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Rural communities face problems related to depopulation, lack of jobs, weak digital infrastructure, decline of basic public services. LEADER is an initiative to support rural communities, which takes shape in a Local Development Strategy with a role in using local resources in a way that meets the needs identified in the territory. The support of projects for smart villages must be encouraged through local development strategies that pursue various fields: reducing the depopulation of villages, providing quality services, developing local services, promoting digitization. The paper proposes the role that the LEADER intervention belonging to the Strategic Plan, which is one of the instruments of the European Union, can contribute to supporting these rural development projects, which can represent local initiatives and which can benefit from funding sources that will contribute to the identification of strategies and future solutions to promote smart villages. The information used in the work was collected, processed and interpreted starting from data belonging to the Bureau for the Financing of Rural Investments, along with insights from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, converge in a rich tapestry of thought at the paper's conclusion. Here, they weave forward-thinking strategies for the cultivation of smart villages, which are envisioned as vibrant oases capable of elevating the quality of life for rural dwellers. These innovative settlements promise to champion the cause of sustainable rural development, casting a verdant future where community and sustainability flourish side by side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the main trends of the Romanian honey market, in the period 2018-2022. In order to better highlight the evolution of this market, it was necessary to analyze specific indicators such as: total production of honey and the number of bee families both nationally and regionally; the price for honey at national level; consumption of honey per capita - average annual; quantitative exports and imports of honey from Romania. Complementary to the economic part, due to the fact that the honey bees are not only honey producers, but also vital natural pollinators, the paper also mentions and analyzes aspects related to the ethics of the beekeeping environment in Romania and EU, especially the use of neonicotinoids, in the context of global transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to comprehensively examine the critical role of rural development in the broader framework of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Employing a robust mixed-methods research design, we explore global and regional rural development policies through a cross-cutting analysis. The primary objective is to uncover the profound and positive impact of specific interventions on critical SDG indicators, with a particular focus, on poverty reduction, improved access to education and healthcare, and significant progress in agricultural productivity. Our research uses a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative analysis, qualitative insights from community engagement sessions, and spatial analysis using GIS-based mapping. Preliminary results show a promising correlation between sustainable agricultural practices and meeting the SDGs, with a 30% reduction in food insecurity rates, while the qualitative insights indicate a notable increase in community cohesion and empowerment, highlighting the impact of rural development on well-being. Summarising these multi-faceted findings, our study highlights the symbiotic relationship between rural development initiatives and the SDGs. The imperative for context-specific and adapted strategies is evident from the spatial analyses, highlighting the need for a comprehensive, integrated and locally informed approach to achieve sustainable and equitable overall development. The paper advocates the recognition of rural development as a key driver for positive change in pursuit of the SDGs, providing valuable insights for policy makers, practitioners and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism, as a form of spending free time, has undergone numerous transformations in the last period of time, this is due both to globalization that contributed to the internationalization of tourist experiences, but also to recent events (such as the Covid-19 pandemic, economic crises, etc), but also changing the perception of tourism consumers regarding how they can spend their free time. Traditional or well-known destinations have started to face overcrowding, which is starting to be felt negatively by both residents and visitors who are starting to change their consumption habits regarding the locations they choose as tourist destinations. On the other hand, the challenges of the modern world regarding the effects of global warming, the sharp increase in the population, the depletion of planetary resources, but also the much greater concerns of the current generations regarding these aspects, make the choices we make regarding the choice leisure destinations to change and become more responsible. In this context, creative tourism as an increasingly sought-after option, among a growing category of consumers. In this paper, we set out to analyze the perception that tourism consumers in Romania have regarding this form of tourism. The research assumed, on the one hand, a bibliographic analysis regarding the term creative tourism and how this notion has evolved from the moment of its definition as a form of tourism in the 2000s until now, as well as from a study of case based on the application of a questionnaire to measure the perception of consumers regarding this form of tourism, but especially on the awareness of its existence. The questionnaire had 16 questions answered by 124 respondents. The data were centralized and interpreted with the help of the Excel program, the results highlighting the fact that although some of the respondents practice creative tourism, it is quite little known as a concept. The answers given by the study participants highlighted the fact that they are interested in practicing activities integrated into creative tourism, considering that there are many advantages both regarding the experiences they create, with the interactions they establish with the locals or with the other participants. At the same time, the impact that creative tourism practices have at the local level (both economic and social) is recognized. We consider that these results are useful not only at the micro level, but also at the macro level, under the conditions that the development strategies of the field of hospitality will be thought in such a way as to promote, integrate and develop this form of contemporary tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the role and importance of agriculture-based investments in sustainable development were investigated. For this purpose, a situation analysis of these matters was conducted for Yozgat province, which is from the 1st Degree Priority Regions in development. In the study, interviews were conducted with managers or expert personnel of institutions and organizations related to the subject. Data obtained via the interview were the primary data of the study. Papers and books published related to the subject, and data obtained from the database of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) and the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) were also the secondary data of this study. According to the research findings, it is seen that significant investments based on agriculture have been made in the province. Among these investments, there are sugar factory (2 units), Kabalı Integrated Orchard (Turkey's largest integrated orchard), geothermal greenhouses, flour production (12 units), milk and milk products (12 units), meat and meat products (11 units). and fruit and vegetable processing-packaging facilities (4 units). With investment depended on agriculture, there have been positive developments in per capita gross domestic product, employment, labor force participation rate and unemployment rate in the province. While in 2004, gross domestic product per capita was USD 3,272, employment rate was 31.6%, the participation rate to labor force was 36.2% and unemployment rate was 12.8%, in 2021 these were, respectively, USD 4,869, 48.5%, 55.1% and 12%. In Kabalı Integrated Orchard, which is one of the largest orchards in Turkey, in addition to orcharding, there have been animal breeding activities such as goose, sheep and beekeeping. The cherry orchard located in the integrated facility is the third-largest cherry orchard in Europe. This study is important in terms of the sustainability of investments depending on agriculture and the formation of strong expectations for rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A local development strategy allows the active coordination of the development process taking place in the territory, taking into account local characteristics, changes in the external environment and allowing a positive approach to territorial development in an innovative way. Local development strategies are characterized by at least seven characteristics recommended to local managers responsible for development: vision for the future, creativity, flexibility, activity, created for action, orientation to change and orientation to sustainable gain. The purpose of this paper is to highlight both the needs and requirements of the inhabitants of the Snagov commune, respectively the degree of satisfaction with the public services they benefit from, as well as the development vision of the Snagov commune. To obtain the information necessary for the study, the questionnaire method was used, and the group of people related to the sample filled in the requested data and expressed their opinions regarding public services, infrastructure, community projects. The key challenge is to ensure a balanced and sustainable development of the territory based on polycentric development, providing services to the surrounding rural areas, avoiding the decline of the rural population and ensuring the continued attractiveness of these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on examining how ecotourism can help rural development. Eco-tourism is an important type of tourism that provides economic and social benefits to the local community by exhibiting rural life, culture, and nature in rural areas. The study was conducted in Yozgat province of Turkey using primary and secondary data. In this context, interviews were had with the authorities of the Culture and Tourism Provincial Directorate, Yozgat Culture, Tourism and Development Association, and local administrations, plus it was observed in the field. Published publications and scientific studies on the subject were also used as secondary sources. According to the research findings, ecotourism was considered an effective and important model for the sustainable development of local communities. In the study, the eco-tourism potential of the province, strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) were revealed by SWOT analysis. Opportunities and strengths were considered significant for sustainable ecotourism potential. Focusing on local tourism and rural development as a leverage point, this paper puts forward proposals on management strategies and offers a different viewpoint on the need for rural innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work highlights the importance of local gastronomic points (LGP) in the sustainable development of villages in the mountain area of Romania. The paper employed a quantitative and a qualitative analysis. In this paper there are presented the number of local gastronomic points established in the mountain area of Sibiu County, Romania, the number of local producers registered under the optional "mountain product" quality scheme and the number of tourist structures with accommodation function and their accommodation capacity, from the same localities. A case study of a local gastronomic point was carried out and an investigation was carried out regarding the knowledge of young people about local gastronomic points, respectively their role in the development of villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of communication networks has an increasingly important role in the development and modernization of the fields of activity of agriculture. This trend has effects between different actors in the production chain and creates a tighter connection between the stages of land cultivation or the maintenance of natural pastures, ecological grazing, milk, and meat production, respectively the preparation of the final products and their distribution, including marketing techniques. In the paper, an analysis will be made of the specialized publications in the field of Agribusiness in Romania and the effectiveness of the various communication channels used in the present will be discussed with the aim of contributing to mitigating the current problems of natural grazing activities and identifying the main pillars of development and progress. This research paper utilizes an academic research methodology aiming to highlight the importance of communication networks in promoting natural grazing activities. The results of the study demonstrate that the establishment of networks can significantly contribute to the modernization of the Romanian agricultural sector, aligning it with the principles of sustainable competitiveness and resilience. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that the establishment of such networks is essential for the development of a sustainable and resilient agricultural sector in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the performance audit regarding the management of the agricultural sector subsidy funds in order to determine to what extent the actions undertaken boosted the agricultural development process in the Republic of Moldova. The analysis revealed that the activity of subsidizing agriculture is primarily aimed at increasing competitiveness and the sustainable development of the agri-food sector. This situation leads to the modernization of the agri-food chain, facilitating access to capital markets for agricultural producers, adapting to climate changes and mitigating their effects on agricultural production, increasing rural employment opportunities, developing agricultural businesses, etc. The data on the subsidy activity were taken from the database of the Agency for Intervention and Payments for Agriculture from the Republic of Moldova, which is responsible for managing the subsidy fund. The results of the study highlight a fairly efficient management of financial means for subsidizing the national agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European agriculture is a sector that is in a decisive moment of transformation. The transition from small farms to viable and sustainable businesses is difficult and often traumatic. One of the ways to face these changes is through the grouping of farmers creating agri-food cooperatives. This model has proven successful in Sweden or Finland but has not been developed equally in all territories. Romania is a country with no deep-rooted cooperative tradition. However, it has exciting and promising initiatives that may represent an alternative development path, especially in rural areas. This paper addresses the current situation of agri-food cooperatives in Romania, analysing its immediate past and exploring the opportunities that arise in the future through a scientific literature review. Results help to better address future actions on cooperative promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to study several sustainable practices which tourist accommodation establishments can apply to contribute to sustainable development. The application of sustainable practices is essential, as tourist accommodation establishments are very resource-intensive. This paper is based on a quantitative research, and the data has been processed through statistical frequencies. The data were collected through a questionnaire, and the target group was made up of tourist accommodation establishments from four counties of Romania, more specifically Calarasi, Giurgiu, Ialomita and Teleorman. The method through which the results are presented is the graphical method. The obtained results confirmed that the tourist accommodation establishments in the four counties are poorly involved in activities aimed at sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of plum and cherry, as stone fruit species, occupy a significant place in the plant agricultural activity of the Republic of Serbia. In this paper, on the basis of data from selected family holdings in the southern part of Serbia, the production results and evaluation of the economic justification of these two fruit species were investigated. Data collected through a survey were used for the research, and the economic evaluation was performed using static calculative methods. The most important economic indicators determined were: cost price, net profit (average amount), accumulativeness expressed through the rate and time period of investment capital. When producing plums, the average annual financial result is from 503,490 RSD/ha to 594,340 RSD/ha. The analysis determined that by investing RSD 100/ha in production of plum, 40 RSD is accumulated, and the average annual net profit is 425,313 RSD/ha. From the average amounts of net profit, investments made in raising plum trees plantations (1,080,000 RSD/ha) can be recovered during the third year of its exploitation. Although the yield of cherry per unit area is lower compared to the yield of plum, better economic results in the amount of 535,800 RSD/ha to 682,920 RSD/ha are achieved due to a much more favorable selling price per unit measure. For every RSD 100 invested in cherry production, 48 RSD of accumulation is achieved. The average net profit amounts to 492,099 RSD/ha, and the investments made in raising plantations of cherry trees (1,020,000 RSD/ha) can be recovered in the third year of its exploitation. In recent years, cherry have been very profitable fruit species in Serbia, due to the high demand and favorable selling price. With permanent education of fruit producers, as well as with various support measures at the state and local level, it is possible to contribute to the improvement of the existing business and improve the profitability of plums and cherry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the effects of regional competition in the Albanian economy during the period 2005-2020. The Albanian economy is faced with numerous problems mainly related to unemployment, lack of competition in the market, the low level of foreign direct investments (FDI), the increase in consumer prices, the immoderate level of productivity and other elements with impact on the country's economy. The purpose of this paper is to identify the comparative advantages of different regions in terms of the efficient use of production resources available to them, facing the pressure of domestic production competition from imported products. To test or even measure the effects of influencing factors on regional competitiveness, econometric modelling was used in this study. The regression model in this analysis has the following form: Yt = β0 + ΣβiXit, where: with Yt the real GDP rate (used as a proxy for regional competitiveness) is identified as appropriate, and with Xt the set of variables that explain regional competitiveness. The data used were provided by: INSTAT, statistical yearbooks in years; publications of the Bank of Albania in years, for period 2005-2021. From the final results, we note that all macroeconomic variables taken into consideration have been statistically significant in their impact on GDP and automatically on Regional Competitiveness. Also, their impact seems to have followed the same sign as the raised expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes an analysis of the fishing sector in Romania, from the perspective of the exploitation of natural resources. Romania's hydrographic network represents over 3.5% of the country's total area. Fishing and aquaculture are activities carried out in all regions of the country. In the areas along the rivers and the Black Sea, fishing is the primary source of income for the population of the region. In the last decades, fish production from aquaculture has regularly exceeded the catch. Romania's foreign trade with fish and aquatic products has an unbalanced balance, with a significant dependence of the domestic market on imports. The average annual fish consumption per capita in Romania is below the European average, although a positive evolution has been recorded in the recent period. The implementation of European projects by the companies operating in the Romanian fishing sector is difficult, the degree of access to the funds available to the domestic sector being characterized by a relatively low level of absorption. The lack of effective measures from the public authorities to support the national fishing sector will accentuate its decline, and the domestic market's dependence on imports from abroad will continue to grow. The research results can be useful to companies in the fishing sector, for accessing European funds, and to public authorities, in developing appropriate public policies and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the research results on some environmental challenges and priorities of climate resilience. The research work was carried out in 2021 and referred to the analysis of the transcendence character corresponding to the environmental policies according to the strategic guidelines of recovery and resilience for sustainable development and green transition. Although sustainable development of the Romanian water sector has been approached in the past, the present paper has new research related to the water security and its role in building the climate resilience of agriculture and rural development in the European Union and our country. From a methodological view, there are used accumulations and outcomes from the specialty literature, from previous researches, the own data processing in figures and tables to describe some conceptual relationships, comparative analyses of the developmental state and the climatic vulnerability of the Romanian water infrastructure sector. The conclusions and recommendations highlight backlogs, needs and opportunities in the context of implementing the European Green Deal and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green economy is currently a hotly debated global pillar as it has a significant impact on sustainable development. The implementation of this concept aims to identify viable solutions for the development, conservation and protection of the environment as a result of economic and social aggression. At the same time, international organizations are generating alternatives to combat the long-term negative factors that may affect the well-being of the population. In order to reach the proposed objective, that of implementing a sustainable economy, a coalition is needed between the private sector and the legislative power in Romania. The private and public spheres must reach a common point through which they can reduce the wear and tear of economic growth with the aim of reducing environmental risks, enhancing the use of resources and increasing the quality of life. This paper aims to identify the tools needed to adopt a Green Economy by analysing current opportunities for economic development based on sustainable policies and investments. In the context of those presented, the paper proposes some measures and tools to streamline the transition to a green economy in Romania. To reach the result of this descriptive analysis, research methods were used based on reports, studies, papers and specialized publications both online and offline. As a main result of this paper we can mention the identification of some changes at the level of demographic indicators but also the identification of some notable results in terms of share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption and recycling rate, important factors for the analysis of the green economy at national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the qualitative assessment with a view to the sustainable development of the land presented (land that occupies the largest share) of the studied area. The methods used to carry out this work were: the characterization of the area studied in terms of natural conditions; the assessment of the productive capacity of the soil with a view to the most accurate sustainable use. The study material used for the elaboration of this paper is the land belonging to the Giarmata territorial administrative unit (6,119 ha) and the Pedological study of the Giarmata City Hall. As regards the agricultural land of the commune, it consists of the following uses: arable 4,859 ha (77.2%), pastures 834 ha (13.3%), meadows 121 ha (1.9%), and orchards 305 ha (4.8%). With regard to the classification of the area studied in quality classes (fertility), for the category of use “arable”, the situation is as follows: 1st class – 128 ha (2.6%), 2nd class – 913 ha (18.8%), 3rd class – 2852 ha (58.7%), 4th class – 850 ha (17.5%), and 5th class – 116 ha (2.4%). For the proper development of the agricultural land under study, action will be taken as appropriate by carrying out the work of deep watering or subsoiling, the introduction of long-term crop rotation, the introduction of breeding crops, and the establishment of an adequate load of grazing livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an overview of comparison of bioeconomy indicators, in Romania and European Union, related to Green Deal Pact of the EU. The so called European Green Deal, is a set of proposals adopted by European Commission in order to reduce the climate change by 2050.Official statistical data related to green transition were retrieved from Eurostat database. Specific indicators taken into consideration were circular material use rate, raw material consumption, valued added at factor cost and environmental protection expenditure. Comparison of the dynamics of these indicators for Romania vs other European Union member states, for latest available data, was plotted. When analyzing the data it can be observed that steps are being taken in each state towards fulfilling the objectives of green transition. However, Romania's bioeconomy is still underdeveloped as compared to most of the EU's member states. In order to support the Green Deal targets we need a national strategy and action plan towards green and just transition of our economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Serbia, beekeeping is one of the few agricultural branches with a positive export balance. Honey in Serbia is harvested from environmentally safe areas and certain types of honey are globally recognized and have a geographically protected origin, accordingly better quote on the global honey market and at are a more competitive price. Goal of this paper to analyze the state of beekeeping production in Serbia, to consider the legal frameworks and regulations in this field, investments and incentive measures implemented at the state level in order to improve this production. This paper will present the results of the analysis of parameters related to beekeeping production in the last ten years according to official statistics at the national level. Based on the analysis of the situation, it can be concluded that beekeeping has the potential to become a strategic economic sector. Interest in beekeeping in Serbia is in expansion and an increasing number of farms are officially registering this activity, following the regulations and world trends in this area, placing bee products on the market and earning significant revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper purpose was to analyze the present situation of the mountain areas in Romania from a sociodemographic, economic and environmental point of view in order to identify the main positive and negative aspects and to establish what objectives and measures have to be considered for assuring the sustainable development of the mountain regions in the coming future. The statistical data provided by Eurostat, FAO, National Institute of Statistics and National Agency for Mountain Areas were statistically processed in their dynamics using trend regression equations, graphical illustration and comparisons. The results pointed out that the Carpathians cover 37.8% of Romania's area and are predominantly rural. The share of the mountain municipalities is just 37.8%(12th position in Europe), the residents account for 5.53 million (6th position) meaning 25% in the total population (11th position), agriculture (mainly animal growing) and forestry are the main activities. In 2021, in the mountain regions there were registered 3,147 producers who carried out 1,164 mountain products, the highest weight belonging to vegetal, dairy and beekeeping products whose sale was assured by 135 Local Gastronomic Points. The contribution of the mountain areas to GDP was Euro 48.7 million, for which Romania came on the 8th position among other European countries. The actual challenges the mountain areas are facing are: the decline and aging of the population, migration of young people to the cities, weak infrastructure, livestock decrease, grasslands degradation, weak promotion of mountain products, lack of connectivity and communication between settlements, a low valorization of the natural and human resources. In consequence, as the Mountain Law provides, it is needed a new approach regarding the development of the mountain economy by valorizing in a more effective way all the resources, paying attention to the diversification of the activities, creating new jobs, stimulating entrepreneurship to increase production (agriculture, forestry, handicrafts etc) and encourage more services (education, medical, cultural, tourism, trade, credit etc), facilities for supporting young people to remain in the localities of origin, improving infrastructure (roads, bridges, houses and village restoration, connectivity to IT and mobile network, digitalization etc), involving both the local authorities and all the residents to intensify their efforts to support the mountain areas in their way to a sustainable development upwards 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bulgaria, according to the Institute for Market Economics, 16 economic centers have been defined, which form a large part of the national economy. The paper focuses on the economic centers located in the territory of the North Central Planning Region and the North Western Planning Region, emphasizing their role in revealing the potential for development of the rural areas within their scope. In this context, the specific features of their development have been analyzed and the possibilities for future development have been assessed in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the territory, to increase the living standards of the population, and to reduce the risk of poverty in rural areas. The study utilized statistical methods for analyzing dynamic trends, hypothesis testing, regression, and correlation analysis. It was found that the indicators for the municipalities within the economic centers are more favorable compared to those outside of them. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the presence of economic centers in the region has a statistically significant impact on indicators such as population, age dependency ratio, population density, average annual salary of employees under labor and service contracts, and unemployment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic farming is developing as a sustainable alternative to intensive, conventional farming practice based on increasing yields, by maximizing the use of production factors to continuously increase agricultural production. Organic farming is, now, appreciated because it eliminates chemicals and produces health food with a positive impact on the environment. Sustainable development requires a healthy life due to responsible food production and consumption. These goals can be achieved in a food system where producers contribute through moral behaviours and where consumers are informed. All these aspects are gaining increasing importance at European and global level in the context of sustainable development. Considering these aspects, we carried out this research with reference to the interest of the inhabitants of the Western Romania for ecological products. The analysis of the data, obtained from the field application of a questionnaire and their interpretation, shows that, in Romania, although the area cultivated in the organic system is still small, there is an increased interest in the organic farming system both on the part of farmers and on the part of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development of the agricultural sector is determined by three closely interrelated components: economic, social and environmental. In the paper, we have tried to identify environmental problems in the sustainable development of the agricultural sector, focusing on the environmental component of sustainable development. At the same time, the system of factors determining the sustainable development of agricultural production was substantiated during the study. The purpose of the study to systematize and justify the environmental factors that contributes to the sustainable development of agricultural production. Relevance of the study ensuring food security in the context of Azerbaijan's integration into the world market urgently requires sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The high level of environmental tensions in the development of agriculture requires a radical renewal of the strategy and tactics of agricultural development, strengthening the role of the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rural space is a basic concern of today's society dominated by the trend of modernization and the need to preserve identity. The current context highlights numerous elements favorable to the development of the rural space, but also elements that inhibit this process. Favorability for the development of the rural area is given by the availability of endogenous resources, and the elements that slow down the development process are generally related to the inability of the local responsibility factors to implement policies, programs and strategies adapted to the territorial specificity that lead to the development of agriculture as a basic activity but and to a diversification of economic activities and implicitly to the development of the rural economy. The paper briefly presents a model of strategic evaluation of the rural space that highlights the territorial specificity and allows the elaboration of sustainable development options adapted to it. From the secondary analysis of the statistical data and the relevant specialized literature and through the application of the PESTEL and SWOT strategic analysis models, sufficient specificity elements were identified that led to the development of relevant strategic options for sustainable rural development in Vâlcea county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to address the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the development of rural areas in Galati County, after the application of the state of emergency in Romania. The article is based on the interpretation of the change of certain economic indicators in rural areas and their impact on the population, economic environment, industry, and agriculture. Supplementary research has been conducted by interpreting the changes triggered by the COVID-19 crisis on the decisions of local and regional authorities to develop certain strategies and projects before and after the end of the present crisis. At the same time, it is analyzed that rural areas were perceived as providing a defense wall against this pandemic, motivating the population in urban areas to seek shelter in rural areas, thus contributing to the development of the economic environment. However, in reality, rural areas have been the hardest hit, unable to provide the infrastructure needed for such a human wave. In the context of those presented, the paper is an analysis of economic and social factors but also of how the COVID-19 crisis has influenced the current situation in rural areas of Galati County. To reach the result of this analysis, research methods were used based on reports, studies, papers and specialized publications both online and offline. As a main result of this paper we can mention the identification at regional level of changes in social, demographic and economic factors with considerable impact on the rural economy in the coming years. Thus, agriculture will feel a decline due to this pandemic, after 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural development, sustainable development and sustainability are nowadays often mentioned in scientific publications, as well as in political discussions and the media. The concept of sustainability includes three sets of goals: economic, environmental and social. In this paper emphasis is put on the selection of the most appropriate social indicators for measuring sustainable rural development at NUTS 3 level. Objectives of the paper were: (1) to identify the most appropriate social indicators for measuring sustainable rural development already used or proposed in literature, (2) to choose the five most appropriate indicators according to experts' assessment. The analysis of existing research outlined and explained 18 social indicators. After the first phase of selection, an additional selection of indicators by expert evaluation was carried out. Based on the expert evaluation, five most relevant social indicators were identified, namely according to the average grade: age structure (4.70), availability of educational institutions (4.45), educational structure (4.34), availability of health institutions (4.32) and population growth between two censuses (4.32). Looking at separate assessments of each of the expert groups, it is evident that their selection of the five most relevant indicators coincides in three indicators: age structure, availability of educational institutions and educational structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South-East region could benefit from the rural area. Agriculture has an important share in the region's economy, 40.4% of the region's employed population activating in this sector. The agricultural land represent 65% of the total area of the region and the private sector holds the largest share of agricultural land. The South-East region ranks first in the country, regarding area of the vineyards, holding 40.3% of the country's wine-growing area. There are essential elements in the region that can lead to a positive evolution regarding rural development, if European funds for agriculture will be drawn and used efficiently. The paper proposes an integrate analysis of current situation of South East region by means of data and statistics provided by international and national statistics institutions. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the evolution of Romanian South East region under the influence of European funds for agriculture. It is good to understand the reason of current evolution in order to forecast the future evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable development of agriculture in the context of innovative transformation of productive forces and structural changes is recognized as one of the directions of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. Mechanisms for stimulating technological change and increasing efficiency should be aimed at achieving sustainable production criteria. The purpose of the study is to develop conceptual aspects of managing the sustainable development of agriculture using the example of livestock industries in conditions of structural transformation and technological changes. The article examines theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of problems of sustainable development of agriculture. An analysis was carried out and an assessment was made of the dynamics of crop yields and livestock production. Significant structural shifts and technological changes in the livestock subcomplex of Russia, caused by the processes of diffusion of innovations, have been identified. The authors have developed conceptual approaches to studying the problems of sustainable agricultural development in regional agricultural systems based on effective management. The main objectives of the proposed concepts are: expansion of production volumes of agricultural products, taking into account the needs of the region and export opportunities; technical and technological modernization of agricultural organizations and achieving an innovative balance of resources; compliance with the principles of rational environmental management and achieving environmental safety. The practical value of the results lies in the possibility of forming a strategy for the sustainable development of regional agricultural systems in the conditions of structural transformation and technological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to establish long-term dynamics and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain products in the conditions of unstable moistening in Ukraine based on the use of modern cost-effective and ecologically safe technologies, which include: scientifically based crop rotations with the effective use of highly productive and competitive varieties and hybrids of grain and leguminous crops, optimal combination of mineral and organic fertilizers with the use of by-products of the predecessors - straw of winter wheat, spring barley and peas, as well as stalks of corn. It was found that during 2016-2022, when applying the organo-mineral fertilization system, there was a rapid increase in yield compared to the control option without fertilizer application: winter wheat and corn for grain - by 17%, peas - by 30%, spring barley - by 32%; increase of all productivity indicators of short crop rotation - by 20-24%. When using an organic fertilization system, an increase in quality indicators is noted: in the grain of winter wheat and peas - protein, in the grain of corn and spring barley -digestible protein and starch. It was determined that the cultivation of highly productive and competitive corn for grain and winter wheat in a short crop rotation, as well as the reduction of costs when applying an organic fertilization system with the introduction of by-products of the predecessors, ensured the highest conditionally net profit - 12.8 thousand UAH/ha, as well as a high level of profitability - 121%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to achieve a comparative analysis of agro-tourism in the first three macro-regions of Romania regarding the number of agro-touristic pensions as well as the number of Romanian and foreign tourists. This analysis highlights the consistency between the physico-geographic framework, the tourism objectives and the development of agrotourism in the mentioned regions (North-West Region, North-East Region and Center Region). The data were taken from the National Institute of Statistics and processed according to the objectives of the paper. From the work, there are a number of reasons for setting up an agro-touristic pension in an area with a rare natural beauty that offers tourists warm, welcoming accommodation conditions for foreign tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article we have substantiated and conducted statistically assess the impact of the final results of economic activity on the current socio-demographic situation of rural areas in Ukraine. Based on the results of determining the influence of conditioned factors on the level of labour migration of the rural population in Ukraine, we have developed a regression equation. Also, based on the results of the study, we built two cartograms, comparison of which provides an opportunity to assess the dynamics of the formation of the total fertility rate in rural areas (per 1 woman) for 2016 - 2020. We built a cartogram that visualizes the results of grouping regions of Ukraine by natural increase, decrease population in rural areas of Ukraine. The results of our study provide an opportunity to confirm that in the context of Ukraine's official accession to the European Union and the serious challenges of today, the Ukrainian state should perform the functions of regulating the most important spheres of society in general and rural areas in particular. The task of increasing the employment of the rural population should be raised to the level of state priorities, which would provide an opportunity to create new jobs for the rural population in industries that can provide the maximum competitive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agri-environment and climate payments represent a key element necessary for the integration of environmental protection issues into the Common Agricultural Policy. In Romania, this measure aims to encourage farmers (users of agricultural land) to adopt, on a voluntary basis, agricultural practices that ensure the maintenance of the environmental value of rural areas, the maintenance of specific habitats of agricultural land important for priority wild species, the sustainable use of natural resources and the preservation of traditional landscapes. This paper presents the situation of accessing the agri-environment and climate compensatory payment measure for adaptation to the effects of climate change on agricultural land, in Romania, between 2015 and 2019, where a total of 212,413 beneficiaries were registered, with a total eligible area of 1,799,820 hectares and the eligible value of compensatory payments was 231,563,125.73 euros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The projects in water sector can be defined as public, investment and infrastructural or combined. In order to be implemented a project like so one of the requirements is to be prepared risk assessment of project management in water sector, which is the main aim of the paper (to assess the risk of project management in water sector). On this basis are made generalized conclusions for the level of risk in the sector and possible recommendations to reduce it. The first part of the paper presents literature review of risk assessment in project management. The second part of the paper assesses the risk of project management in water sector based on opinion of project beneficiaries of the Operational Programme Environment 2007-2013, axis 1. The main results connected with risk assessment present that neither indicator could be defined as system risk. Most of the indicators are defined as irrelevant risks. Made by the experts classification of the possible risk shows that some indicators are defined as critical risks. Recommendations are connected with management of all types of risk, involvement of project manager and project team members in identification and evaluation of the risks, monitoring of risk etc. The conclusions in the paper are based on the results of university research project "Project management of sustainable development in water sector" (UNWE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general well-being of small farms represents an important and actual issue for the Republic of Moldova. Taking into consideration that they are more likely to be exposed to hazards of different origin, it is becoming increasingly important to enhance their living and working conditions. The aim of the paper is to analyse the current situation of small farms in the Republic of Moldova in the context of sustainable development of the agricultural sector and emphasize their future possibilities of progress. For the purpose of the research, a survey has been carried out on a sample of 552 small farms from North, Centre and South regions of the Republic of Moldova. The main findings present prospects for development of small farms in the country under certain conditions, like: specialization in high added value production, efficientization of working time, modernization of farming activities, establishment of direct relations with the market, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As shown in previous research, in Romania there is a significant gap of development of water supply and sanitation networks (WSS), with significant regional and urban-rural disparities. In the light of the 2030 Agenda and the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), a sustainable development can only be achieved through a holistic approach, in which the links between several SDGs are harnessed. Today, with the start of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic in 2020, public health and personal and family hygiene are the highest priorities, practically reaffirming the crucial importance and synergies of SDGs such as SDG1- No Poverty and SDG6-Clean Water and Sanitation. In this context, the paper analyses some current trends, benefits and contributions of European and Structural Investment (ESI)-funded WSS projects in Romania, through the Large Infrastructure Operational Program. The conclusions present some recommendations and perspectives on the continuation of sustainable development efforts for the water and wastewater infrastructure sector in Romania, especially those increasing access to public WSS services in poorly served rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to highly productive and environmentally friendly agricultural farming is one of the priorities of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. In the current conditions of sanctions policy, the need for a large-scale transfer of agriculture to organic farming increases. The purpose of the article is to develop methods and tools for the development of organic farming on an innovation and investment basis to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. The article presents the evolution of views and methodological approaches to studying the relationship between organic agriculture and sustainable development. The global trends in the development of the organic products market are studied, the dynamics of organic production in Russia are presented both in general and in the context of grain crops, legumes and vegetables. It has been empirically revealed that the bulk of the harvest of organic grain crops remains on the domestic market, and most of the leguminous crops are exported. The article examines global trends in the development of the organic products market. Methodological approaches and principles for the transition to the Organic 3.0 concept, aimed at intensifying the growth of organic product production, have been developed. Promising forms of organizing organic farming have been substantiated and conditions have been created for increasing the efficiency of organic production on an innovation-investment basis, taking into account regional specifics. The economic, social and environmental role of organic farming as a driver of sustainable development in Siberia is substantiated. Methods and tools have been developed to improve the state policy for the development of organic farming in rural areas of Siberia, including subsidies, subsidizing the purchase of certified planting materials, developing competency standards, and improving the regulatory framework. The practical significance of the results lies in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and methodological tools for sustainable development of rural areas, based on the introduction of advanced organic farming technologies, as well as targeted mechanisms for stimulating organic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of urban and peri-urban agriculture, although they are not new, are current as a result of the fact that one of the problems that arose during the Covid-19 crisis was that of food security as a result of the need to ensure food resources from nearby sources, in the conditions in which transport and other sectors of activity have reduced or suspended their activity. In this paper, we propose that, starting from the study of the specialized literature regarding urban and peri-urban agriculture, to identify their development possibilities, to identify the forms of practice of urban and peri-urban agriculture, to present the strengths and weaknesses weak related to their development and to propose solutions for their integration in the development of cities on a sustainable basis. The research methodology assumed the study of specialized literature, the consultation of internal and international databases, the processing and analysis of data with the aim of formulating conclusions that can be the basis of future studies, but also formulating conclusions that can be integrated into future policies regarding the development of urban and peri-urban agriculture, taking into account the fact that at the moment there is still no exact formulation regarding their support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable rural development consists of three components: economic, ecological, and social. The paper paid to the economic component through selection of the most relevant economic indicators for measuring sustainable rural development at NUTS 3 level. Objectives of the research were: a) to identify the most appropriate economic indicators for measuring sustainable rural development, either used so far or proposed in the literature, b) to select five most relevant indicators according to the experts' estimate. The analysis of previous research has outlined and explained 15 economic indicators. After the first phase of selection, an additional selection of indicators by expert evaluation was carried out. Based on the expert evaluation, five most relevant economic indicators were identified, namely according to the average grade: unemployment rate (4.49), accessibility of agricultural infrastructure (4.47), gross domestic product per capita (4.45), education level as a prerequisite for the use of innovation (4.26) and productivity of agricultural production (4.21). Looking at separate assessments of each of the expert groups, it is evident that their selection of the five most relevant indicators only coincides in two of them: unemployment rate and availability of agricultural infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper resumes research on the current dimensions and implications of a sustainable development. Taking in consideration some of the latest theoretical insights and strategic approaches of the European Union for progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), a few trends and issues are analysed, also in the particular case of Romania. The close inter-correlation between most of the SDGs is highlighted, since they cannot be all reviewed here. For a more practical purpose, there will be analyses on the required and actual evolution in reducing the Romanian gap of some SDG progress indicators. Monitoring SDG 12 in an EU context focuses on progress made in decoupling environmental impacts from economic growth, in decreasing energy consumption and in tackling waste generation and management. The conclusions refer to conceptual or applied sustainable development insights and policy recommendation for promoting a more sustainable production and consumption pattern in a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As sustainable development includes environmental protection and that is conditional on sustainable development, an institution's concerns in this regard must be considered as one of the priorities that will set development strategies and programs and will implement them in practice so that environmental protection be permanently taken into account. This paper aimed to highlight the concept of circular economy which refers to the harmonization of sustainable development needs of long-term humanity. It is necessary to optimize resource consumption so as to reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy and reuse them 100% if is possible, and how it is applied in Romania. In conclusion, performing the main principles of sustainable development is a necessity of time, which would result in effective results corresponding to the contemporary ecological provisions, the interests of the human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development is a process of continuous and permanent improvement, learning and perfecting, and the introduction of sustainable development policies into a society or company guarantees the creation of sustainable (not only immediate) value and consequently long-term benefits. In the age of knowledge, each organization is constantly changing. The success of the organization depends on how the crises that occur during this period are managed. An important factor in managing these crises is the intellectual capital. During the process of assimilating the intellectual capital, a transformation of the individual's identity is also realized. Identity transformation is an important social process that employs dissonance, attributions and divides the role of expectations. In this paper we want to highlight the concept of intellectual capital, which is it role into organizations and societies and which are the benefits for institutional health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we aim to emphasize and to analyse the importance of resource decoupling for securing a sustainable production and economic growth in Romania. Increasing the resource-efficiency is a strategic objective which should be seen in the context of the European Sustainable Development Strategy and global efforts to achieve a transition towards a resource-efficient, circular and green economy, by decoupling growth from resource use. Some theoretical and methodological background issues are introduced for a deeper understanding of the most important concepts which underpin the current objectives and trends of sustainable economic growth: resource efficiency, resource productivity, resource decoupling. We outline the role of the resource productivity indicator in assessing progress towards the most important objectives of relevant strategic documents for sustainable and resourceefficient economic development in the European Union and Romania. In the tables and graphs presented in the paper, we shall try to compare the level and evolution of key statistical indicators, in Romania and in EU-27, to check the main trends in resource decoupling, the impact of the economic crisis as well as whether these trends may be consistent with the principles of a sustainable consumption and production. The conclusions and recommendations are based on the finding that, in the analysed period 2002-2013, the decoupling of economic growth from the resource use was achieved in Romania due to the economic crisis time (2008-2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In agriculture, farm land is any space or medium that supports agricultural practice/production. This is in tandem with economics which has land as one of the four main factors of production. But ecologically, land can be said to be the solid part of the 'Earth' along with its components in the interior, on the surface (ground level) and above the ground level. These are respectively the rocks and minerals including underground water; the soil and biological matters within and upon it; and the atmosphere. The interactions and interdependency of these factors made land and climate inter-twined and have created series of dynamics and phenomena which have influenced and shall continue to influence all forms of existence on earth. Agriculture which is a principal branch of any national economy is tied in major part to the soil which is the topmost part of land and therefore, farm is tied to ecology and its factors (which include climatic factors). The limit in the size of land available for farming and the continuous decline due to other competing needs of humanity together with the ever-increasing population of the world have made efficient mechanization the panacea for intensification of production to cope with the ever-increasing demand for food and raw materials. The path to overcoming the looming danger is sustainable management, which is present beneficial exploitation, utilization, maintenance, co-ordination and control of resources that ensures the continuous existence / availability for future needs. Certainly, it is now a known fact that changes in climatic conditions/ factors have brought about either positive or negative or both in the different parts of the world, and Nigeria is not an exception. This paper is an original scholarly inquiry based on review of related literatures (academic and public awareness information outlets), reports and physical observations of the authors. The results reveal that a worrisome land management culture and practices at present in Nigeria. This is being worsened by climate change effects of drier (including desert expansion) northern parts and wetter (including coastal erosion, ocean surge, swamp expansion and heavier erosion) southern parts of Nigeria. These coupled with poor handling of wastes, mining operations, pollution from oil spillage and gas flaring; wrong use of chemical (agro-related and environmental Sanitation related); reckless deforestation; etc constitute huge threats. The paper ends with propositions of mitigating actions and ameliorative measures to be taken by stakeholders in land holding and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important issue to be tackled is that the Romanian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are less likely to adopt measures to improve their resource efficiency in comparison to the EU average and have a low propensity to collaborate for a systemic transformation agenda such as the circular and green economy. The main research objective of this paper is to stress eventually the strategic role of eco-innovation in developing eco-industrial parks as a community of manufacturing and service enterprises seeking enhanced environmental and economic performance through collaboration in managing environmental and resource issues including energy, water, and materials. The methodological approach will be based mostly on some own recently published theoretical and empirical research findings, referring to a case-study as well. The main results and conclusions outline the urge to identify, design and plan the possibilities of industrial symbiosis between several enterprises within an ecoindustrial park as a way for promoting green development in the SME-s as well as at the local, regional and macroeconomic scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annually, the state allocates significant amounts of money for the carrying out of public procurement contracts concerned with the supply of food products. Rural areas, due to their natural potential, but also to their existing human resource, can further develop through the implementation of projects concerned with circular economy and a sustainable food chain. The implementation of Green Deal policies, the integration of appropriate sustainable development strategies will allow the economic growth of rural areas. In the making of this article, information published in the Electronic Public Procurement System (EPPS), during the 2018-2021 period was collected, concerning contracts for the supply of various food products. The novelty of this article consists in the analysis carried out on food related public procurement, by product categories and institutions. Based on the results of this research, there are suggestions for opportunities of development in rural areas, issues related to the sustainability of the food chain which should be integrated in sustainable public procurement procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new Common Agricultural Policy radically changes the way the Union views agriculture and rural development. If until now the focus was on compliance, written documents and records, the new vision of the EC is focused on results and performance. The new CAP highlights the diversity that exists in the agriculture of the Member States and on rules built as close as possible to everyday reality, geared to local needs and conditions. By moving from the uniformity of most CAP instruments to the ability of states to plan their agriculture strategy and needs, it will radically change the way national strategic management handles issues. First of all, it is expected that the bureaucracy will decrease significantly once the rules, the norms will be reduced, both in number and in terms of complexity. The managerial implications are obvious, the focus on impact and achievements leading to another type of management characterized by advice, assistance, focused on achievements, cost-effective tools and sustainable development. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the managerial implications of the new CAP vision from compliance to performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture 4.0 is seen as a new possibility in overcoming the global challenges related to the scarcity of resources, climate change and food security. In this context, the aim of the paper is to outline the main definitions, concepts, technologies and trends in Agriculture 4.0 development and discuss the challenges, as well as opportunities and prospects. Based on the literature overview, it can be concluded that Agriculture 4.0 will play a crucial role in transforming the agri-food sector and shaping future agricultural production models. On the other hand, the new concepts should be linked to the Green Deal and sustainable development goals to ensure a fair and resilient agricultural system. Along with the benefits of Agriculture 4.0, there are challenges associated with farmers' perceptions and ability to change, the development of infrastructure, especially in rural areas and the lack of standards for implementing the new technologies. The government and policymakers' role is essential and should be directed in supporting the implementation of the concept Agriculture, 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to highlight the importance of funding through the M19 LEADER measure on eligible territories from a qualitative perspective through the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods: questionnaire and interview, designed to confirm or deny the importance of LEADER funding on rural development of the LAG territory at the level of the Romanian regions. The analysis was realised in period between 31.10.2020 - 31.05.2021. The data collected come in support of a deeper understanding of the LEADER approach and the way in which it acts in the territory, implicitly of the identification and remedy of deficiencies. Following the analysis, based on a series of questions sent to the representatives of the local action groups, questions related to territorial, financial and social issues were found that: over 70% of LAGs face an aging population and lack of jobs work, over 70% of the eligible territories being inhabited by the population aged between 40 and 50, territories where agriculture is the main income-generating resource (100% of respondents). All respondents consider that LEADER financing is very important but also insufficient for the needs of the territory (over 85% of respondents). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was based on the identification of several products from industrial plants made for the constructions sector and able to satisfy the needs of supporting the farming sector and a sustainable economy. Building friendly environmentally materials today are only possible if the products are based on renewable resources. The natural resources will help the construction industry to reduce the pollution and to be more eco-friendly. Trying to develop new materials the present paper is focus on hemp products. The first part present the raw materials used for the new composite products based on hemp and polyvinyl acetate and the second part of the paper show the results obtain for sound absorption coefficient, reaction to fire and mechanical strengths. The hemp products will have a positive impact on the environment reducing the emission of CO2 and also will help to preserve natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]