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The rate of scientific activity regarding the effects of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency (RF) range on animals and plants has been small despite the fact that this topic is relevant to the fields of experimental biology, ecology and conservation due to its remarkable expansion over the past 20 years. Current evidence indicates that exposure at levels that are found in the environment (in urban areas and near base stations) may particularly alter the receptor organs to orient in the magnetic field of the earth. These results could have important implications for migratory birds and insects, especially in urban areas, but could also apply to birds and insects in natural and protected areas where there are powerful base station emitters of radiofrequencies. Therefore, more research on the effects of electromagnetic radiation in nature is needed to investigate this emerging threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing marine litter have become a global environmental disaster. The accumulation of seafloor litter (generally includes anthropogenic litter and natural debris) could change the habitat of benthic organisms and thereby affecting their population dynamics including spatial distribution. Metridium senile fimbriatum (i.e., M. senile), a fast-growing sea anemone, has become a dominant species of benthic community in the north Yellow Sea in recent years. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the distribution of M. senile is positively correlated with that of seafloor litter, using data collected on seafloor litter and M. senile from three fisheries-independent bottom trawl surveys in the Yellow Sea in May, August and November 2019. Gradient Forest Model (GFM) was used to select appropriate response variables for characterizing the distribution of M. senile , and evaluate the influences of potential environmental factors on M. senile distribution. Surface area of anthropogenic litter (represented as 'Anthropogenic litter'), surface area of natural debris (represented as 'Natural debris') and latitude (Lat) were identified as the most significant variables influencing the distribution of M. senile. Furthermore, Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) was applied to model the abundance distribution of M. senile in terms of significant environmental variables, and evaluate its correlations with 'Anthropogenic litter' and 'Natural debris'. The best fitting GAMM showed that the abundance of M. senile has a significantly positive association with 'Anthropogenic litter' and 'Natural debris'. We therefore speculated that accumulation of seafloor litter might contribute to the bloom of M. senile , given that seafloor litter could serve as "vectors" for M. senile dispersal and provide with a preferable "natural habitat" for their settlement. Unlabelled Image • Sea anemones were observed to attach to a variety of seafloor litter in the Yellow Sea. • The abundance distribution of anemone is positively related to that of seafloor litter. • Seafloor litter provides with habitats and vectors for anemone blooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]