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No Brasil, o estado de Mato Grosso é o principal produtor de soja, sua produção colabora com cerca de 29% da produção nacional. A produtividade das plantas de soja está relacionada, dentre outras atividades, com o manejo correto de doenças, essa eficiência no manejo fúngico ocorre principalmente quando se tem conhecimento das características do microrganismo alvo. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade de Colletotrichum plurivorum e Colletotrichum truncatum a fungicidas disponíveis no mercado. Foram realizados ensaios em placas de Petri, com os fungicidas homogeneizados em meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA) e posterior incubação em incubadora com Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (BOD). Avaliou-se o crescimento micelial diariamente, esporulação e germinação de esporos. Os ensaios comprovaram que C. plurivorum e C. truncatum possuem sensibilidade diferente aos ingredientes ativos estudados, sendo que C. plurivorum apresenta maior sensibilidade aos produtos. O fungicida Mancozebe e a associação Azoxistrobina + Mancozebe + Protioconazol proporcionaram eficiente controle no desenvolvimento de C. truncatum. Os fungicidas Picoxistrobina + Benzovindiflupir e Azoxistrobina + Mancozebe + Protioconazol, promoveram maior eficiência no controle de C. plurivorum.

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de banana do mundo, entretanto sua produtividade é afetada por doenças pós-colheita como a antracnose. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus methylotrophicus, comparado à ação de fungicida no controle da antracnose em pós-colheita. Para isto, frutos de banana (Musa spp.) na fase 1 de maturação foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha, sem tratamento; Rizosog (B. subtilis) (1,5 mL L-1), Ônix®og (B. methylotrophicus) (90,9 mL L-1) e fungicida tiofanato-metílico (1mL L-1), em que para cada tratamento empregou-se 10 frutos. Pode-se observar que a testemunha diferiu estatisticamente dos demais tratamentos, apresentando valor de área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) superior aos demais, enquanto o tratamento com B. subtilis foi o mais eficiente com menor valor de AACPD. Os tratamentos B. methylotrophicus (AACPD= 143,35) e fungicida (AACPD= 185,5) não diferiram entre si, entretanto apresentaram diferenças significativas em comparação aos frutos tratados com B. subtilis (AACPD= 23,15). No quarto dia após a imersão dos frutos todos os tratamentos apresentaram a mesma maturação fisiológica, porém nas demais avaliações os frutos tratados com B. subtilis apresentaram maior durabilidade pós-colheita, com menor índice de maturação fisiológica.

Mato Grosso is the third largest producer of bean from Brazil, being the third harvest (irrigated) the most productive, but diseases such as anthracnose, web blight and nematodes of galls cause losses to producers. In addition, a measure widely used and little studied for the control of diseases and nematodes in Mato Grosso is the biological control, which consists of the action of other microorganisms on phytopathogens. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma harzianum and T. asperellum in the development (height of plants, chlorophyll and number of pods) of culture of bean, in the control of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), web blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and in the population of Meloidogyne spp. in the soil. The experiment was accomplished in area experimental of University Federal of Mato Grosso/Campus Sinop. The experimental design was of entirely randomized with 12 parcels of 5m² each, with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The cultivar used was Whitey, carioca group, and the seed treatment performed with product Pyraclostrobin + Thiophanate Methyl + Fipronil and after drying of the inoculation of biocontrol agents and manual seeding. It was observed that the application of T. harzianum and T. asperellum, not promoted increase of chlorophyll, height of plants in bean culture, without reducing the population of Meloidogyne spp.. However, biocontrol agents have reduced the severity of anthracnose and web blight and promoted an increase in the average number of plant pods-1. It is therefore concluded that biocontrol agents show potential for application in bean culture in the North of Mato Grosso.

Essential oils have antimicrobial substances, lower cost and the lower resistance of microorganism. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. niger with essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum and Melaleuca alternifolia. For this, aliquots (0.5, 5, 10 and 15μL) of essential oils from S. aromaticum and M. alternifolia were distributed on the surface of the culture medium Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) with Drigaslsky. In the control treatment were used only plates containing PDA plus chloramphenicol (1%). After 2 hours, a disc (8mm diameter) of the isolated mycelium, with 10 days of age on PDA, was peaked to the center of the plates, these plates were sealed and incubated at 282°C, in the dark. The essential oil of S. aromaticum inhibited the mycelial growth of A. flavus and A. niger, in all aliquots. When using the essential oil of M. alternifolia decreased the mycelial growth of A. flavus in all aliquots, however, showed a low efficiency in control of A. niger. It was concluded that the essential oil S. aromaticum is effective against A. flavus and A. niger, which can be used in control against these microorganisms, and M. alternifolia not show satisfactory results in relation to reducing the growth of pathogens evaluated.

The application of silicon in rice has shown effectiveness in controlling diseases such as leaf blastl. Therefore this study evaluated the application of foliar silicon in rice under the growthconditions in the state of Mato Grosso, for leaf blast control. The experiment conducted in the field, Socreppa Munhoz farm, municipality of Porto the Gaúchos/MT. The experimental design was randomized, three treatments with ten replications each. The treatments consisted of foliar application of potassium silicate (Sili-k®, with 171 g Si L-1 and 210 g L-1K2O) dose of 3.0 kg ha-1with an application, two applications, and an untreated control. Evaluation of leaf blast was realized in the four upper leaves in the main tillers of the plant on 10 tillers randomly collected in the four central rows of each plot. The severity of leaf blast was determined using a scale of 10 degrees (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0; 8.0; 16.0; 32.0; 64.0 and 82.0% leaf area affected). Thr ee assessments were made at intervals of 0, 19 and 34 days after application for calculating the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The best results in reducing the AUDPC were with an application of potassium silicate. Flag leaf with two applications resulted in less severity leaf blast.

Eighty-five Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from soybean croplands in 34 municipalities of Mato Grosso state. Our objectives were characterize the isolates through mycelial growth, cultural and morphological analyses, as well as assessing pathogenicity. To evaluate cultural characteristics, the mycelial growth was daily measured, and the color of colonies was characterized after ten days incubation. The morphology, length, and width of 50 conidia per isolate were assessed. The pathogenicity of twenty-one isolates was evaluated on seed germination rate, incidence, and detection of extracellular enzymes. The cultural and morphology characteristics of Colletotrichum isolates were greatly variable. All isolates studied were able to reduce seed germination, produce sign and proteinase activity. These results suggest there are more than one Colletotrichum species associated with soybean anthracnose in Mato Grosso State.

The antagonism and diversity of fungi have been studied in several environments, including agricultural soils. Nevertheless, information regarding fungi that are able to control Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii in integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest systems soils is unknown. Ten treatments were assessed, including monoculture, integration of Crop-Livestok-Forest, fallow and native forest. During the rainy and dry season was carried out fungi colony forming units (CFU), antagonistic potential and molecular identification. The results showed that CFU were higher in the rainy season and integrated systems of production. Fungal isolates as Penicillium, Talaromyces, Eupenicillium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Acremonium, Curvularia, Purpureocillium, Bionectria, Paecilomyces, Plectospharella, Clonostachy, Mucor, Fennellia and Metarhizium were able to control Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report to describe culturable fungi species from the Amazon biome that are able to control pathogens. Furthermore, we suggest that integrated production systems can be a strategy for increasing fungal biomass and the rainy and dry season can modulate the density of soil fungi also, mainly in a tropical region.

Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a eficiência de The aim of this study was evaluate efficacy fungicides to control cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) and helminthosporium leaf blight (Exserohilumturcicum), productivity, economic returns and quality of grain of corn culture of second crop in Farm Bandeirantes at Feliz Natal/MT. The treatments evaluated were: pyraclostrobina+epoxiconazol (0,7 L ha-1), trifloxistrobina+protioconazol (0,3L ha-1), azoxistrobina+cyproconazol(0,3 L ha-1), azoxystrobina (0,25 L ha-1), trifloxistrobina+ciproconazol (0,2 L ha-1) and control. Theapplicationof products occurred when corn was with 55 days, with a high propelled sprayer. The experimental design was a randomized block, with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The severity of each disease was visually determined through periodic analyses and ten plants were marked in each repetition, which were evaluated during the entire crop cycle. The data of severity obtained were used to calculate the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). It was also obtained the production per ha, the economic return (R$ ha-1) and physiological quality of grain was evaluated by germination tests and accelerated aging of the grains. All treatments had significant difference compared to the control sample in controlling cercospora leaf spot about the control of helminthosporiumleat blight, the fungicides trifloxystrobin+prothioconazol and trifloxystrobin+cyproconazol were not efficient, and the fungicides pyraclostrobina+epoxiconazol, azoxystrobina, azoxistrobina+cyproconazol were efficient. The treatments that had major production are from the group of triazoles+strobilurine and the fungicide pyraclostrobin+epoxyconazol showed greater economic viability. Not were differences among fungicides, and neither of the treatments compared to control, in germination and accelerated aging tests, showing that the grains have good quality characteristics

Bacteria have an ability to proliferate in diverse environments. This work aims to find bacterial groups that can inhabit kitchen sponge, a very suitable tool for their development. The methodology was applied from the microbiological analysis of thirty sponges, together with a questionnaire containing objective questions for respondents to information on how to handle the sponges. It was observed that there is inadequate cleaning of the sponges, which consequently leads to the development of pathogens which in cross contamination of food can bring disease because the bacteria Enterobacter sucrose have been identified, E. coli sucrose, Edwarsiella sp, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris , Salmonella, Citrobacter sp and Pseudomonas sp. From the results of the tests can be seen the need for improvement in hygiene of the sponge used in domestic kitchens and the exchange of the same with new ones more frequently

Among the phytonematodes Pratylenchus brachyurus, is becoming a major concern for producers due to reduction in soybean yield. Thus, there was the effect of biological nematicide and fungicide; applied to seeds (individually or associated), performance of soybean in commercial area infested with P. brachyurous. The treatments were: T1-No control; T2-Grafinat Plus (Paecilomyces sp. + Arthrobotrys sp. + Trichoderma sp.), Biological nematicide; T3-Cropstar FS; T4-Avicta Complete; T5-Standak® Top; T6-Plus Grafinat + Cropstar FC; T7-Grafinat-Plus + Avicta Complete and T8-Grafinat Plus + Top Standak®. The results obtained showed that there was no statistical difference between treatments in plant stand, height (cm) of plants at 20, 40 and 60 days after emergence, the stem diameter (mm), the number of pods and seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 grains (g) and density. However, the application of Standak Top® (individually) and Complete Avicta in association with Grafinat Plus increased height (cm) of first pod in the plant, facilitating at harvest by reducing the grain loss. But, the greatest productivity gains (bags ha-¹) were obtained by applying Standak ® Top and Full Avicta (applied individually).