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This article aims to analyse the role of FDI and institutional quality in local economic growth in Vietnam. Using a dataset of 63 provinces in Vietnam between 2005 and 2020, the result of the Bayesian linear regression (BLR) method shows that FDI has a negative effect on economic growth, while provinces have a negative effect on economic growth. High institutional quality (IQ) leads to high economic growth. Besides, the result of the article also shows that the interaction between FDI flows, and institutional quality (FDIxIQ variable) positively impacts the economic growth of provinces in Vietnam. This implies that localities with good institutional quality will absorb FDI better. These findings suggest that policymakers should pay more attention to policies to attract FDI and improve institutional quality to promote sustainable GDP growth in the localities of Vietnam, thereby promoting the overall economic growth of Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]