl amino-purine (6-BA) and/or sucrose on ET proliferation and somatic embryo (SE) maturation were further investigated with four cell lines. The highest ET proliferation rate reached 1473.7 ± 556.0% biweekly. Concentrations of 2,4-D or 6-BA applied at tissue proliferation stage impacted SE maturation among the cell lines, whereas sucrose showed less effects. The highest rate, 408 ± 230 mature SEs/g FW, was achieved in SE maturation cultures. This research demonstrated that the culture conditions, i.e. the specific concentrations of 2,4-D and BA, at ET proliferation stage affected not only ET growth, but also the quality of ET for SE maturation. This study revealed the necessity and benefit in developing both the general and the genotype-specific protocols for efficient production of mature SEs, or somatic plants in blue spruce., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

The effect of temperature on the dynamic parameters of silty clay in a seasonally frozen region was assessed using a GDS dynamic triaxial test system. The strength parameters, dynamic elastic modulus, damping ratio, and other dynamic parameters of the soil samples were analyzed under different temperature conditions. The results demonstrated that the shear strength parameters (internal friction angle and cohesion) of the silty clay under a dynamic load increased significantly with decreasing temperature, and the internal friction angle increased sharply below 0 °C. The dynamic elastic modulus increased as the temperature decreased and changed significantly in the ice-water phase change region. The slope of the dynamic stress-strain curve of the soil sample increased significantly with decreasing temperature. As the temperature decreased, the damping ratio reduced, and the ability of the soil to absorb seismic waves declines. The research results provide new data and information to guide construction projects in seasonally frozen region., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Enhancers function with a basal promoter to control the transcription of target genes. Enhancer regulatory activity is often studied using reporter-based transgene assays. However, unmatched results have been reported when selected enhancers are silenced in situ. In this study, using genomic deletion analysis in mice, we investigated the roles of two previously identified enhancers and the promoter of the Rho gene that codes for the visual pigment rhodopsin. The Rho gene is robustly expressed by rod photoreceptors of the retina, and essential for the subcellular structure and visual function of rod photoreceptors. Mutations in RHO cause severe vision loss in humans. We found that each Rho regulatory region can independently mediate local epigenomic changes, but only the promoter is absolutely required for establishing active Rho chromatin configuration and transcription and maintaining the cell integrity and function of rod photoreceptors. To our surprise, two Rho enhancers that enable strong promoter activation in reporter assays are largely dispensable for Rho expression in vivo. Only small and age-dependent impact is detectable when both enhancers are deleted. Our results demonstrate context-dependent roles of enhancers and highlight the importance of studying functions of cis-regulatory regions in the native genomic context., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

In soft rock tunnels, there are often large deformations during construction, especially when the groundwater seepage and softens the surrounding rock. For achieving the purpose of studying the softening effect of water immersion on strength and stability of surrounding rock, 15 rock samples were selected for physical and mechanical tests under 5 conditions: natural state and free immersion for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, and nuclear magnetic resonance technology(NMR) was also adopted to test the internal pore structure of specimens with different immersion durations, thus the micro structure features of the gneiss, such as the NMR relaxation time T2 spectrum distribution, porosity, and pore volume ratio of different pore sizes under water softening were then obtained. The NMR results shows that the longer the free immersion duration of the rock sample, the greater the porosity; at the same time, the number of micropores in the rock gradually decreases under the interaction of water and rock, and the mesopores increase slightly first and then decrease all the time. The number of macropores is gradually increasing. When the immersion duration is 6 months, the number of macropores begins to increase significantly, and the mechanical properties of the specimens begin to drop significantly. By 9 months, the proportion of macropores in the rock has reached 57.6%. The results showed that the number growth of macropores is the root cause of the macroscopic failure of rock sample. The study results have significance for on-site construction in water-rich areas., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) is an urgent public health threat, according to the CDC. This pathogen has few treatment options and causes severe nosocomial infections with > 50% fatality rate. Although previous studies have examined the proteome of CRAb, there have been no focused analyses of dynamic changes to β-lactamase expression that may occur due to drug exposure. Here, we present our initial proteomic study of variation in β-lactamase expression that occurs in CRAb with different β-lactam antibiotics. Briefly, drug resistance to Ab (ATCC 19606) was induced by the administration of various classes of β-lactam antibiotics, and the cell-free supernatant was isolated, concentrated, separated by SDS-PAGE, digested with trypsin, and identified by label-free LC-MS-based quantitative proteomics. Thirteen proteins were identified and evaluated using a 1789 sequence database of Ab β-lactamases from UniProt, the majority of which were Class C β-lactamases (≥ 80%). Importantly, different antibiotics, even those of the same class (e.g. penicillin and amoxicillin), induced non-equivalent responses comprising various isoforms of Class C and D serine-β-lactamases, resulting in unique resistomes. These results open the door to a new approach of analyzing and studying the problem of multi-drug resistance in bacteria that rely strongly on β-lactamase expression., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Ensuring the traceability of Pu-erh tea products is crucial in the production and sale of tea, as it is a key means to ensure their quality and safety. The common approach used in traceability systems is the utilization of bound Quick Response (QR) codes or Near Field Communication (NFC) chips to track every link in the supply chain. However, counterfeiting risks still persist, as QR codes or NFC chips can be copied and inexpensive products can be fitted into the original packaging. To address this issue, this paper proposes a tea face verification model called TeaFaceNet for traceability verification. The aim of this model is to improve the traceability of Pu-erh tea products by quickly identifying counterfeit products and enhancing the credibility of Pu-erh tea. The proposed method utilizes an improved MobileNetV3 combined with Triplet Loss to verify the similarity between two input tea face images with different texture features. The recognition accuracy of the raw tea face dataset, ripe tea face dataset and mixed tea face dataset of the TeaFaceNet network were 97.58%, 98.08% and 98.20%, respectively. Accurate verification of tea face was achieved using the optimal threshold. In conclusion, the proposed TeaFaceNet model presents a promising approach to enhance the traceability of Pu-erh tea products and combat counterfeit products. The robustness and generalization ability of the model, as evidenced by the experimental results, highlight its potential for improving the accuracy of Pu-erh tea face recognition and enhancing the credibility of Pu-erh tea in the market. Further research in this area is warranted to advance the traceability of Pu-erh tea products and ensure their quality and safety., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

In this study, we propose a novel high-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) cell by considering both the light leakage characteristics of the Fresnel-lens-based solar cell modules and the performance issues arising from cloud shading in practical use. We use our self-constructed systems to conduct field measurements for up to half a year under various environmental conditions. According to the acquired results, it was surprising to know that in the area other than the focusing area, the so-called light leakage region, there always bears illuminance of about 20,000-40,000 lx whether it is a sunny day or a cloudy day with different cloud conditions. Such an interesting result is caused by the light scattering of the clouds and the inherent leakage characteristic of a Fresnel lens. To prove this important finding, we simulated the illuminance of the Fresnel lens structure used in the measurement with apertures of different sizes to determine the detected area. In the laboratory, the diffuse plates were used to mimic the situation of varying cloud layer thicknesses. The trend of calculated and measured results fitted well with the field measurements. Also, the experimental and simulation results show that the round angle and draft facet of the Fresnel lens were responsible for light leakage. This finding prompted us to propose a hybrid high-concentration solar module in which more cost-effective polycrystalline silicon solar cells are placed around the high-efficiency wafer of HCPV to capture the dissipated light leakage and convert it into usable electricity., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Our previous work identified one region upstream human UGT2B4 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B4) which is associated with breast cancer and under balancing selection. However, the distribution, functional variation and molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer and balancing selection remain unclear. In current study, the two haplotypes with deep divergence are described by analyzing 1000 genomes project data and observed to be with high frequencies in all human populations. Through population genetics analysis and genome annotation, the potential functional region is identified and verified by reporter gene assay. Further mutagenesis indicates that the functional mutations are rs66862535 and rs68096061. Both SNPs can alter the interaction efficiency of transcription factor POU2F1 (POU class 2 homeobox 1). Through chromosome conformation capture, it is identified that the enhancer containing these two SNPs can interact with UGT2B4 promoter. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicates that UGT2B4 expression is dependent on the genotype of this locus. The common haplotype in human is lost in four genomes of archaic hominins, which suggests that Neanderthal and Denisovan should present relatively lower UGT2B4 expression and further higher steroid hormone level. This study provides new insight into the contribution of ancient population structure to human phenotypes., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a natural medium used in cell cultures containing the large amount of nutrients necessary for cell growth and is often used for in vitro cultures of animal cells. Although FBS plays a vital role in cell cultures, there are small molecules contained within FBS that remain unidentified, and their effects on cultured cells is poorly understood. Here, we report that different brands of FBS have varying influences on the background expression of IL-8, not TNFα and IL1β in epithelial cells. The endogenous small molecules in FBS and ERK pathways may contribute to these effects. In addition, FBS form the IL-8 stimulation and IL-8 non-responsive groups have different metabolome profiles. Overall, our study suggests that metabolites in FBS should be included in the quantitative considerations when conducting cell experiments, especially immune-related experiments, to improve the repeatability of experimental results in scientific papers; IL-8 could thus be an important factor in selecting FBS., (© 2023. The Author(s).)