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The knowledge of the ecology and abundance of mosquito is important in determining the potential risk of exposure to mosquito-borne diseases and the appropriate control measure to effectively reduce the mosquito population. A survey was carried out in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos State, Nigeria for one year to determine the abundance, diversity, and larval habitat characteristics of mosquito. Larvae were collected using WHO standard methods, the physiochemical characteristics of the habitats were recorded, the larvae were reared to adults and identified using morphological identification keys and molecular assays. Adult mosquitoes were also collected outdoor using a trap with octanol attractant. Five species belonging to 3 genera were collected and identified as Anopheles gambiae complex, Anopheles funestus complex, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus. Cx quinquefasciatus (37.7%) is the most abundant followed by Ae aegypti (31.3%) and An. gambiae s.l. (26.9%) while Ae. albopictus (1.9%) is the least abundant. The larval abundance within the different species showed a high level of statistical significance (P