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Your search keyword '"Ni, Bing"' showing total 21 results
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21 results on '"Ni, Bing"'

20. Unravelling the spatial variation of nitrous oxide emissions from a step-feed plug-flow full scale wastewater treatment plant

Author

Zhiguo Yuan, Bing-Jie Ni, Liu Ye, S. R. Watts, Yuting Pan, Ben van den Akker, Katherine Reid, Pan, Yuting, Van Den Akker, Ben, Ye, Liu, Ni, Bing-Jie, Watts, Shane, Reid, Katherine, and Yuan, Zhiguo

Subjects
Denitrification, Nitrogen, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Nitrous Oxide, Biomass, chemistry.chemical_element, treatment plant, 02 engineering and technology, Wastewater, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Water Purification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bioreactors, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, activated sludge reactors (ASR), Waste Water, wastewater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, Multidisciplinary, Sewage, organic carbon, Australia, Environmental engineering, Nitrous oxide, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, 020801 environmental engineering, Waste treatment, Activated sludge, chemistry, Environmental science, Sewage treatment
Abstract

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Plug-flow activated sludge reactors (ASR) that are step-feed with wastewater are widely adopted in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to their ability to maximise the use of the organic carbon in wastewater for denitrification. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are expected to vary along these reactors due to pronounced spatial variations in both biomass and substrate concentrations. However, to date, no detailed studies have characterised the impact of the step-feed configuration on emission variability. Here we report on the results from a comprehensive online N2O monitoring campaign, which used multiple gas collection hoods to simultaneously measure emission along the length of a full-scale, stepfed, plug-flow ASR in Australia. The measured N2O fluxes exhibited strong spatial-temporal variation along the reactor path. The step-feed configuration had a substantial influence on the N2O emissions, where the N2O emission factors in sections following the first and second step feed were 0.68% ± 0.09% and 3.5% ± 0.49% of the nitrogen load applied to each section. The relatively high biomass-specific nitrogen loading rate in the second section of the reactor was most likely cause of the high emissions from this section.

Published
2016

21. NKG2D + CD4 + T Cells Kill Regulatory T Cells in a NKG2D-NKG2D Ligand- Dependent Manner in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Author

Yang D, Tian Z, Zhang M, Yang W, Tang J, Wu Y, and Ni B

Subjects
Adoptive Transfer, Animals, Female, Interferon-alpha metabolism, Ligands, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred MRL lpr, Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta metabolism, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic immunology, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic metabolism, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory metabolism
Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) features a decreased pool of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T regulatory (Treg) cells. We had previously observed NKG2D + CD4 + T cell expansion in contrast to a decreased pool of Treg cells in SLE patients, but whether NKG2D + CD4 + T cells contribute to the decreased Treg cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the NKG2D + CD4 + T cells efficiently killed NKG2D ligand (NKG2DL) + Treg cells in vitro, whereby the surviving Treg cells in SLE patients showed no detectable expression of NKG2DLs. It was further found that MRL/lpr lupus mice have significantly increased percentage of NKG2D + CD4 + T cells and obvious decreased percentage of Treg cells, as compared with wild-type mice. Adoptively transferred NKG2DL + Treg cells were found to be efficiently killed in MRL/lpr lupus mice, with NKG2D neutralization remarkably attenuating this killing. Anti-NKG2D or anti-interferon-alpha receptor (IFNAR) antibodies treatment in MRL/lpr mice restored Treg cells numbers and markedly ameliorated the lupus disease. These results suggest that NKG2D + CD4 + T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE by killing Treg cells in a NKG2D-NKG2DL-dependent manner. Targeting the NKG2D-NKG2DL interaction might be a potential therapeutic strategy by which Treg cells can be protected from cytolysis in SLE patients.

Published
2017
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