1. Photosymbiosis and the expansion of shallow-water corals.
- Author
-
Frankowiak K, Wang XT, Sigman DM, Gothmann AM, Kitahara MV, Mazur M, Meibom A, and Stolarski J
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthozoa microbiology, Anthozoa physiology, Dinoflagellida physiology, Photosynthesis physiology, Symbiosis physiology
- Abstract
Roughly 240 million years ago (Ma), scleractinian corals rapidly expanded and diversified across shallow marine environments. The main driver behind this evolution is uncertain, but the ecological success of modern reef-building corals is attributed to their nutritional symbiosis with photosynthesizing dinoflagellate algae. We show that a suite of exceptionally preserved Late Triassic (ca. 212 Ma) coral skeletons from Antalya (Turkey) have microstructures, carbonate
13 C/12 C and18 O/16 O, and intracrystalline skeletal organic matter15 N/14 N all indicating symbiosis. This includes species with growth forms conventionally considered asymbiotic. The nitrogen isotopes further suggest that their Tethys Sea habitat was a nutrient-poor, low-productivity marine environment in which photosymbiosis would be highly advantageous. Thus, coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis was likely a key driver in the evolution and expansion of shallow-water scleractinians.- Published
- 2016
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