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We design the Janus-like interlayer with two different functional faces for suppressing the shuttle of soluble lithium polysulfides (LPSs) in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). At the front face, the conductive functionalized carbon fiber paper (f-CFP) having oxygen-containing groups i.e., -OH and -COOH on its surface was placed face to face with the sulfur cathode serving as the first barrier accommodating the volume expansion during cycling process and the oxygen-containing groups can also adsorb the soluble LPSs via lithium bonds. At the back face, a crystalline coordination network of [Zn(H2PO4)2(TzH)2]n (ZnPTz) was coated on the back side of f-CFP serving as the second barrier retarding the left LPSs passing through the front face via both physical confinement and chemical adsorption (i.e. Li bonding). The LSB using the Janus-like interlayer exhibits a high reversible discharge capacity of 1, 416 mAh g−1 at 0.1C with a low capacity fading of 0.05% per cycle, 92% capacity retention after 200 cycles and ca. 100% coulombic efficiency. The fully charged LSB cell can practically supply electricity to a spinning motor with a nominal voltage of 3.0 V for 28 min demonstrating many potential applications., An Author Correction to this article was published on 01 June 2018.

application/pdf, Entomopathogenic fungi are known to control vector mosquito populations. Thus, understanding the infection dynamics of entomopathogenic fungi is crucial for the effective control of insect pests such as mosquitoes. We investigated the dynamics of Beauveria bassiana s.l. 60-2 infection of Anopheles stephensi by exposing the mosquito to fungus-impregnated filter paper through two infection routes and then comparing the mortality and extent of infection. Fungal development was observed after using this inoculation method with both the tarsus route and the proboscis route, but early mosquito death occurred only after infection through the proboscis route. Fungal hyphae invaded almost all the tissues and organs before or after the death of the host, and fungal invasion of the brain was highly correlated with mortality. Moreover, although all mosquitoes that were alive at various time points after inoculation showed no fungal infection in the brain, fungal infection was detected in the brain in all dead mosquitoes. Our results suggest that fungal invasion of the brain represents one of the factors affecting mortality, and that the proboscis route of infection is critical for the early death of vector mosquitoes.