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Purpose: The main aim of the article was to conduct a comparative analysis of transport availability divided into voivodeships in Poland. For this purpose, data on the number of regular, urban, suburban and long-distance lines from all voivodeships in Poland was collected and analyzed in terms of changes over the years and existing correlations. Design/methodology/approach: The research used basic data analysis, sign test and correlation study. Findings: The problem of transport exclusion in Poland is noticeable. It especially concerns residents of villages and small towns. Research results indicate that this problem has become more serious in recent years due to the reduction in the number of available connections. Originality/value: The article presents original research on the change in the number of connections over the years and the correlation between the number of inhabitants and the number of bus connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper presents the issues related to the development of electronic commerce. Design/methodology/approach: The study used world-bank reports from statista portal. Findings: The purpose of this article is to present the development of electronic commerce and investment climate of Poland on the example of Lower Silesia created by economic, social, political and legal-administrative conditions. The economic conditions inform the foreign investor about the condition of the economy of the country receiving the investment. Functioning types of e-business and basic business models used in e-commerce were also presented. Furthermore, they were characterized by payment methods used in online sales. Based on a chart developed on the basis of statistical data analysis of consumer-preferred online payment methods was also made. Originality/value: The publication presents the results of research conducted on the basis of statista international portal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article aims at evaluating the automation and robotization development status in Poland, recognizing the key factors influencing the technology development in Polish enterprises and identifying the existing support in the given scope. Design/methodology/approach: Data from secondary sources were used for the analysis in this article. The secondary data came from internal sources, such statistical offices, government administration authorities, studies and publications. Data were collected and analyzed using Excel. Findings: The data analysis performed for the automation and robotization status in Poland shows that the available statistics are highly limited. Only one institution is currently performing large-scale research on the global robotization, while automation in Polish enterprises was researched by Statistics Poland up to 2015. If there are reports containing data on the automation status, they are very limited and recognized differently. Owing to the above, data comparison from various periods of time and various industries is challenging. Originality/value (mandatory) The paper presents the detailed automation and robotization development status analysis in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to analyze and understand trends in COVID-19 cases in Poland during what is considered the end of the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses data visualization methods to assess trends and identify key factors influencing the dynamics of the pandemic. The analysis included data on the pandemic in the period from 1 January, 2023 to 30 June, 2023. On 1 July, 2023, the state of epidemic threat in Poland was canceled. Findings: Analysis of epidemiological data showed that the number of new COVID-19 cases in Poland showed a gradual decline during the period considered to be the end of the pandemic. This reduction in case numbers has been consistent across regions of the country, although some areas have seen periodic increases. The data clearly demonstrate the significant impact of vaccinations in reducing the number of new infections and severe disease outcomes. Regions with higher vaccination rates saw lower COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths. Research limitations/implications: The surveys discussed in this article may contribute to further empirical studies, including but not limited to initiating works to improve the pandemic analysis. Practical implications: The study provides important information that can be used by public health decision-makers to shape effective pandemic response strategies. The results highlight the importance of maintaining and adapting intervention measures, such as vaccination, to control the spread of the virus and reduce the number of severe cases. Originality/value: This study stands out from other works on the COVID-19 pandemic by its unique focus on the final stage of the pandemic in Poland. While most studies focus on the early stages of the pandemic or its global impact, our study offers detailed insight into local aspects of pandemic management and its evolution in a specific country. We present a comprehensive analysis that combines epidemiological data, the impact of health policy, social behavior and vaccination effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the article is to assess the competitive potential of Poland’s regions, in the context of effective strategy building for further development thereof. Design/methodology/approach: The article employs the method of critical investigation of the literature on the subject as well as presents an analysis of statistical data on selected sociotourist infrastructure instruments. An examination of two selected infrastructure elements was carried out for the purpose of the article, which can form a basis for formulation of strategies to improve the competitiveness and development of regions in Poland. Results: The Authors present the issue of regional competitiveness, with particular focus on the methods of assessing and building the competitiveness of regions through selection of an optimal strategy for further development thereof. In this context, two selected instruments of socio-tourist infrastructure are discussed, which can form a basis for formulation of strategies to improve the competitiveness and development of regions in Poland. The infrastructure elements presented serve as an example of areas characterized by great potential for growth, as a consequence of years of neglect (health care), or constrained by independent external COVID-19 pandemic associated conditions (accommodation industry). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The publication presents the evolution of the European Union policy implemented in Poland, focusing primarily on the 2014-2020 perspective, which was characterized by its decentralization. Design/methodology/approach: The method of statistical data analysis and source materials was used in the work. Findings: As a result of the conducted research, it was indicated that the 2014-2020 perspective was characterized not only by the highest allocation of financial resources, but the solutions proposed therein led to a deeper decentralization of regional policy in Poland consisting in the construction of two-fund regional programs (ERDF and ESF), prepared, managed and implemented at the regional level, bringing the thereby increasing the effectiveness of this policy. Originality/value: The literature research and statistical analysis carried out in the article served to show the evolution of the regional policy decentralization process on maximizing its effects. The research results are dedicated to a wide group of people and entities benefiting from the support of European Union funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the impact of the developed dynamic ABC tool on inventory management within the operations of a third-party logistics (3PL) company. Design/methodology/approach: The research focused on designing the dynamic ABC tool and subsequently using it in a case study involving 52 customers for whom a 3PL logistics operator provides services. The customers were grouped into categories such as food, nonfood, pharma, and other, and the study encompassed 10 physical depots located in Poland and the Czech Republic. Findings: The implementation of the dynamic ABC tool will influence the inventory management of the 3PL company. Furthermore, the dynamic ABC tool performs similarly under various conditions for different types of customers, which could indicate its attributes related to universality of application. Research limitations/implications: The main limitations of the study are the p-value results from the conducted correlation analysis, suggesting that alternative tests should be considered for correlations. Additionally, the conducted quantitative studies should, in the author's opinion, be complemented by a thorough qualitative analysis of the described phenomena. Originality/value: The presented results provide a significant contribution to understanding the impact of a dynamic SKU classification approach on inventory management in the context of a logistics operator. Through literature analysis, it can be observed that traditional ABC methods primarily rely on historical data, limiting their flexibility. In this context, dynamic ABC analysis, combining classification with predictive data analysis, could serve as a valuable tool for enhancing inventory management efficiency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]