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Distribution of N 2 O has been determined in eight cruises along three transects (Guadalquivir, Sancti Petri and Trafalgar) in the Gulf of Cadiz, during 2014 and 2015. The mean N 2 O value for this area was 10.0 ± 0.9 nM, with large spatial and temporal variations. Stratification in the water column has been observed; the concentration of this gas increases with the depth, because of the presence of the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) and the Mediterranean Outflow Waters (MOW). The N 2 O production measured in this study is mainly due to nitrification. N 2 O yields from nitrification were estimated from the linear correlation of the excess of N 2 O (ΔN 2 O) with Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU) and nitrate (NO 3 − ), with values of their slopes ranged between 0.010 and 0.021% and 0.017–0.025% respectively. There is an onshore – offshore gradient of N 2 O; the highest values were found at the shallower stations, indicating coastal input and benthic remineralization. The seawater-air flux of N 2 O is affected by several variables (temperature, AOU and NO 3 − ), and the average flux calculated is 2.7 ± 2.0 μmol m − 2 d − 1 . The fluxes show a decrease with increasing distance from the coast, and with proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar. The study area behaves as a source of N 2 O to the atmosphere, with a global emission of 0.18 Gg year − 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]