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This article reports on the silver nanoparticles (AaAgNPs) that were green-synthesized by using Artemisia annua L. extract (AaExt) and their collective biological applications. Active biomolecules in the extract and extract containing AgNPs were characterized using Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy (FTIR) and AgNPs were monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis. The size of the particle is around 100 nm. The antibacterial activity was measured by the disk diffusion method against the Gram-negative/positive pathogenic bacteria. The extract and extract containing AgNPs showed a significant antibacterial activity. Cytotoxic potential of the synthesized AgNPs was analyzed against the rat splenocytes. The results showed that there were cytotoxic effects of A. annua leaves extract but stimulatory effects when the extract contained AgNPs on normal splenocytes. Extract of A. annua showed very little increase in liver enzymes. Regarding the larvicidal activity, the extract containing AgNPs was more effective than the crude leaves extract against 4th instar larvae of Culex pipiens (LC50 = 171.378 ppm) compared to the plant extract (LC50 = 5389.726 ppm) by about 31.449 folds.

In this study for the first-time gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized (MiAuNPs) using Melilotus indicus L. extract (MiExt) by eco-friendly method for different bioactivity applications. Various analytical techniques used for identifying properties of MiAuNPs include powder X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Radiation (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average diameter of MiAuNPs was about 8 nm (crystallite size by XRD was estimated around 13 nm). Antimicrobial activities MiAuNPs revealed significant effect against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Shigella flexneri) and fungi (Candida albicans). The anticancer activity which may be found in the MiExt as well as extract with MiAuNPs was checked using HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Results revealed that the MiExt alone was stimulatory to Hela cells growth, while MiAuNPs inhibit it. Both MiExt and MiAuNPs also inhibited HepG2 growth. For larvicidal properties, MiExt and MiAuNPs were tested for larvicidal toxicity effects against 4th instar larvae of the common house mosquito viz., Culex pipiens. MiAuNPs was found more lethal against Cx. pipiens with lower lethal concentration values (LC50 = 333.961 ppm; LC90 = 1433.208 ppm), compared to only MiExt (LC50 = 1815.12 ppm; LC90 = 7164.094 ppm).

The use and manufacturing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently received considerable attention in many fields. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes infectious diseases in humans. Therefore, the aim of this work was to bio-synthesize AgNPs using the cyanobacteria Phormidium sp. extract and to use this extract with AgNPs to kill MRSA. Extracellular bio-formation of AgNPs by Phormidium sp. was scrutinized at various pH points and temperatures. Then, characterization and assessment of the antimicrobial power of the produced particles were performed. Extract and extract + AgNPs were screened using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The manufacturing and fastness of AgNPs were monitored visually (by color change) and spectroscopically. FT-IR analysis uncovered the biomolecules in the extract that caused the reduction of silver ions, protected them from aggregation and supplied them with high stability. Results indicated that AgNPs are spheres of 9 nm diameter. AgNPs combined with the extract proved to be a powerful antibacterial factor against MRSA. Consequently, biosynthesis of silver nano-spheres using Phormidium sp. with high antagonistic potency against MRSA is considered as an eco-friendly, time-saving strategy and with potential medicinal significance.

Colorectal malignancy is a significant reason of morbidity and mortality. Rosmarinus officinalis is a medicinal plant and used as diet. Metal nanoparticles are utilized in various fields. This study aimed to investigate if R. officinalis leaves acetone extract (ROLAExt) can kill the abnormally fast dividing cells (cancer) and not normal fast diving cells (proliferation-activated) aided by nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using ROLAExt and characterized with UV/Vis spectrophotometry, XRD and SEM. Functional groups found in the ROLAExt and ROLAExt containing AgNPs (ROLAExt + AgNPs) were explored using FTIR. Sugars, ROS and proteins in ROLAExt were investigated. Biological properties of ROLAExt and ROLAExt + AgNPs including cell cycle arrest, antibacterial, induction of p53 protein, and apoptotic capacity properties were tested. Results demonstrated that AgNPs are of 75 nm in diameter. There is active biomolecules, minute amount of sugars, no protein bands, and 175.2 pg/mL ROS in ROLAExt. AgNPs increased the antibacterial activity, p53 expression, apoptosis, arrestment of HT-29 cells at G2/M phase and did not affect the fast dividing cells. ROLAExt and ROLAExt + AgNPs were safe to the vital organs. In conclusion, R. officinalis acetone extract showed excellent effects on HT-29 cancer cells, but in the presence of AgNPs killed cancer cells and stimulated splenic cells.

A novel 40P2O5–20Na2O–10Ca(OH)2–20CaCl2–6.0ZnO–2.0BaF2–2.0TiO2 (BGBaFTi) bioglasses is prepared. The reaction of the glasses in SBF solution is characterized by XRD and SEM indicated that the carbonate hydroxyapatite has formed rapidly on the glasses. BGBaFTi bioglasses was tested for its antimicrobial activity, anti-proliferative/cytotoxicity against normal and activated splenic cells in vitro and in vivo. This results showed that BGBaFTi has antimicrobial activities against Gram negative and positive bacteria as well as fungi. We found that the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles of BGBaFTI is high than the normal powder of it. Moreover BGBaFTi (powder and nanoparticle) with cytotoxic effect on normal splenic cells was investigated. The products of activated splenic cells did not cause any changes in the structure of BGBaFTi. It did not cause any acute cytotoxicity or lysis to RBCs which was not affected by lytic products of immune cells. The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the present glasses use it a good potential candidate in the field of tissue engineering.