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Graphene oxide (GO), a novel two-dimension carbon nanomaterial, has showed tremendous potential for utilization in intelligent manufacturing and environmental protection. In parallel, tris(1,3–dichloro–2–propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is widely distributed in the water environment and represents a great threat to ecosystem health. However, the related knowledge remained absent regarding the impact of GO on the biological risks of TDCIPP. Herein, GO significantly reduced the mortality and malformation rates of zebrafish induced by TDCIPP maximumly by 28.6% and 41.8%, respectively. Decreased mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) enzyme and ATP activity induced by TDCIPP were mitigated by GO. Integrating proteomics and metabolomics revealed TDCIPP obviously induced the downregulation of the proteins and metabolites involved in the cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and the TCA cycle, but the alterations were attenuated by GO. GO primarily promoted MRC activity, carbohydrate metabolism, and fatty acid β–oxidation, thus activating the energy metabolism of zebrafish and leading to antagonistic effects on the developmental toxicity of TDCIPP. These results provide a novel view on the co–exposure of GO with other pollutants and promote the reconsideration of the environmental risks of GO. Unlabelled Image • GO reduced the mortality and malformation rate of zebrafish induced by TDCIPP. • GO relieved the mitochondria damage and MRC enzyme inhibition induced by TDCIPP. • GO co-exposure promoted the carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid β–oxidation. • GO activated the energy metabolism leading to the antagonistic toxicity with TDCIPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand mining is a human activity that is increasing in inland waters and has profound effects on entire aquatic ecosystems. However, current knowledge of the effects of sand mining on freshwater lake ecosystems remains limited, especially for biotic communities. Here, we investigated the responses of macroinvertebrates to indiscriminate sand mining in a large shallow lake of China. Our results indicated that sand mining significantly increased the content of suspended particulate matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll a in the water column both in the sand mining area and the area adjacent to the dredging activities. While there was significantly lower total nitrogen and the total phosphorus content of the sediment were observed in the sand mining area. In terms of benthic animals, there were reductions of the macroinvertebrate density and biomass of 89.80% and 99.54%, respectively, and there was a considerable decline of the majority of macroinvertebrate taxonomic taxa as well as biological traits observed in the sand mining area due to direct dredging-induced substrate deterioration and high turbidity water. Moreover, in the area adjacent to the dredging activities, dredging-induced high turbidity water also resulted in 28% and 79% decreases in macroinvertebrate density and biomass, respectively, with a significant decrease in the densities of Bivalvia and Polychaeta but an increase in the density of Crustacea. In terms of biological traits, species (e.g., Grandidierella sp. and Sphaerium lacustre) characterized by a small body size, short life cycle and dietary sources mainly from sediment were typically associated with the ecological condition of the indirect effects of the dredging activities. Taxa (e.g., Corbicula fluminea) with a larger body size and longer life cycle that are filter feeders should be favored by the ecological conditions of the reference sites. For biomonitoring of sand mining perturbations, a number of taxonomic and biological trait indicators were proposed in our study based on indicator value analysis, and the general applicability of trait-based indicators was highlighted. We also suggest that the biodiversity indices may be less suitable indicators of sand mining effects. Given the limited understanding of the responses of macroinvertebrates to sand mining in inland freshwaters, we believe that our results may provide important information for biomonitoring of sand mining activities and provide scientific management support to governments. Unlabelled Image • The sand mining effects on macroinvertebrates were examined in a large shallow lake. • Sand mining has induced substantial decline of macroinvertebrates. • Some taxonomic and trait group indicators were individuated to be sensitive to the response of sand mining perturbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]