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In Romania, castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is not cultivated on large areas, offering beneficial perspectives to those who want to set up a business in the agricultural field. The expansion of surfaces with this species is limited by climatic conditions, and in particular by the fall of early autumn broths, which can compromise the entire production of secondary colds. Climate change in recent years has led to the expansion of the castor cultivation area, which has obtained satisfactory production in the central area of Moldova if all technological links are respected. The research aimed to identify the genotype with the highest adaptability to the pedoclimatic conditions in the area of influence in order to establish the optimal sowing age and the distance between rows on the production and quality of seeds, implicitly in obtaining a net profit. The results obtained from 2018-2020 showed that the best option of cultivation and obtaining high net profit for the pedoclimatic conditions in the center of Moldova is the one for the variety Teleorman sown in second age and 70 cm distance between rows (12,046 lei·ha-1 for a production of 1,607 Mg·ha-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of enhancing the multifunctionality of permanent degraded grasslands by overseeding, with special look on economic efficiency. The experience that is the subject of the research was organized in the Research and Development Station for Meadows, Vaslui area, on a Dichanthium ischaemum (L.) Roberty meadow. In the study area there are large areas of permanent meadows, at different stages of degradation, due to the positioning on surfaces with different degrees of inclination, eroded or subject to erosion process, due to abandonment or non-rational use, with an inappropriate load of animals and failure to apply maintenance or improvement measures. Due to these aspects, the production is small and the floral composition is dominated by species with medium and low fodder value. In order to increase the production of permanent grassland in the area, it was considered necessary to apply organic fertilizers, and their effect was compared to that of abandonment, mulching or simple use, and with overseeding measures. Biological material used (a mixture of: 70% Bromus inermis Leyss. + 30% Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. - 30 kg·ha-¹ + 25 kg·ha-1). Total expenses, net income and profitability rate (rate of return) were calculated. The lowest costs were recorded when the biomass was only harvested, no other action being performed. When overseeding and fertilization were overlapping the costs were the highest, the economic efficiency being carried close to zero, but more likely, the effect of fertilization has been greatly diminished due to poor climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]