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When individuals face life pressure or significant family changes, individuals with better family adaptation can better survive the crisis. Although the influencing factors of family adaptation have been investigated, the application of potential profile analysis has yet to be found. This analytical approach can reveal different potential categories of family adaptation, providing new perspectives for theoretical development and interventions. This study used latent profile analysis to explore family adaptation levels in breast cancer patients and identify different latent categories, examining their characteristic differences. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jinzhou, China, from July 2023 to March 2024. The questionnaire included Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, Benefit Finding Scale (BFS), Dyadic Coping Scale (DCI), Chinese Perceived Stress Scales (PSS), and Family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scales (FACES). Mplus8.3 and SPSS26.0 software were used for data analysis. The latent profile analysis (LPA) method was used to fit the family adaptations of breast cancer patients. Three latent categories of family adaptation were identified: low-level family adaptation (21.5%), medium level family adaptation (47.8%), and high-level family adaptation (30.6%). All 14 items with high levels of family adaptation scored higher than the other two groups. In particular, out of all the categories, item 9, "The idea of educating children is sound," scored highest. Compared with the low-level group, the influential factors of family adaptation in the high-level group were BFS, DCI, PSS, relapse and personal monthly income; The factors influencing family adaptation at the middle level are DCI, BFS, breast cancer type, family history of breast cancer, and personal monthly income. Compared with the medium level group, PSS and DCI were the influential factors of family adaptation in the high-level group. Family adaptation in breast cancer patients can be divided into three categories: low-level, medium-level, and high-level. There were significant differences among different categories of family adaptation levels in "personal monthly income", "family history of breast cancer", "type of breast cancer", "recurrence", "dyadic coping", "benefit finding", and "perception stress". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]