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2 results on '"Kinga Gawel"'

1. Unexpected content of kynurenine in mother’s milk and infant formulas

Author

Marta Marszalek-Grabska, Anna Stachniuk, Paulina Iwaniak, Kinga Gawel, Agata Sumara, Tomasz Kocki, Emilia Fornal, Paweł Milart, Piotr Paluszkiewicz, and Waldemar Turski

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Mother’s milk is widely recommended as complete food for the offspring in earliest postnatal time. However, the knowledge about detailed composition and the physiological role of bioactive components of breast milk is incomplete. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the content of kynurenine (KYN) in human breast milk during lactation and to explore the effects exerted by intragastric KYN administration from birth to weaning on physical and psychomotor development of adult rats. We found that KYN is consistently present in human milk and its content gradually increased from day 4 to 28 after delivery and that it is present in commercial baby formulas in amounts noticeably exceeding its physiological range. Animal studies showed that KYN supplementation resulted in a marked elevation of absorptive surface of rat intestine and in enhanced expression of both, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and G protein-coupled receptor 35 in the intestinal tissue in rats. Moreover, we discovered that KYN administration from birth to weaning resulted in neurobehavioral changes in adult rats. Therefore, we postulate that further research is required to thoroughly understand the function of KYN in early developmental stages of mammals and to ensure the safety of its presence in baby food products.

Published
2022
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2. Kynurenic acid as the neglected ingredient of commercial baby formulas

Author

Ewa Tomaszewska, Iwona Dębińska, Waldemar A. Turski, Michal Raban, Jerzy Bednarski, Katarzyna Smolińska, Tomasz Kocki, Monika Turska, Paweł Milart, Piotr Paluszkiewicz, Katarzyna Walczak, Kinga Gawel, and Piotr Dobrowolski

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, Breastfeeding, lcsh:Medicine, Context (language use), Breast milk, Kynurenic Acid, Weight Gain, Article, Jejunum, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Kynurenic acid, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Obesity, Rats, Wistar, lcsh:Science, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Multidisciplinary, Milk, Human, business.industry, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, Infant Formula, Rats, Gastrointestinal Tract, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Breast Feeding, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, lcsh:Q, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Abstract

The global increase in resorting to artificial nutritional formulas replacing breastfeeding has been identified among the complex causes of the obesity epidemic in infants and children. One of the factors recently recognized to influence metabolism and weight gain is kynurenic acid (KYNA), an agonist of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR35). Therefore the aim of the study was to determine the concentration of KYNA in artificial nutritional formulas in comparison with its level in human breast milk and to evaluate developmental changes in rats exposed to KYNA enriched diet during the time of breastfeeding. KYNA levels were measured in milk samples from 25 heathy breast-feeding women during the first six months after labor and were compared with 21 time-adjusted nutritional formulas. Animal experiments were performed on male Wistar rats. KYNA was administered in drinking water. The content of KYNA in human milk increases more than 13 times during the time of breastfeeding while its level is significantly lower in artificial formulas. KYNA was detected in breast milk of rats and it was found that the supplementation of rat maternal diet with KYNA in drinking water results in its increase in maternal milk. By means of the immunoblotting technique, GPR35 was evidenced in the mucosa of the jejunum of 1-day-old rats and distinct morphological changes in the jejunum of 21-day-old rats fed by mothers exposed to water supplemented with KYNA were found. A significant reduction of body weight gain of rats postnatally exposed to KYNA supplementation without changes in total body surface and bone mineral density was observed. The rat offspring fed with breast milk with artificially enhanced KYNA content demonstrated a lower mass gain during the first 21 days of life, which indicates that KYNA may act as an anti-obesogen. Further studies are, therefore, warranted to investigate the mechanisms regulating KYNA secretion via breast milk, as well as the influence of breast milk KYNA on mass gain. In the context of lifelong obesity observed worldwide in children fed artificially, our results imply that insufficient amount of KYNA in baby formulas could be considered as one of the factors associated with increased mass gain.

Published
2018

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