Search

The paper presents a fault region identification method for the active distribution network (ADN) with limited PMU. First, PMU configuration and region division strategies are proposed based on the network topology. Next, the difference in three-phase current variations between the normal and fault regions of the ADN is analyzed. A multi-dimensional state monitoring matrix is built using the measured current data. The spectral norm ratio coefficient is constructed based on the 2-norm to lower the complexity of the multi-dimensional state monitoring matrix and quantify the difference in state changes before and after the fault occurs in each region. Then, the fault region is identified by combining each region's spectral norm ratio coefficient and the change of the current phase. Finally, an IEEE 33-node simulation model is created to simulate faults under different working conditions. According to the simulation results, the suggested approach is less impacted by fault type, neutral point grounding mode, and transition resistance. Furthermore, even if the communication does not match the rigorous synchronization requirements, the proposed method can still complete the fault identification of the distribution network correctly and has high robustness., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The plankton community structure and environmental factors in Dongting Lake were investigated during four seasons from September 2020 to August 2021. The results revealed 147 species from 58 genera and 7 phyla of phytoplankton and 84 species from 56 genera and 4 phyla of zooplankton in Dongting Lake. The characteristics of plankton communities varied with time and space. The temporal variation of phytoplankton abundance ranged from 43.5201 × 104 to 120.7968 × 104 cells/L and the spatial variation ranged from 18.6707 × 104 to 247.5542 × 104 cells/L. The temporal variation of zooplankton abundance ranged from 18 to 42 ind/L and the spatial variation ranged from 19 to 62 ind/L. The temporal and spatial variations of the abundance range values were much larger for phytoplankton than for zooplankton, with phytoplankton dominating. However, environmental factors in Dongting Lake vary more temporally than spatially, and drive more temporal than spatial variations in planktonic organisms. Based on the redundancy analysis WT, DO, and CODMn were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton, while WT, CODMn, NO2–N, and Chl-a were the main factors affecting the distribution of zooplankton. WT and CODMn were the common key influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Anabaena blue-green algae (ABGA) meal on the growth performance, digestibility, and physio-metabolic responses of Catla catla fingerlings (initial average weight 9.45 ± 0.15 g). Six iso-nitrogenous (30% crude protein) and iso-caloric (378.09 Kcal. digestible energy/100 g) diets were formulated: a control diet (A0, 0% ABGA) and five experimental diets with varying ABGA inclusion levels (A3: 3%, A6: 6%, A9: 9%, A12: 12%, A15: 15%). The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the experimental groups. Additionally, dietary ABGA did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) body carcass composition among different groups. However, amylase activity significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the A12 and A15 fed groups, whereas lipase and protease activities remained insignificant (P > 0.05) across all groups. Notably, oxidative stress responses (SOD; superoxide dismutase and CAT; catalase), carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (LDH; lactate dehydrogenase and MDH; malate dehydrogenase), and serum glucose levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) with higher ABGA inclusion. Conversely, serum albumin content significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the ABGA-fed groups. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) observed in serum total protein, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities among the experimental groups. Hematological parameters revealed that RBC (red blood cell) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while WBC (white blood cell) count significantly (P < 0.05) increased with higher dietary ABGA inclusion. In conclusion, the inclusion of dietary ABGA up to 15% did not impair nutrient utilization and supported normal growth performance in C. catla fingerlings. However, higher inclusion levels may have a detrimental effect on their growth, nutrient utilization, and physio-metabolic responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investgate the effects of potassium (K) application on the agronomic traits and fruit quality of Lycium barbarum L. (Goji), three levels of K fertilizer, namely LK (25 g/plant), CK (50 g/plant), and HK (75 g/plant), were applied to plants in phytotron for observing and measuring relevant indicators. The investigation involved seven agronomic traits: plant height, plant stem diameter, new branch increment, yield of fresh fruits per plant, dry fruit quantity within 50 g, ratio of different grade fruits, and ratio of longitudinal diameter to transverse diameter of Goji fruits. The results showed that K application level had significant effect on ratio of the longitudinal diameter to the transverse diameter of fresh Goji fruits, and that the influence on other agronomic traits was slight. In the meanwhile, the concentrations of amino acids, betaine, polysaccharides and flavonoids of Goji fruits in different levels of K fertilizer were tested. The K treatment increased the content of glutamic acid, and decreased that of flavonoids (P < 0.05), whereas the content of other amino acids, polysaccharides and betaine were unaffected. A total of 132 flavonoid metabolites was identified. Among them, K treatment up-regulated 36 metabolites and down-regulated 30 metabolites (P < 0.05). The results provided a basis for balanced K supply to regulate the agronomic traits and nutrients of Goji fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective cohort study conducted in Turkey between December 2020 and June 2022 aimed to assess antibiotic use, bacterial co-infections, and the associated factors on mortality in hospitalized patients with mild-to-severe COVID-19. Among the 445 patients, 80% received antibiotics, with fluoroquinolones being the most common choice, followed by beta-lactams and combinations. Various clinical and laboratory parameters, including symptoms, comorbidities, CCI, oxygen requirements, and CRP levels were observed to be elevated in the antibiotic group. Non-survivors had more ICU admissions and longer hospital stays compared to survivors. We conducted a multivariate Cox regression analysis to evaluate factors related to mortality. However, we did not find an association between antibiotic use and mortality [HR 2.7 (95% CI 0.4–20)]. The study identified significant factors associated with an antibiotic prescription, such as CCI (OR 1.6), CRP (OR 2.3), and ICU admission (OR 8.8), (p < 0.05). The findings suggest re-evaluating the necessity of antibiotics in COVID-19 cases based on clinical assessments, focusing on the presence of bacterial infections rather than empirical treatment. Further research is necessary to more accurately identify patients with bacterial co-infections who would benefit from antibiotic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of nisin in the fermentation medium can reduce the process's productivity. This research studied the potential of Nymphaea alba leaf powder (NALP) as a hydrophobic biosorbent for efficient in-situ nisin adsorption from the fermentation medium by docking and experimental analysis. Molecular docking analysis showed that di-galloyl ellagic acid, a phytochemical compound found in N. alba, had the highest affinity towards nisin. Enhancements in nisin adsorption were seen following pre-treatment of NAPL with HCl and MgCl2. A logistic growth model was employed to evaluate the growth dynamics of the biosorption capacity, offering valuable insights for process scalability. Furthermore, optimization through Response Surface Methodology elucidated optimal nisin desorption conditions by Liebig's law of the minimum, which posits that the scarcest resource governs production efficiency. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy pinpointed vital functional groups involved in biosorption. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the changing physical characteristics of the biosorbent after exposure to nisin. The findings designate NALP as a feasible adsorbent for nisin removal from the fermentation broth, thus facilitating its application in the purification of other biotechnological products based on growth and production optimization principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginseng, from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, is a widely used herbal medicine in Asian countries, known for its excellent therapeutic properties. The growth of P. ginseng is depend on specific and strict environments, with a preference for wetness but intolerance for flooding. Under excessive soil moisture, some irregular rust-like substances are deposited on the root epidermis, causing ginseng rusty symptoms (GRS). This condition leads to a significant reduce in yield and quality, resulting in substantial economic loses. However, there is less knowledge on the cause of GRS and there are no effective treatments available for its treatment once it occurs. Unsuitable environments lead to the generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the key indicators associated with the stress response during different physiological stages of GRS development. We observed a significant change in ROS level, MDA contents, antioxidant enzymes activities, and non-enzymatic antioxidants contents prior to the GRS. Through the analysis of soil features with an abundance of moisture, we further determined the source of ROS. The levels of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities in the inter-root soil of ginseng with GRS were significantly elevated compared to those of healthy ginseng. These enzymes boost nitric oxide (NO) levels, which in turn showed a favorable correlation with the GRS. The activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase first rose and then decreased as GRS developed. Excess soil moisture causes a decrease in oxygen levels. This activated NR and NOS in the soil, resulting in a production of excess NO. The NO then diffused into the ginseng root and triggered a burst of ROS through NADPH located on the cell membrane. Additionally, Fe2+ in soil was oxidized to red Fe3+, and finally led to GRS. This conclusion was also verified by the Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a precursor compound producing NO. The presence of NO from NR and NOS in water-saturated soil is responsible for the generation of ROS. Among these, NO is the main component that contribute to the occurrence of GRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of defects, such as pores, in materials processed using additive manufacturing represents a challenge during the manufacturing of many engineering components. Recently, ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) directed energy deposition (DED) has been shown to reduce porosity, promote grain refinement, and enhance mechanical performance in metal components. Whereas it is evident that the formation of such microstructural features is affected by the melt pool behavior, the specific mechanisms by which ultrasonic vibration (UV) influences the melt pool remain elusive. In the present investigation, UV was applied in situ to DED of 316L stainless steel single tracks and bulk parts. For the first time, high-speed video imaging and thermal imaging were implemented in situ to quantitatively correlate the application of UV to melt pool evolution in DED. Extensive imaging data were coupled with in-depth microstructural characterization to develop a statistically robust dataset describing the observed phenomena. Our findings show that UV increases the melt pool peak temperature and dimensions, while improving the wettability of injected particles with the melt pool surface and reducing particle residence time. Near the substrate, we observe that UV results in a 92% decrease in porosity, and a 54% decrease in dendritic arm spacing. The effect of UV on the melt pool is caused by the combined mechanisms of acoustic cavitation, ultrasound absorption, and acoustic streaming. Through in situ imaging we demonstrate quantitatively that these phenomena, acting simultaneously, effectively diminish with increasing build height and size due to acoustic attenuation, consequently decreasing the positive effect of implementing UV-A DED. Thus, this research provides valuable insight into the value of in situ imaging, as well as the effects of UV on DED melt pool dynamics, the stochastic interactions between the melt pool and incoming powder particles, and the limitations of build geometry on the UV-A DED technique., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Intercropping systems have garnered attention as a sustainable agricultural approach for efficient land use, increased ecological diversity in farmland, and enhanced crop yields. This study examined the effect of intercropping on the kiwifruit rhizosphere to gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between cover plants and kiwifruit in this sustainable agricultural system. Soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities were analyzed using the Kiwifruit-Agaricus blazei intercropping System. Moreover, a combined analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic sequencing was used to identify differential microbes and metabolites in the rhizosphere. Intercropping led to an increase in soil physicochemical and enzyme activity, as well as re-shaping the bacterial community and increasing microbial diversity. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, and Patescibacteria were the most abundant and diverse phyla in the intercropping system. Expression analysis further revealed that the bacterial genera BIrii41, Acidibacter, and Altererythrobacter were significantly upregulated in the intercropping system. Moreover, 358 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified between the monocropping and intercropping cultivation patterns, with fatty acyls, carboxylic acids and derivatives, and organooxygen compounds being significantly upregulated in the intercropping system. The KEGG metabolic pathways further revealed considerable enrichment of DMs in ABC transporters, histidine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. This study identified a significant correlation between 95 bacterial genera and 79 soil metabolites, and an interactive network was constructed to explore the relationships between these differential microbes and metabolites in the rhizosphere. This study demonstrated that Kiwifruit-Agaricus blazei intercropping can be an effective, labor-saving, economic, and sustainable practice for reshaping bacterial communities and promoting the accumulation and metabolism of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health is the basis for human survival and development and is an important symbol to evaluate a country's economic growth and social progress. This article measures the degree of sports industry agglomeration in different regions of China and uses the Moran index to verify the existence of global autocorrelation in sports agglomeration. Next, the spatial Durbin model was used to verify the spatial spillover effect of sports industry agglomeration on the health level of residents, and the following conclusions were obtained.Firstly, there is spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity in the clustering level of China's sports industry. The spatial distribution is extremely uneven, and different regions have formed relatively stable spatial patterns. Secondly, the degree of aggregation of the sports industry can reduce the number of per capita visits and have a positive spatial spillover effect on the health of residents. Not only can it promote the health level of residents in the province, but it also has spatial spillover effects on surrounding areas.Finally, based on the research results, the following conclusions are proposed in this article. Policy recommendations include increasing investment in sports talent cultivation, accelerating the construction of sports center cities, and increasing residents' attention to sports to improve residents' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfires, as an environmental filter, are pivotal ecological disturbances that reshape plant communities and soil dynamics, playing a crucial role in regulating biogeographic patterns and ecosystem services. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of wildfires on forest ecosystems, specifically focusing on the plant-soil feedback mechanisms within the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Utilizing Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM), we investigated the interrelationships among soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, species diversity, and community stability at varying post-fire recovery stages (5, 15, and 23 years). Results indicated that in the early recovery stages, rapid changes in soil properties such as decreased pH (p < 0.001) and increased nutrient availability facilitate the emergence of early successional species with high resource utilization traits. As the ecosystem evolved toward a climax community, the soil and vegetation exhibit increased stability. Furthermore, soil enzyme activities displayed dynamic patterns that corresponded with changes in soil nutrient content, directly influencing the regeneration and diversity of plant communities. Importantly, our study documented a transition in the influence of soil properties on community stability from direct positive effects in initial recovery phases to negative impacts in later stages, while indirect benefits accrue through increased species diversity and enzyme activity. Vegetation composition and structure changed dynamically with recovery time during community succession. Plant nutrient absorption and accumulation affected nutrient dynamics in the soil, influencing plant regeneration, distribution, and diversity. Our results underscore the complex interactions between soil and vegetation that drive the recovery dynamics post-wildfire, highlighting the resilience of forest ecosystems to fire disturbances. This study contributes to the understanding of post-fire recovery processes and offers valuable insights for the management and restoration of fire-affected forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pursuit of designing a bio-based catalyst for the dehydration of biomass (i.e., fructose) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, a novel catalytic composite was prepared by in-situ formation of an Al-based metal–organic framework in the presence of chitosan. To enhance the acidity of the as-prepared catalyst, it was sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, XPS, FTIR, SEM/EDX, TGA, and elemental mapping analysis were applied to validate the formation of the acidic composite. Fructose dehydration conditions were also optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM) and it was found that reaction in the presence of catalyst (23 wt%) in DMSO, at 110 °C for 40 min led to the formation of HMF in 97.1%. Noteworthy, the catalyst was recyclable and stable up to five runs with a minor reduction in its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletogenesis and hematopoiesis are interdependent. Niches form between cells of both lineages where microenvironmental cues support specific lineage commitment. Because of the complex topography of bone marrow (BM), the identity and function of cells within specialized niches has not been fully elucidated. Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1)-Cre mice have been utilized in bone studies as mature osteoblasts and osteocytes express DMP1. DMP1 has been identified in CXCL12+ cells and an undefined CD45+ population. We crossed DMP1-Cre with Ai9 reporter mice and analyzed the tdTomato+ (tdT+) population in BM and secondary hematopoietic organs. CD45+tdT+ express myeloid markers including CD11b and are established early in ontogeny. CD45+tdT+ cells phagocytose, respond to LPS and are radioresistant. Depletion of macrophages caused a significant decrease in tdT+CD11b+ myeloid populations. A subset of CD45+tdT+ cells may be erythroid island macrophages (EIM) which are depleted after G-CSF treatment. tdT+CXCL12+ cells are in direct contact with F4/80 macrophages, express RANKL and form a niche with B220+ B cells. A population of resident cells within the thymus are tdT+ and express myeloid markers and RANKL. In conclusion, in addition to targeting osteoblast/osteocytes, DMP1-Cre labels unique cell populations of macrophage and stromal cells within BM and thymus niches and expresses key microenvironmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is a standard therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, adverse events, including abdominal pain, are common. This study aimed to investigate and verify the feasibility of a nomogram model to predict severe abdominal pain after first conventional TACE (cTACE) among patients with HCC. Patients with HCC treated with cTACE between October 28, 2019, and August 5, 2022, at a single centre were enrolled (n = 216). Patients were divided into training and validation cohorts (ratio, 7:3). A visual analogue scale score between 7 and 10 was considered severe abdominal pain. A total of 127 (58.8%) patients complained of severe abdominal pain after first cTACE treatment. The nomogram considered age and tumour number and size. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination, with a C-index of 0.749 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.617, 0.881). Further, the C-index in the validation cohort reached 0.728 (95% CI 0.592, 0.864). The calibration curves showed ideal agreement between the prediction and real observations, and the nomogram decision curve analysis performed well. The nomogram model can provide an accurate prediction of severe abdominal pain in patients with HCC after first cTACE, aiding in the personalization of pain management and providing novel insights into hospital nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a multi-stage neural network approach for 3D reconstruction of coronary artery trees from uncalibrated 2D X-ray angiography images. This method uses several binarized images from different angles to reconstruct a 3D coronary tree without any knowledge of image acquisition parameters. The method consists of a single backbone network and separate stages for vessel centerline and radius reconstruction. The output is an analytical matrix representation of the coronary tree suitable for downstream applications such as hemodynamic modeling of local vessel narrowing (i.e., stenosis). The network was trained using a dataset of synthetic coronary trees from a vessel generator informed by both clinical image data and literature values on coronary anatomy. Our multi-stage network achieved sub-pixel accuracy in reconstructing vessel radius (RMSE = 0.16 ± 0.07 mm) and stenosis radius (MAE = 0.27 ± 0.18 mm), the most important feature used to inform diagnostic decisions. The network also led to 52% and 38% reduction in vessel centerline reconstruction errors compared to a single-stage network and projective geometry-based methods, respectively. Our method demonstrated robustness to overcome challenges such as vessel foreshortening or overlap in the input images. This work is an important step towards automated analysis of anatomic and functional disease severity in the coronary arteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the accuracy of recommendations, alleviate sparse data problems, and mitigate the homogenization of traditional socialized recommendations, a gated recurrent neural network is studied to construct a relevant user preference model to mine user project preferences. Through the Preference Attention Model Based on Social Relations (PASR), this study extracts user social influence preferences, performs preference fusion, and obtains a Recommendation Algorithm Based on User Preference and Social Influence (UPSI). The study demonstrates that the UPSI algorithm outperforms other methods like the SocialMF algorithm, yielding improved recommendation results, higher HR values, and larger NDCG values. Notably, when the K value equals 25 in Top-K recommendation and using the CiaoDVDs dataset, the NDCG value of the UPSI algorithm is 0.267, which is 0.120 higher than the SocialMF algorithm's score. Considering the user's interaction with the project and their social relationships can enhance the effectiveness of recommendations. Unlike other variants, the UPSI algorithm achieves a maximum hit rate HR value of 0.3713 and NDCG value of 0.2108 in the Douban dataset. In the CiaoDVDs dataset, the maximum hit rate HR value of UPSI is 0.4856, 0.0333 higher than UPS-A, 0.0601 higher than UPS, and 0.0901 higher than UP. Research methods can effectively improve the homogenization problem of traditional socialized recommendations, increase algorithm hit rates and NDCG values. Compared to previous studies, research methods can more fully explore the preference correlation between users, making recommended movies more in line with user requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neospora infections in equine are associated with reproductive disorders and neurological diseases. Nevertheless, Egypt has no epidemiological information on this parasite in equine. This study determined the prevalence of Neospora spp. infection in 325 equines from three Egyptian governorates located at Northern Egypt using cELISA. The prevalence of antibodies against Neospora spp. was 19% (95% CI: 14.09–25.05) in horse, 34.1% (95%CI: 24.92–44.69) in donkey and 26.7% (95% CI: 15.97–41.04) in mule. In comparison to horse, donkey had a considerably higher chance of contracting Neospora spp. infection (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.78–4.13; P = 0.016). The risk was also higher in freely grazing animals (OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 0.95–12.78; P = 0.059). Moreover, yearling animals (12–24 months) (OR = 5.03, 95% CI: 1.51–16.80; P = 0.009) and those with natural breeding (OR = 11.80, 95% CI: 3.24–42.99, P < 0.0001) and a history of early abortion (OR = 7.04, 95% CI: 3.01–16.47; P < 0.0001) also showed a greater risk of seropositivity. The risk of Neospora infection increased significantly in equines contacted with dogs (OR = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.76–15.10; P = 0.003). This the first serological study to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora spp. in equine in Egypt. Further studies are necessary to identify the species of Neospora and to understand the role of above-mentioned risk factors in spreading of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognized as a desirable class of porous materials for energy storage applications, despite their limited conductivity. In the present study, Co-MOF-71 was fabricated as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode at ambient temperature using a fast and straightforward, one-pot cold plasma method. A supercapacitor electrode based on Co-MOF@rGO was also synthesized by adding reduced graphene oxide (rGO) during processing to increase the capacitance retention and stability after 4000 cycles from 80 to 95.4%. The Co-MOF-71 electrode provided a specific capacitance (Cs) of 651.7 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1, whereas the Co-MOF@rGO electrode produced a Cs value of 967.68 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1. In addition, we fabricated an asymmetric device (Co-MOF@rGO||AC) using Co-MOF-rGO as a high-rate positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode. This hybrid device has a remarkable specific energy and power density. The combination of MOFs with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in a cold plasma environment resulted in the formation of a three-dimensional nanostructure composed of nanosheets. This nanostructure exhibited an increased number of electroactive sites, providing benefits for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. HCC with liver fluke infection could harbor unique biological behaviors. This study was aimed at investigating radiomics features of HCC with liver fluke infection and establishing a model to predict the expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) as well as prognosis at the same time. A total of 134 HCC patients were included. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of all patients were acquired. Radiomics features of the tumor were extracted and then data dimensionality was reduced. The radiomics model was established to predict liver fluke infection and the radiomics score (Radscore) was calculated. There were 11 features in the four-phase combined model. The efficiency of the combined model increased significantly compared to each single-phase MRI model. Radscore was an independent predictor of liver fluke infection. It was also significantly different between different expression of CK7/ CK19. Meanwhile, liver fluke infection was associated with CK7/CK19 expression. A cut-off value was set up and all patients were divided into high risk and low risk groups of CK7/CK19 positive expression. Radscore was also an independent predictor of these two biomarkers. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) of negative liver fluke infection group were significantly better than the positive group. OS and RFS of negative CK7 and CK19 expression were also better, though not significantly. Positive liver fluke infection and CK19 expression prediction groups harbored significantly worse OS and RFS, survival of positive CK7 expression prediction was unsatisfying as well. A radiomics model was established to predict liver fluke infection among HCC patients. This model could also predict CK7 and CK19 expression. OS and RFS could be foreseen by this model at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a direct energy deposition (DED) process that uses arc welding. It is a method of stacking beads made by melting metal wires with an arc heat source generated by a short-circuit current. Compared to other metal additive manufacturing methods, this process can be used to quickly produce large and complex-shaped metal parts. However, due to the multi-bead stacking method, the surface is highly curved and the dimensional errors are large; therefore, post-processing of the surface by cutting is required. Impellers, which are widely used in various industries, have complex shapes and high material consumption during cutting; therefore, the WAAM process can improve the manufacturing efficiency. In this study, a manufacturing process for an impeller with a diameter of 160 mm was developed by using the WAAM process. A 6-bladed fan-type impeller used for high-pressure fluid delivery was similarly modeled, and the product was additively manufactured using an Inconel 625 alloy wire. Manufacturing conditions that ensure productivity and quality or the product were determined through experimentation. Considering the post-processing of the WAAM-fabricated structure, the robot and tool paths of the impeller model were designed, and the error in the process coordinate system caused by attaching and detaching the workpiece between the two processes was reduced. Through the post-processing of the WAAM-fabricated structure, the production efficiency and process reliability were verified when the conventional manufacturing method and WAAM process were applied., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In order to develop a method for the production of crack-free cladding layers, we combined surface texturing technology with laser cladding, establishing a multi-field coupled numerical simulation model. A separate investigation was conducted into the temperature, stress, and fluid fields in laser cladding processes with and without texturing, seeking optimal cladding parameters, and conducted experiments. The results of the numerical simulations indicate that pre-set texturing effectively reduces the temperature gradient during the cladding process, thereby making the thermal cycle curve smoother. The residual stresses in the X, Y, and Z directions are reduced by 34.84%, 3.94%, and 50.22%, respectively. The introduction of texturing reduces the internal flow velocity of the melt pool, preventing the occurrence of a double vortex effect. Experimental results show that the residual stresses in the X, Y, and Z directions of the predefined textured cladding layer are reduced by approximately 41%, 8%, and 47%, respectively, compared to the non-textured cladding layer. This effectively improves the surface roughness and internal grain size of the cladding layer, with no significant defects at the metallurgical bonding positions, providing a reference for future improvements in cladding layer quality., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The underground pipeline network in the city is so intertwined that the concealed excavation of a metro station inevitably leads to a series of underground pipelines, causing settlement deformation and further risk of leakage. The existing theoretical methods for analysing settlement deformation are mostly for circular chambers, whereas metro stations have a nearly square cross-sectional form and different construction methods are very different, which have a greater impact on the deformation of the overlying pipelines. In this paper, based on the random medium theory and Peck's formula, the improved random medium model for predicting ground deformation is modified, the correction coefficients λ and η for the influence of different construction methods are proposed, the prediction model of underground pipeline deformation under different construction methods is obtained, and the numerical models of four work methods commonly used in urban tunnel construction: pillar hole method, side hole method, middle hole method and Pile-Beam-Arch (PBA) method are constructed through simulation, and the mathematical analysis software was used to fit the results to the model and obtain the range of correction coefficients λ and η for each of the four methods, and the accuracy and applicability of the theoretical model was verified by combining with actual engineering cases. The influence on the overlying pipes is in descending order: side hole method, pillar hole method, middle hole method and PBA method. The theoretical model provided in this paper for predicting the deformation of pipes in any overlying strata of the tunnel is well suited to the actual project and has a high degree of correlation with the measured results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. IRSp53 family members, such as BAIAP2L1, participate in the progression of multiple tumors. However, the role of BAIAP2L2 in HCC remains unclear. This study comprehensively analyzed the potential role of BAIAP2L2 in HCC using bioinformatic techniques. The expression of BAIAP2L2 in HCC was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases and in vitro experiments. In addition, the prognostic value of BAIAP2L2 in HCC was analyzed using the TCGA database. TCGA and GEO database were used to analyze the role of BAIAP2L2 in immune features. We also explored the function of BAIAP2L2 in methylation and cuprotosis. The CellMiner database was used to analyze the relationship between BAIAP2L2 expression and drug sensitivity. Our study revealed that BAIAP2L2 is overexpressed in HCC and promotes the migration and invasion of HCC cells. BAIAP2L2 may affect the prognosis of HCC by regulating immunity, methylation, and cuprotosis. BAIAP2L2 is a novel HCC prognostic gene involved in immune infiltration associated with cuprotosis and may be a potential prognosis and therapeutic target for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithospermeae Dumort., a tribe under the subfamily Boraginoidae, is a perennial herb containing approximately 470 species under 26 genera, primarily distributed in temperate and tropical regions. To gain a deeper understanding of the medicinal plants of Lithospermeae and better protect and develop plant medicinal resources, the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and traditional use of Lithospermeae with medicinal value were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer sequence. Through spatial analysis and the species distribution model, the spatial distribution pattern of Lithospermeae medicinal plants was analyzed. Meanwhile, the relevant targets and pathways involved in the pharmacological effects of commonly used medicinal plants were predicted using network pharmacology to further explore the genetic origin of Lithospermeae and enrich the pharmaphylogeny of medicinal plants. In this study, the chemical composition, traditional efficacy, and modern pharmacological activity of Lithospermeae were collected for the first time and analyzed in combination with the geographical distribution model, molecular phylogeny, and network pharmacology. Based on our findings, the pharmaphylogeny of Lithospermeae was preliminarily discussed, providing the scientific basis for basic research regarding Lithospermeae. Concurrently, this study explored the relationship between the development of the regional medicinal plant industry and the protection of biodiversity. Furthermore, our findings provide direction and theoretical guidance for the study of the phylogenetic relationships in medicinal plants and the development of Lithospermeae medicinal plant resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Artificial Reefs (ARs) have been used worldwide for marine habitat and coral reef restoration. However, the microbial community structure that colonize the ARs and their progressive development have been seldom investigated. In this study, the successive development of the microbial communities on environmentally friendly Artificial Biological Reef structures (ABRs)R made of special concrete supported with bioactive materials collected from marine algal sources were studied. Three seasons (spring, summer and autumn), three coral reef localities and control models (SCE) without bioactive material and (NCE) made of normal cement were compared. The structure of the microbial pattern exhibited successive shifts from the natural environment to the ABRs supported with bioactive materials (ABAM). Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetota were shown to be the most three dominant phyla. Their relative abundances pointedly increased on ABAM and SCE models compared to the environment. Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) Richness and Shannon index were obviously higher on ABAM models and showed significant positive relationship with that of macrobenthos than those on the controls and the natural reef (XR). Our results offer successful establishment of healthy microbial films on the ABR surfaces enhanced the restoration of macrobenthic community in the damaged coral reefs which better understands the ecological role of the ABRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the seedling and adult plant phases, pot experiments were carried out to enhance the physiological-biochemical characteristics of cucumber, guarantee its high yield, and ensure its cultivation of quality. Trichoderma harzianum conidia agents at 104, 105, 106, and 107 cfu g−1 were applied in accordance with the application of Fusarium oxysporum powder at concentrations of 104 cfu/g on the protective enzyme activity, physiological and biochemical indices, seedling quality, resilience to Fusarium wilt, quality, and yield traits. Fusarium oxysporum powder at 104 cfu g−1 was used to treat CK1, while Fusarium oxysporum powder and T. harzianum conidia agents were not used to treat CK2. The results show that different T. harzianum agents improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in cucumber seedlings, improved chlorophyll content, root activity, root-shoot ratio, and seedling strength index, and decreased malondialdehyde (MAD) content (P < 0.05). T3, a combination of 104 cfu g−1 Fusarium oxysporum powder and 106 cfu g−1 T. harzianum conidia agents, had the greatest promoting effect. The effects of different T. harzianum conidia agents and their application amounts on the control of cucumber Fusarium wilt were explored. T3 had the best promotion impact, and the control effect of cucumber Fusarium wilt at seedling stage and adult stage reached 83.98% and 70.08%, respectively. The quality index and yield formation of cucumber were also increased by several T. harzianum agents, with T3 having the strongest promotion effects. In comparison to CK1, the soluble sugar, Vc, soluble protein, and soluble solid contents of T3 cucumber fruit were 120.75%, 39.14%, 42.26%, and 11.64% higher (P < 0.05), respectively. In comparison to CK2, the soluble sugar, Vc, soluble protein, and soluble solid contents of T3 cucumber fruit were 66.06%, 24.28%, 36.15%, and 7.95% higher (P < 0.05), respectively. In comparison to CK1 and CK2, the yields of T3 cucumber were 50.19% and 35.86% higher, respectively. As a result, T. harzianum agents can enhance the physiological and biochemical traits of cucumber seedlings, raise the quality of cucumber seedlings, have a controlling impact on Fusarium wilt, and increase the yield and quality of cucumber fruit. The greatest effectiveness of T3 comes from its use. In this study, Trichoderma harzianum conidia agents demonstrated good impacts on cucumber yield formation and plant disease prevention, demonstrating their high potential as biocontrol agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical and biological properties of polylactic acid (PLA) need to be further improved in order to be used for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Utilizing a material extrusion technique, three-dimensional (3D) PLA-Ti6Al4V (Ti64) scaffolds with open pores and interconnected channels were successfully fabricated. In spite of the fact that the glass transition temperature of PLA increased with the addition of Ti64, the melting and crystallization temperatures as well as the thermal stability of filaments decreased slightly. However, the addition of 3–6 wt% Ti64 enhanced the mechanical properties of PLA, increasing the ultimate compressive strength and compressive modulus of PLA-3Ti64 to 49.9 MPa and 1.9 GPa, respectively. Additionally, the flowability evaluations revealed that all composite filaments met the print requirements. During the plasma treatment of scaffolds, not only was the root-mean-square (Rq) of PLA (1.8 nm) increased to 60 nm, but also its contact angle (90.4°) significantly decreased to (46.9°). FTIR analysis confirmed the higher hydrophilicity as oxygen-containing groups became more intense. By virtue of the outstanding role of plasma treatment as well as Ti64 addition, a marked improvement was observed in Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining), and differentiation (Alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining). Based on these results, it appears that the fabricated scaffolds have potential applications in BTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo possesses a hybrid nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme, NR2-2/2HbN, which has the potential to convert NO to nitrate for assimilation into biomass. In previous research, NR transcription in H. akashiwo was induced by nitrate while NR activity was inhibited by ammonium. Here, the capacity of H. akashiwo to use NO in the presence of nitrate and/or ammonium was investigated to understand the regulation of NO assimilation. Continuous cultures of H. akashiwo were acclimated to growth on nitrate, ammonium, or a mixture of both. Aliquots from these cultures were spiked with 15N-labeled NO. The expression of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation was evaluated, as well as nitrate reductase activity and assimilation of 15N-labeled nitrogen into algal biomass. Results showed that NO induced expression and activity of NR, and upregulated expression of GOGAT regardless of the presence of other inorganic nitrogen sources, while GS expression decreased over time. Furthermore, 15NO uptake and assimilation was significantly higher in cultures acclimated for growth on ammonium compared to cultures acclimated for growth on nitrate alone. Assimilation of NO may provide H. akashiwo with a competitive advantage in N-poor environments or areas with elevated NO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of low efficiency of recycling process waste by gas–solid two-phase flow of the shot blasting machine recycling device, a method and structure by increasing the negative pressure value and optimizing the outlet pipe position are proposed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), discrete element method (DEM) and discrete phase model (DPM) were used to study the waste recovery efficiency at different pressure outlet conditions and outlet pipe locations. The validity of the model was verified by velocity tests at the outlet and inlet compared with simulations. The effect of particle size and particle generation rate on solid particle recovery efficiency was further investigated by analyzing the flow field distribution of the recovery unit. The results show that the maximum velocity of the gas phase in the recovery device increases with the increase of the absolute value of the outlet pressure, when the outlet pressure is -6500 Pa, the maximum velocity is 67.59 m/s. When the absolute value of the outlet pressure is greater than 6000 Pa, a small amount of steel shot particles is discharged from the recovery bin under the action of the outlet pressure, resulting in the loss of steel shot particles. After the outlet pipe position optimization, the steel shot particle recovery efficiency increased by 10% and the waste particle recovery efficiency increased by 18.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate intake of micronutrients is necessary to reduce widespread health issues linked to low intake of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), boron (B), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). Because more than two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiency globally, to address this problem, highly-nutritious ancestral Peruvian crops like tarwi can be an important component of food security. Thus, our work explores the tarwi micronutrient variability to select biofortified genotypes without affecting seed size and weight. Tarwi is a biofortified food because of its seeds' Fe, Zn, and B content. Furthermore, Boron showed a positive correlation between seed size and weight. At the same time, copper showed a negative correlation. Finally, six accessions (P14, P16, P21, T05, T08, and T25) that are biofortified for Fe, Zn, and B with excellent seed size and weight and with adequate levels of Cu and Mn; adding value to Peruvian biodiversity at a low cost is a starting point for a breeding program to prevent micronutrient disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric patients have become the focus of public attention, and current research suggests a possible link between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and mental illness. To understand the current situation of T. gondii infection in psychiatric patients in the study area, the relationship between T. gondii infection and mental diseases, and the influence of T. gondii infection on psychiatric patients, this study examined 3101 psychiatric inpatients from 2015 to 2020. All people included in the study were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody and anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody. Additionally, 4040 individuals from the general population were included as controls. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were carried out to determine the association between psychiatric disorders and T. gondii infection. The seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody was 0.23% (7/3101) in psychiatric inpatients and 0.11% (2/1846) in the general population, and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). The seroprevalence rate of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies was 3.03% (94/3101) in psychiatric inpatients and 1.05% (23/2194) in the general population, and there was a significant difference (p < 0.01). The seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody in psychiatric inpatients was significantly different between different age groups (p < 0.01). The positivity rate of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies was 5.17% (3/58) in patients with mania, 3.24% (8/247) in patients with recurrent depressive disorder, 3.54% (13/367) in patients with depression, 3.22% (39/1213) in patients with schizophrenia, 2.41% (18/748) in patients with bipolar disorder and 2.25% (2/89) in patients with dissociative disorder. Compared to the general population, patients with mania (OR = 5.149 95% CI 1.501–17.659 p = 0.009), schizophrenia (OR = 3.136 95% CI 1.864–5.275 p = 0.000), depression (OR = 3.466 95% CI 1.740–6.906 p = 0.000), recurrent depressive disorder (OR = 3.160 95% CI 1.398–7.142 p = 0.006) and bipolar disorder (OR = 2.327 95% CI 1.249–4.337 p = 0.008) were found to be significantly associated with the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody. This study suggests that the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in psychiatric patients was higher and that age was an influencing factor of T. gondii infection in psychiatric patients. T. gondii infection was associated with mania, schizophrenia, depression, recurrent depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a critical risk factor for postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to firstly develop and validate nomograms based on MVI grade for predicting recurrence, especially early recurrence, and overall survival in patients with early-stage HCC after curative resection. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with early-stage HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (FHFU) and Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University (MHH). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyse disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Nomogram models were constructed on the datasets from the 70% samples of and FHFU, which were validated using bootstrap resampling with 30% samples as internal validation and data of patients from MHH as external validation. A total of 703 patients with early-stage HCC were included to create a nomogram for predicting recurrence or metastasis (DFS nomogram) and a nomogram for predicting survival (OS nomogram). The concordance indexes and calibration curves in the training and validation cohorts showed optimal agreement between the predicted and observed DFS and OS rates. The predictive accuracy was significantly better than that of the classic HCC staging systems., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Acidic and chemical inhibitor stresses undermine efficient lactic acid bioproduction from lignocellulosic feedstock. Requisite coping treatments, such as detoxification and neutralizing agent supplementation, can be eliminated if a strong microbial host is employed in the process. Here, we exploited an originally robust yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BTCC3, as a production platform for lactic acid. This wild-type strain exhibited a rapid cell growth in the presence of various chemical inhibitors compared to laboratory and industrial strains, namely BY4741 and Ethanol-red. Pathway engineering was performed on the strain by introducing an exogenous LDH gene after disrupting the PDC1 and PDC5 genes. Facilitated by this engineered strain, high cell density cultivation could generate lactic acid with productivity at 4.80 and 3.68 g L−1 h−1 under semi-neutralized and non-neutralized conditions, respectively. Those values were relatively higher compared to other studies. Cultivation using real lignocellulosic hydrolysate was conducted to assess the performance of this engineered strain. Non-neutralized fermentation using non-detoxified hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse as a medium could produce lactic acid at 1.69 g L−1 h−1, which was competitive to the results from other reports that still included detoxification and neutralization steps in their experiments. This strategy could make the overall lactic acid bioproduction process simpler, greener, and more cost-efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasma gondii, one of the important zoonotic parasites, has been detected in lots of hosts including humans, with a widespread prevalence. The products of equids, such as meat and milk, have been closely related to humans' life. As the intermediate hosts, little is known about equids toxoplasmosis in Jilin province. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infections in equids from Jilin, northeastern China. In this study, a total of 245 blood samples of equids (192 horses, 25 donkeys and 28 mules) were collected from six localities in Jilin Province from March 2018 to August 2020 and detected by PCR. The occurrence rate of T. gondii B1 gene was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression to evaluate risk factors associated with the positive rates in equids. Among 245equids, T. gondii molecular occurrence was 9.0% (22/245). The highest positive rate was observed in equids from Dongfeng (16.3%) followed by Taonan (10.0%), Wangqing (8.3%), Antu (8.0%), Tonghua (8.0%) and Shulan (2.3%). Statistical analysis revealed that farming model and region may be two main risk factors. Data analysis indicated that the positive rate in captive farm (3.2%, 95% CI: 0.0–6.7%) was significantly lower than those in cage-free farm (P < 0.05), and the region of Shulan was protective factor (OR: 0.063, 95% CI: 0.007–0.559).The results of our study alert people to be aware that the present of equids T. gondii infection in this region, and contribute to a prevention and treatment program for toxoplasmosis in Jilin, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased in these years. DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway is required in response to DNA damage Gene mutations in DDR pathway play an important role in different stages of tumorigenesis and development. Based on the importance of DDR pathway in precision therapy of multiple cancers, we analyzed DDR gene mutations in Chinese patients with HCC. The results showed that (tumor mutation burden) TMB was significantly higher in HCC patients who carried somatic mutations in DDR than in non-carriers, and TMB in patients with DS, MMR mutations and DDR genes mutations such as RAD50, MLH1, MSH2, CHEK2 was significantly higher than that in wild-type patients. Based on the results of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing, we are trying to provide clues for targeted therapy and provide feasible basis for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in vitro Hohenheim gas test was conducted to analyze the fermentation end-products from 17 cultivars of eight polyphenol containing forage species. The polyphenol composition and proanthocyanidin (PA) structural features of all the cultivars were analyzed with UPLC-MS/MS in leaves of vegetative or generative plants. The samples were incubated with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG, a tannin-binding agent) to separate the tannin-effect on methane (CH4, ml/200 mg DM) production from that of forage quality. Sulla and big trefoil, two particularly PA rich species, were found to have the highest CH4 reduction potential of up to 47% when compared to the samples without PEG. However, concomitant reduction in gas production (GP, ml/200 mg DM) of up to 44% was also observed. An increase in both GP and CH4 production under PEG treatments, confirms the role of tannins in CH4 reduction. Moreover, PA structural features and concentration were found to be an important source of variation for CH4 production from PA containing species. Despite having low polyphenol concentrations, chicory and plantain were found to reduce CH4 production without reducing GP. Additionally, interspecies variability was found to be higher than intraspecies variability, and these results were consistent across growth stages, indicating the findings' representativeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices with high charging/discharging speeds and power densities. To improve their poor stability, we fabricated electrodes by integrating perovskite materials (La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Co0.5O3-δ, LSMCO) possessing redox reaction ability with graphene nanoplatelets exhibiting good electronic properties. One of the resultant composites (L25G70) demonstrated high capacitance and excellent capacitance retention (95% after 5000 cycles). These results are superior to other electrodes (L50G45 and L75G20) containing a larger ratio of LSMCO, even L75G20 did not exhibit supercapacitor behavior after 3000 cycles. GN can induce structural distortion in LSMCO, thereby the high amount of adsorbed oxygen per lattice oxygen can explain the best electrochemical performance of L25G70, while structural collapse rationalized the failure of L75G20. The findings of this study demonstrated that the use of LSMCO can improve the cycling stability of supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity is one of the predominant abiotic stress factors that influence the growth and productivity of plants. Salinity adversely impacts the growth responses via ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, impaired nutrients uptake, hormonal disparity, and the over-production of reactive oxygen species. To study the effects of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) and foliar treatments (dH2O, 2 g L−1 Dobogen biostimulant, 2 g L−1 KNO3, and 2 g L−1d-glucose) on the growth and physiological responses of Tanacetum balsamita, a factorial experiment was conducted based on the completely randomized design at the research greenhouse of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran. The results showed the significant interaction effects of salinity and foliar sprays on chlorophyll a, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Si content, K/Na ratio, and total phenolics and flavonoids content. The highest phenolic content was acquired with 100 mM salinity and foliar spray of Dobogen and glucose, 50 mM NaCl × KNO3 application, and 50 mM salinity × no-foliar application. The highest K/Na ratio was observed in control plants and controls × KNO3 and/or Dobogen application. The greatest Si content was recorded with no-salinity × Dobogen and KNO3 applications and no-saline × no-foliar (control) plants. The independent effects of treatments influenced malondialdehyde, flavonoids, proline contents, and catalase activity. Chlorophyll b and superoxide dismutase were affected by the salinity. Total soluble solids and Ca2+ content were responsive to the foliar applications. Malondialdehyde and proline content was the highest at 150 mM salinity. Salinity adversely affected the physiological responses of costmary. However, foliar treatments partially ameliorated the salinity effect, and the results with more detailed studies would be advisable to the extension section and pioneer farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite, causing one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in the world. In the present study water sources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China, where the hygienic infrastructure is still developing, were investigated. A total of 214 water samples of 10 L volume, were collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a slaughterhouse and rivers. The samples were filtered and then analysed using real-time PCR and multilocus genotyping. T. gondii DNA was found in four (1.9%) samples representing T. gondii type I; in one of them T. gondii-like oocysts were also confirmed microscopically. The approximate level of contamination of positive samples ranged between 30 and 2300 T. gondii sporozoites. The results of this study confirmed that T. gondii is present in wastewater in the greater metropolitan area of Xining and a neighbouring county. Contamination of wastewater at this level constitutes rather a moderate source of Toxoplasma infections in humans and animals. It suggests, however, a link between environmental exposure of animals, meat processing facilities and WWTPs. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation describing T. gondii detection in wastewater and environmental water samples collected from the territory of P.R. China using sensitive molecular tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication based on additive manufacturing (AM) process from a three-dimensional (3D) model has received significant attention in the past few years. Although 3D printing was introduced for production of prototypes, it has been currently used for fabrication of end-use products. Therefore, the mechanical behavior and strength of additively manufactured parts has become of significant importance. 3D printing has been affected by different parameters during preparation, printing, and post-printing processes, which have influence on quality and behavior of the additively manufactured components. This paper discusses the effects of two printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured components. In detail, polylactic acid material was used to print test coupons based on fused deposition modeling process. The specimens with five different raster orientations were printed with different printing speeds. Later, a series of tensile tests was performed under static loading conditions. Based on the results, strength and stiffness of the examined specimens have been determined. Moreover, dependency of the strength and elastic modulus of 3D-printed parts on the raster orientation has been documented. In the current study, fractured specimens were visually investigated by a free-angle observation system. The experimental findings can be used for the development of computational models and next design of structural components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of the Viola genus play important roles in traditional Asian herbal medicine. This study investigates the ability of Viola odorata L. extracts to inhibit Na + ,K + -ATPase, an essential animal enzyme responsible for membrane potential maintenance. The root extract of V. odorata strongly inhibited Na + ,K + -ATPase, while leaf and seeds extracts were basically inactive. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomic approach was used to identify the chemical principle of the root extract's activity, resulting in the detection of 35,292 features. Candidate active compounds were selected by correlating feature area with inhibitory activity in 14 isolated fractions. This yielded a set of 15 candidate compounds, of which 14 were preliminarily identified as procyanidins. Commercially available procyanidins (B1, B2, B3 and C1) were therefore purchased and their ability to inhibit Na + ,K + -ATPase was investigated. Dimeric procyanidins B1, B2 and B3 were found to be inactive, but the trimeric procyanidin C1 strongly inhibited Na + ,K + -ATPase with an IC 50 of 4.5 µM. This newly discovered inhibitor was docked into crystal structures mimicking the Na 3 E 1 ∼P·ADP and K 2 E 2 ·P i states to identify potential interaction sites within Na + ,K + -ATPase. Possible binding mechanisms and the principle responsible for the observed root extract activity are discussed., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

The aim of this work to study an efficient laccase producing fungus Ganoderma leucocontextum, which was identified by ITS regions of DNA and phylogenetic tree was constructed. This study showed the laccase first-time from G. leucocontextum by using medium containing guaiacol. The growth cultural (pH, temperature, incubation days, rpm) and nutritional (carbon and nitrogen sources) conditions were optimized, which enhanced the enzyme production up to 4.5-folds. Laccase production increased 855 U/L at 40 °C. The pH 5.0 was suitable for laccase secretion (2517 U/L) on the 7th day of incubation at 100 rpm (698.3 U/L). Glucose and sucrose were good carbon source to enhance the laccase synthesis. The 10 g/L beef (4671 U/L) and yeast extract (5776 U/L) were the best nitrogen source for laccase secretion from G. leucocontextum. The laccase was purified from the 80% ammonium sulphate precipitations of protein identified by nucleotides sequence. The molecular weight (65.0 kDa) of purified laccase was identified through SDS and native PAGE entitled as Glacc110. The Glacc110 was characterized under different parameters. It retained > 90% of its activity for 16 min incubation at 60 °C in acidic medium (pH 4.0). This enzyme exerted its optimal activity at pH 3.0 and temperature 70 °C with guaiacol substrate. The catalytic parameters K m and V max was 1.658 (mM) and 2.452 (mM/min), respectively. The thermo stability of the laccase produced by submerged fermentation of G. leucocontextum has potential for industrial and biotechnology applications. The results remarked the G. leucocontextum is a good source for laccase production., (© 2022. The Author(s).)